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1.
澳大利亚反兴奋剂政策研究 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
研究目的:体育运动中泛滥的兴奋剂问题,已经成为阻碍世界体育可持续的重要问题,各国纷纷启动对反兴奋剂政策的立法问题,研究澳大利亚反兴奋剂政策具有一定的比较借鉴意义。研究方法:文献资料法、逻辑分析法等。研究结果和结论:澳大利亚反兴奋剂政策得到了参议院调查委员会的支持,澳大利亚政府通过体育和休闲内阁会议,进一步支持澳大利亚反兴奋剂组织的政策立法活动,建立澳大利亚国家精英运动员药检机制,对涉及体育运动中的兴奋剂问题实行严厉监管。 相似文献
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在加快建设体育强国与数字中国的背景下，运动员数据权利保护是反兴奋剂治理工作中值得探讨的一个重要议题。该研究运用文献资料、规则分析等方法，以运动员数据权利保护为出发点，对国际反兴奋剂规则进行了梳理，探寻了新时代反兴奋剂治理下运动员数据权利的克减与保护。研究发现，运动员在反兴奋剂治理活动中应享有知情同意权、隐私权、拒绝权和被遗忘权等数据权利，但权利的实现却因克减边界的模糊性与反兴奋剂治理产生冲突。研究认为，通过坚持遵守反兴奋剂的基本原则及相关规则、规范运动员数据收集采集的操作程序和完善监管救济与相关技术等措施，可适当平衡运动员数据权利保护与反兴奋剂治理之间的冲突，推动实现反兴奋剂治理体系和治理能力的现代化。 相似文献
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张俊雅 《武汉体育学院学报》2022,56(4):35-41
随着信息技术的发展,个人信息保护已成为十分重要的话题。世界反兴奋剂组织为了保障运动员等反兴奋剂活动参与者的个人信息权制定了《保护隐私和个人信息国际标准》。该标准从信息主体权利赋予,反兴奋剂组织义务承担两个方面对反兴奋剂活动中的个人信息进行保护。对该规则的考察是运动员等信息主体在反兴奋剂活动中维护其个人信息权利的基础,也是保障反兴奋剂组织涉个人信息工作合规开展的前提条件。同时,该标准仍存在运动员个人信息处理过度、个人信息安全保障欠缺、个人信息权利行使困难和信息处理者责任后果缺失的问题,相关规定有向反兴奋剂组织过度倾斜之嫌。应当对该标准的不足之处进行完善,以期实现运动员与反兴奋剂组织间的利益平衡。 相似文献
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基于唯物辩证法的理论视角,对世界反兴奋剂机构(WADA)出台的运动员行踪报告制度的合法性基础进行了辩证考察。研究结果和结论:道德教化让人们开始接受世界反兴奋剂机构的反兴奋剂行动和零容忍政策,以及运动员行踪信息系统,反应了公众或体育业界的基本主张。虽然精英运动员具有一定的自由选择权利,但是精英运动员作为严格质量控制的特殊商品,从一开始就必须接受一种完全被安排的生活方式,其中包括已经设计好的营养摄取量、睡眠方式、全日制训练安排、心理治疗、自我控制以及其它控制制度。 相似文献
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建立安徽省＂反兴奋剂＂监控体系,是促进安徽省竞技体育健康发展,实现体育强省的需要。分析了兴奋剂对体育的危害;从兴奋剂检查、相关信息申报、食品、营养品及药品安全;抓好运动员、教练员及相关工作人员的反兴奋剂宣传教育;建立反兴奋剂组织制度和绩效考核等方面,阐述了如何构建安徽省反兴奋剂的监控体系,以提高反兴奋剂工作效果和效率。 相似文献
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本文试图就反兴奋剂过程中运动员享有权利的确认,反兴奋剂机制、环节过程中运动员的权利和维权举措等问题进行初步的探讨。1.反兴奋剂过程中运动员享有的权利我国宪法和法律确认的,运动员在反兴奋剂机制过程中享有的权利主要是与运动员特殊身份有密切关系的权利。(1)平等权运动 相似文献
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分析《世界反兴奋剂条例》确定的反兴奋剂制度关于严格责任原则,兴奋剂违规的后果对运动员权利的影响,兴奋剂违规处理程序中运动员程序权利的保护效果等问题,认为严格责任原则、禁赛处罚制度与一般法律原则并不冲突,对运动员的权利给予了足够保护,但在违规处理程序上有待改进,可考虑给予运动员更充分的程序权利。 相似文献
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2021年实施版《世界反兴奋剂条例》回应了俄罗斯集体兴奋剂事件,加大了对兴奋剂违规行为的打击力度,增强了对运动员权利的保护程度,适应了反兴奋剂技术手段的科学发展。2021年实施版《世界反兴奋剂条例》在新增“阻挠、报复兴奋剂举报”这一类违规行为、增设“受保护的人员”与“业余运动员”新型主体类型、为社会毒品设置单独条款等方面的修订显著成功,但也存在着相关条款之间协调不够、反兴奋剂机构与运动员之间程序权利不平衡等不足。研究分析了2021年实施版《世界反兴奋剂条例》修订条款的主要内容,并考察了修订的主要原因。 相似文献
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由国家体育总局主办、安徽省体育局承办的全国体育科技工作会议、全国反兴奋剂工作会议7月13日在合肥举行,会议对体育科技和反兴奋剂工作进行了全面的回顾和总结,并广泛深入地研究和探讨了如何为完成2008年奥运会的任务提供科技服务,以及如何做好2008年奥运会的反兴奋剂工作,并以此为契机,全面推动体育科技和反兴奋剂工作的开展。为了加强十运会的反兴奋剂工作,总局在年初制定了10项具体措施,主要包括:加大全年赛外兴奋剂检查力度,开展对生长激素血检,对重点项目的重点运动员实行行踪信息报告制度,建立完善医疗用药豁免制度,进一步加大处罚… 相似文献
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《Sport in History》2013,33(4):526-549
This article about doping and anti-doping measures and policy in West Germany in the context of the 1972 Olympic Games in Munich is part of a research project about ‘Doping and Anti-Doping in West-Germany’, supported by the German Government. The intention of this paper is to describe, analyse and discuss the process of changing relationships between state (including various governing sports bodies) and sport (including the German sport associations and federations) in West Germany in the context of the Munich Olympics, and how doping and anti-doping was dealt with in national and international high-level sports. The paper is based on relevant archives and documents from governmental and sports organizations, as well as on the current German and international state-of-the-art of doping (and anti-doping) research. 相似文献
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《Sport Management Review》2014,17(2):160-173
