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1.
科学数据和科研档案的管理协同:框架和路径 总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3
科学数据和科研档案是国家科技创新和经济社会发展的关键基础设施,同属科研信息资源体系,具有密切联系,但在实践和研究中两项工作就像是“平行线”,交集甚少。通过对有关科学数据和科研档案的学术文献、政策文本,以及网络调查和实地调查获得的相关事实数据进行分析,根据管理协同的相关理论与框架模型,可构建由制度规范、组织分工、业务方法、数据资源、信息服务等要素构成的管理协同框架,并在框架指导下提出推动共同问题走进制度视野、构建新型协作模式、加快数字化和数据化进程、探索应用开源软件工具、夯实安全保障体系等实施路径,以共同应对科研信息资源管理在体制、法规、管理、技术等领域面临的挑战。 相似文献
2.
Nadine Rons 《Journal of Informetrics》2012,6(1):1-10
Field normalized citation rates are well-established indicators for research performance from the broadest aggregation levels such as countries, down to institutes and research teams. When applied to still more specialized publication sets at the level of individual scientists, also a more accurate delimitation is required of the reference domain that provides the expectations to which a performance is compared. This necessity for sharper accuracy challenges standard methodology based on pre-defined subject categories. This paper proposes a way to define a reference domain that is more strongly delimited than in standard methodology, by building it up out of cells of the partition created by the pre-defined subject categories and their intersections. This partition approach can be applied to different existing field normalization variants. The resulting reference domain lies between those generated by standard field normalization and journal normalization. Examples based on fictive and real publication records illustrate how the potential impact on results can exceed or be smaller than the effect of other currently debated normalization variants, depending on the case studied. The proposed Partition-based Field Normalization is expected to offer advantages in particular at the level of individual scientists and other very specific publication records, such as publication output from interdisciplinary research. 相似文献
3.
In this paper, we investigate the effects of using four methods of publication counting (complete, whole, fractional, square root fractional) and limiting the number of publications (at researcher and institution levels) on the results of a national research evaluation exercise across fields using Polish data. We use bibliographic information on 0.58 million publications from the 2013–2016 period. Our analysis reveals that the largest effects are in those fields within which a variety publication and cooperation patterns can be observed (e.g. in Physical sciences or History and archeology). We argue that selecting the publication counting method for national evaluation purposes needs to take into account the current situation in the given country in terms of the excellence of research outcomes, level of internal, external and international collaboration, and publication patterns in the various fields of sciences. Our findings show that the social sciences and humanities are not significantly influenced by the different publication counting methods and limiting the number of publications included in the evaluation, as publication patterns in these fields are quite different from those observed in the so-called hard sciences. When discussing the goals of any national research evaluation system, we should be aware that the ways of achieving these goals are closely related to the publication counting method, which can serve as incentives for certain publication practices. 相似文献
4.
Katharine Treptow Farrell Marc Truitt 《Library Collections, Acquisitions, and Technical Services》2005,28(4):473-487
Vendor records are one of the key components underpinning the acquisitions record in the integrated library system. Acquisitions and collection development practitioners increasingly need to record, access, and manipulate acquisitions vendor metadata for purposes not foreseen by the architects of current generation ILSs. The authors posit that vendor records can serve as an appropriate metaphor for the entire acquisitions record in the development of standards. The analysis of data elements and proposed grouping into fields, records, and metarecords suggests a direction for further development and enhanced functionality. The authors call on librarians, systems vendors, and materials vendors to engage in a dialog aimed at creating an accepted standard for vendor records that will meet the needs of all parties. 相似文献
5.
《Library Collections, Acquisitions, and Technical Services》2004,28(4):473-487
Vendor records are one of the key components underpinning the acquisitions record in the integrated library system. Acquisitions and collection development practitioners increasingly need to record, access, and manipulate acquisitions vendor metadata for purposes not foreseen by the architects of current generation ILSs. The authors posit that vendor records can serve as an appropriate metaphor for the entire acquisitions record in the development of standards. The analysis of data elements and proposed grouping into fields, records, and metarecords suggests a direction for further development and enhanced functionality. The authors call on librarians, systems vendors, and materials vendors to engage in a dialog aimed at creating an accepted standard for vendor records that will meet the needs of all parties. 相似文献
6.
明代方志,在方志编纂理论研究的深度与广度方面,较之前都达到了新的水平;特别是其史料价值极高,包含了明之前不同领域、不同层面的丰富资料,加之随着时间的椎移及客观因素的影响,明代方志流传下来的也极为稀少,就更显得弥足珍贵了。有其广阔的开发与研究前景。笔者仅就馆藏流传极少的几种稀见明代志书,作些披露与研究,其原始史料价值、文献版本价值,以望对明史研究、明代方志的整理、开发与研究等有所裨益。 相似文献
7.
