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浅析心理训练对中长跑运动员成绩的影响 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
根据我国中长跑运动员目前的现状,心理因素对运动成绩的影响越来越大,赛前各种不良的心理表现,影响着他们的运动成绩。心理训练对成绩的影响越来越明显,而且心理训练也成为训练的重要组成部分之一。采用综述法和比较法对中外优秀中长跑运动员心理素质的差异来说明心理训练对运动成绩的影响,建议教练员和运动员本人在训练中有意识地培养他们对各种训练方法和训练手段的适应能力。 相似文献
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一、心理训练的概念
运动员的心理训练是指对运动员有目的、有意识地施加影响,使其心理状态发生变化以达到景适宜状态。提高运动成绩,增强身心健康。 相似文献
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对跳高运动员赛前心理状态进行分析,试图找到跳高运动员心理调节的有效方法,使运动员参加比赛时能达到最佳心理状态,挖掘运动潜能,创造最佳运动成绩。 相似文献
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心理训练效果理论解释 总被引：10，自引：0，他引：10
祝蓓里 《天津体育学院学报》1996,11(1):43-47
介绍了有关解释心理训练能够提高运动成绩的四种理论，以利于广大研究者更加自觉地在一定的理论指导下，正确地实施心理训练，提高心理训练的效果。四种理论是：心理神经肌肉理论，符号学习理论，心理生理信息加工理论，三重编码理论 相似文献
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田径运动员赛前情绪的控制，实质上就是心理训练。实践证明运动员的心理因素对运动成绩的影响是很大的，特别是在运动员的技术水平，运动成绩接近，竞争激烈的情况下，心理能力的较量尤为重要，笔者认为对田径运动员进行赛前情绪控制的心理训练是培养和提高运动员心理素质提高运动成绩的重要手段。 相似文献
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周期性项目——划船运动,对运动员的心理水平要求很高。本文从运动员的个性特征、运动队中的人际关系、运动员心理状态以及心理状态最优化与作用几方面研究入手,探讨了划船运动训练的若干心理学问题,为提高划船运动的教学训练水平和运动成绩,提供了某些心理训练的理论和方法。 相似文献
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浅谈青少年运动员的心理训练 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
通过对青少年运动员的心理特征、易出现的心理障碍以及青少年运动员的心理训练方法的探讨，旨在更快地提高青少年运动员技、战术水平和运动成绩。 相似文献
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运用实验法和统计分析法监测国家空手道队运动员在大赛前的心理疲劳程度。结果显示运动负荷过大可增加运动员消极情绪,减小积极情绪。进一步提出有针对性地心理训练可稳定运动员情绪,提高运动成绩,促进运动员身心健康。 相似文献
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当前体育发达国家已经把心理训练当做一个很重要的内容。在激烈的体育比赛中，运动员心理状态的好坏往往是成败的关键。善于运用心理学的规律指导运动训练与竞赛，使运动员正常发挥技术水平，应是优秀教练员必须具有的素质之一，本文通过对赛前心理准备，赛中心理控制，赛后心理调整的研究，对心理训练与提高运动成绩进行探讨。 相似文献
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This study examined the effect of carbohydrate ingestion on metabolic and performance-related responses during and after a simulated 1h cycling time trial. Eight trained male cyclists (VO 2 peak = 66.5ml kg -1 min -1 ) rode their own bicycles mounted on a windload simulator to imitate real riding conditions. At a self-selected maximal pace, the cyclists performed two 1h rides (separated by 7 days) and were fed either an 8% carbohydrate or placebo solution. The beverages were administered 25 min before (4.5ml kg -1 ) and at the end (4.5ml kg -1 ) of the ride. With carbohydrate feeding, plasma glucose tended (P = 0.21) to rise before the time trial. Compared with rest, the plasma glucose concentration decreased significantly (P < 0.05) at the end of both rides, with no statistically significant difference being observed between treatments. Thereafter, plasma glucose increased significantly (P < 0.05) at 15 and 30 min into recovery, and was significantly higher at 30 min during the carbohydrate trial compared with the placebo trial. No significant changes in plasma free fatty acids were observed during the ride. However, a significant increase (P < 0.05) in free fatty acids was found at 15 and 30 min into recovery, with no difference between trials. Mean power output was significantly (P < 0.05) greater during the carbohydrate compared with the placebo trial (mean - S.E.: 277-3 and 269-3W, respectively). The greater distance covered in the carbohydrate compared with the placebo trial (41.5-1.06 and 41.0–1.06km, respectively; P < 0.05) was equivalent to a 44s improvement. We conclude that pre-exercise carbohydrate ingestion significantly increases endurance performance in trained cyclists during a 1h simulated time trial. Although the mechanism for this enhancement in performance with carbohydrate ingestion cannot be surmised from the present results, it could be related to a higher rate of carbohydrate oxidation, or to favourable effects of carbohydrate ingestion on the central component of fatigue. 相似文献
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Roy J. Shephard 《Journal of sports sciences》2013,31(7):603-620