To show why the 1998 doping scandals led to the establishment of the World Anti-Doping Agency, this paper investigates how the IOC has created its organizational identity once confronted with the emergence of doping in sport. The paper endorses a new institutional understanding of organizations, which is combined with a critical discourse analytical framework. Through a systematic reading of the Olympic Review between 1960 and 2003 four main anti-doping discourses are outlined: health scientific, ethical, legal and educational discourses construct the meaning-providing horizon of IOC anti-doping commitment. The 1988 Ben Johnson doping incident is crucial for the understanding of the organizational changes occurring 10 years later. Immediately following the Seoul Olympic Games the IOC applies a warfare genre, which frames anti-doping as a declaration of war and constructs a narrative of the IOC as leading a successful battle against doping. The 1998 doping scandals reveal the opposite. Subsequently, WADA can be labelled IOC's institutionalization failure. 相似文献
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《Sport Management Review》2016,19(1):6-22
Doping testing is a key component enforced by anti-doping authorities to detect and deter doping in sport. Policy is developed to protect athletes’ right to participate in doping-free sport; and testing is a key tool to secure this right. Accordingly, athletes’ responses to anti-doping efforts are important. This article explores how the International Standards for Testing, which face different interpretations and challenges when policy is implemented, are perceived by elite athletes. Particularly, this article aims to investigate how elite athletes perceive the functioning of the testing system (i.e., the efforts of stakeholders involved in testing) in their own sport both nationally and worldwide. Moreover, it seeks to identify whether specific factors such as previous experience of testing and perceived proximity of doping have an impact on athletes’ perceptions of the testing system. The study comprises a web-based questionnaire (N = 645; response rate 43%) and uses qualitative findings to elaborate on and explain quantitative results. Results showed that two-thirds of the athletes reported the national testing programme in their sport to be appropriate. A majority of the athletes who had an opinion on the subject regarded testing programmes in some countries as not extensive enough or believed that in certain countries doping control was downgraded to win medals. Past experience of testing seemed to have a positive influence on trust in the concrete measures; however, if athletes experienced flaws during the control procedures, this could increase distrust and cause worry. The proximity of doping in an athlete's sport influenced the athlete's perception of the testing system. Particularly, athletes who need the testing system to be effective and to function well across the world show greater distrust of or dissatisfaction with the current testing system. The athletes’ diverging views indicate that contemporary anti-doping policy is simultaneously met with support, (dis)trust and frustration. By integrating the views and experiences of Danish elite athletes, this study confirms that the current testing system is confronted with obstacles, and it contributes knowledge about some of the challenges WADA faces when policy is implemented. Implications of results and recommendations for anti-doping authorities are outlined in the paper. 相似文献
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《Sport Management Review》2015,18(2):218-230
Athlete support personnel (ASP) implement drug control policies for sport, such as anti-doping. Interviews with 39 ASP reveal how differences between policy and practice play out in their “lived experience” of anti-doping. While most ASP support the ideology underlying anti-doping at a “common sense” level (using popular drug and sporting discourses such as “drugs are bad” and sporting virtue), they are critical of anti-doping practice. Combined with no direct experience with doping, ASP saw doping as a rare event unlikely to emerge in practice. Most ASP took a laissez-faire approach to anti-doping, relying on managers to know what to do in the unlikely event of a doping incident. Despite broadly supporting the ideas of anti-doping, ASP raised concerns around implementation with regards to Athlete Whereabouts and recreational drug use. In response to hypothetical doping events, a number of ASP would seek to persuade the athlete to discontinue doping rather than meet mandatory reporting obligations. Part of this extended from conflicts between professional and anti-doping obligations (e.g. mandatory reporting and patient confidentiality). ASP demonstrate anti-doping policies are in tension with a practice that systematically normalises substance based performance enhancement early in sporting careers. Anti-doping agencies need to do more to engage with ASP as the “front line” of drug management in sport, including resolving contradictions across policies and in practice. 相似文献
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随着体育事业的飞速发展,竞技体育运动竞争日益激烈,荣誉、金钱等诸多因素诱使运动员、教练员等误入歧途,试图通过不正当的方式提高运动能力和运动成绩,导致兴奋剂在世界体坛滋长蔓延。科技的进步,使兴奋剂的使用手段越来越"高明",反兴奋剂工作也变得越来越艰难。兴奋剂检查作为反兴奋剂工作中的重要环节之一,其重要性不言而喻。兴奋剂检查官作为兴奋剂检查的执行者,在兴奋剂检查中扮演着重要的角色,他们的特殊工作与运动成绩、国家荣誉和国际义务息息相关。 相似文献
17.
青少年业余运动员使用兴奋剂原因分析 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
顾建仁 《体育科技文献通报》2008,16(12):16-17
本文透过2002年沈阳体校和2006年鞍山市田径学校集体使用兴奋剂事件,对青少年业余运动员使用兴奋剂这一问题从经济利益、升学、心理、教练员和现有反兴奋剂条件限制等多方面进行了原因分析,并结合分析结果,从加大反兴奋剂工作的宣传教育、加强教练员和有关人员职业道德、进一步加大、完善相关处罚力度和措施等几个反面提出了自己的建议,以供有关职能部门参考。 相似文献
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Establishing a requirement for, justifying public spending on, and evaluating the effectiveness of anti-doping policies all accentuate the need for reliable estimates of doping prevalence in sport. To date, despite considerable effort and much empirical research, this critical information is still not available. Methodological concerns that make doping epidemiology research difficult have been noted, and to some degree addressed in relation to under-reporting bias. In this paper, we use a simple game model to outline a potential responding behaviour among self-reporting athletes on the use of doping that could potentially invalidate any prevalence estimation arising from self-reports. We show a paradoxical situation in which a potential strategic behaviour inevitably leads to a game where the ‘lying’ is a dominant strategy for both doping users and non-users. A slightly more advanced look at the situation might possibly alter this seemingly absurd conclusion, however not in a direction offering any easy solutions for empirical doping research. Although we acknowledge that the proportions of respondents engaging in false telling are likely to vary across samples and differ between doping users and clean athletes, our simple model effectively draws attention to a neglected side of evasive responding in surveys. The response bias that potentially could lead to under- and over-reporting should be considered when self-reported prevalence rates are used to inform anti-doping prevention and intervention policies. Survey methodologies that are able to account for potential distortions would make a considerable contribution to doping research. 相似文献
19.
赵鑫 《体育成人教育学刊》2014,(3):48-50
目前研究兴奋剂道德和机能增强的研究成果不断涌现,劳特里奇集团出版的《体育界性能增强技术：道德、概念和科学问题》一书堪称该研究领域的杰作。对该书进行系统的整理与述评,以期把握反兴奋剂领域的最新研究动向,并对医疗兴奋剂这一全新的反兴奋剂领域进行了初步涉猎。 相似文献
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《Sport Management Review》2015,18(2):268-279
Although the use of banned drugs in sport is not a new phenomenon, little is known about the experiences and perceptions of athletes who have committed anti-doping rule violations. This study qualitatively explored the experiences of 18 athletes (from the sports of bodybuilding, powerlifting, cricket, sprint kayak, rugby league, and swimming) who had committed anti-doping violations. Themes explored included motivations for initiating and maintaining doping, the psychology of doping, deterrents to doping, and views on current anti-doping policy. In most cases doping had started early in their careers. The perceived culture of the sport was considered central to the ‘normalization’ of doping, particularly in bodybuilding. When explaining their decision to dope, athletes engaged in processes or moral disengagement (including advantageous comparison, minimizing consequences and diffusion of responsibility). Ironically, moral arguments were perceived as the most effective deterrents to doping. Findings are discussed in relation to the difficulties in establishing credible deterrents and suggestions for the future development of anti-doping policy. 相似文献