The biology and medicine of rowing are briefly reviewed. Effort in a 2000 -m race is about 70% aerobic. Because the boat (and in some instances a cox) must be propelled, successful competitors are very tall, with a large lean mass and aerobic power. Large hearts may lead to erroneous diagnoses of a cardiomyopathy. Large respiratory minute volumes must be developed by chest muscles that are also involved in rowing. The vital capacity is typically large, and breathing becomes entrained. Expiration cannot be slowed relative to inspiration (as normally occurs at high rates of ventilation) and the limiting flow velocity may be reached, with the potential for airway collapse. Performance is strongly related to the power output at the ‘anaerobic threshold’, and lactate measures provide a guide to an appropriate intensity of endurance training. Peak blood lactate levels are higher in males (commonly 11–19 mmol·l -1 and occasionally as high as 25 mmol·l -1) than in females (9–11 mmol·l -1), probably because males have a greater muscle mass in relation to blood volume. The skeletal muscles are predominantly slow twitch in type, developing an unusual force and power at low contraction velocities. Many rowers have a suboptimal diet, eating excessive amounts of fat. Lightweight rowers also have problems of weight cycling. Aerobic power and muscle endurance often change by 10% over the season, but such fluctuations can be largely avoided by a well-designed winter training programme. Injuries include back and knee problems, tenosynovitis of the wrist and, since the introduction of large blades, fractures of the costae. 相似文献
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许良 《体育科技文献通报》2011,19(2):1-4
基于1985、1995和2005年全国学生体质调研数据,对各时期我国城乡学生形态、机能、体能发展水平进行系统地定量研究,动态分析20年全国城乡学生体质发展的特点与规律。主要研究结果：（1）近20年城乡学生生长发育持续提前,城市学生各项形态指标生长水平高于乡村,身高城乡差距缩小,体重、胸围城乡差距加大;（2）城市学生肺活量水平高于乡村,城乡学生肺活量20年持续下降,前10年乡村学生下降快、后10年城市学生下降快;（3）乡村学生800m、1000m跑水平高于城市,城市女生50m跑、仰卧起坐水平高于乡村,其他素质城乡学生水平波动较大;（4）城市女生50m跑20年持续下降,城乡学生800m和1000m跑、城市学生50m×8往返跑20年加速下降,其他素质20年间有增有降发展极不平稳。 相似文献
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采用测量、问卷调查、数理统计等方法,分析定向运动学习前后对大学生身心健康的影响.结果经T检验和x2检验且表明：定向运动不仅能增强学生体质健康水平,而且有助于学生的情绪调节,增强自信心与创新意识,培养勇敢顽强的意志品质,建立良好的人际关系,能有效地促进学生身心健康发展.为了全面提高大学生整体素质,积极实践,构建定向运动课内外一体化教学模式,进行定向运动课程模块化教学,以满足学生的多元化需求. 相似文献
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Alan M. Nevill Roger L. Holder Andrew Bardsley Helen Calvert Stephen Jones 《Journal of sports sciences》2013,31(4):437-443
A regression analysis of competitors' tournament results in relation to their world rankings was proposed to identify the effect of home advantage in international ‘grand-slam’ tennis and ‘major’ golf tournaments. The results provided little evidence of home advantage in either the grand-slam tennis or the golf tournaments held in 1993. The only possible evidence of home advantage was found in the Wimbledon tennis and the US Open golf championships. Even these findings can be explained, at least partially, by (1) the availability of information concerning the low world rankings of the British tennis players competing at Wimbledon, and (2) selective entry, allowing only the world's top-ranked foreign golfers into the US open golf tournament. In both cases, the lower ranking home competitors have a greater opportunity to perform above their anticipated world rankings. Therefore, provided entry into tennis and golf tournaments is truly ‘open’ to both the host nation's representatives and foreign competitors alike, home advantage does not appear to be a major factor influencing the competitors' performance in such competitions. These findings may be explained by the relatively objective nature of the scoring systems used in tennis and golf, unlike the subjective influence of refereeing decisions on the results of team-games such as soccer. 相似文献
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曲爱宁 《体育科技文献通报》2007,15(8):97-98
柔韧素质是健美操专业学生的专项素质之一,通过对普通高校健美操专业学生分组对照进行柔韧性训练的实验研究,认为对训练肌群辅以按摩器振颤刺激,可大大提高柔韧性训练效果。 相似文献
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我国城市体育自然环境建设与发展的研究 总被引：5，自引：0，他引：5
采用实地调查研究、理性思维研究和文献资料调研等方法对主要问题进行了专门研究，提出了进行城市体育场所区域生态功能区划、设计体育生态功能区布局的方案、做好体育场所绿色环境系统规划、制定体育场所生态与绿地管理措施等基本观点，提出了若干城市体育自然环境建设与发展的对策。 相似文献
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重新认识体育的社会关联 总被引：3，自引：1，他引：2
体育与政治之间存在一个悖论，体育的发展与经济实力之间没有直线相关，体育与教育部分重叠，体育与宗教最为近缘，体育可借用科学手段，体育的艺术禀性日益明显，体育与养生反映着两种人生观。 相似文献