关联数据发布流程与关键问题研究——以科技文献、科学数据发布为例 总被引：3，自引：1，他引：2
本文结合中国科学引文数据库和中国生态系统研究网络通量数据的关联数据发布,以关联数据的发布技术框架为研究对象,采取实例阐释的方法,提出了关联数据发布过程中可参考的标准化流程,并详细分析了其中的关键问题.研究表明,关联数据发布流程可以分解成数据建模、实体命名、实体RDF化、实体关联化、实体发布、开放查询六个关键步骤,发布过程中需要考虑到多语种问题、值词表的发布、RDF词表的发布等关键问题.关于利用D2R Server发布数据,本文建议:不要采用空白节点;尽量做好关系型数据库的前期设计;指定非文本属性的数据类型;适当进行实体表的拆分与合并. 相似文献
8.
电子文件管理理论的最新研究成果之一——国际电子文件生命周期模型 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
电子文件生命周期模型是文件和档案领域的重要理论之一,也是指导电子文件科学管理实践的重要指南,国际电子文件生命周期模型的发布是国际文件档案领域对电子文件研究取得重大研究成果的标志.本文从电子文件生命周期模型的意义、结构、功能及特点方面讨论了国际电子文件生命周期模型,并提出了其对我国电子文件研究发展所具有的重要启示. 相似文献
9.
Jonas Lindahl 《Journal of Informetrics》2018,12(2):518-533
The purpose of this study was to examine the relationship between publication rate, top journal publications and excellence during the first eight years of the career, and how well publication rate, top journal publications and highly cited publications during the first four years of the career can predict whether an author attain excellence in the fifth to the eighth year. The dataset consisted of publication track records of 406 early career mathematicians in the sub-field of number theory collected from the MathSciNet database. Logistic regression and dominance analysis was applied to the data. The major conclusions were (1) publication rate had a positive effect on excellence during the first eighth years of the career. However, those who publish many articles in top journals, which implicitly require a high publication count, had an even higher probability of attaining excellence. These results suggest that publishing in top journals is very important in the process of attaining excellence in the early career in addition to publishing many papers; and (2) a dominance analysis indicated that the number of top journal publications and highly cited publications during the first four years of the career were the most important predictors of who will attain excellence in the later career. The results are discussed in relation to indicator development and science policy. 相似文献
10.
[目的/意义]在总结国内外科研数据出版及数据引用规范发布现状的基础上,一方面梳理现有数据出版模式及优劣势,分析数据出版的主要流程;另一方面结合经典案例,提出不同出版模式下相应的推荐引用策略.[方法/过程]通过分析数据出版领域的相关研究报告及论文,对比各数据出版模式,对各出版模式的优劣势、数据出版流程及引用策略进行综合分析.[结果/结论]现有出版模式主要有4种,分别是数据独立出版、数据论文出版、合作出版以及期刊自行出版,每种出版模式下引用策略不同.数据出版的一般流程需要经历5个阶段,未来的研究可以从克服各数据出版模式的局限以及数据出版体系的构建入手. 相似文献
11.
In developing open data policies, governments aim to stimulate and guide the publication of government data and to gain advantages from its use. Currently there is a multiplicity of open data policies at various levels of government, whereas very little systematic and structured research has been done on the issues that are covered by open data policies, their intent and actual impact. Furthermore, no suitable framework for comparing open data policies is available, as open data is a recent phenomenon and is thus in an early stage of development. In order to help bring about a better understanding of the common and differentiating elements in the policies and to identify the factors affecting the variation in policies, this paper develops a framework for comparing open data policies. The framework includes the factors of environment and context, policy content, performance indicators and public values. Using this framework, seven Dutch governmental policies at different government levels are compared. The comparison shows both similarities and differences among open data policies, providing opportunities to learn from each other's policies. The findings suggest that current policies are rather inward looking, open data policies can be improved by collaborating with other organizations, focusing on the impact of the policy, stimulating the use of open data and looking at the need to create a culture in which publicizing data is incorporated in daily working processes. The findings could contribute to the development of new open data policies and the improvement of existing open data policies. 相似文献
12.
Stephen PINFIELD 《Learned Publishing》2013,26(4):285-302
This paper provides an analysis of the attitudes and activities of UK medical research charities in relation to open access (OA). Both quantitative and qualitative data are presented derived from a recent survey of charities covering areas such as policy development, funding arrangements, and business process design for OA. Positions on key issues including green and gold OA, funding article‐processing charges (APCs), and publication licences are assessed. Modelling of potential APCs as a percentage of overall annual research spend is undertaken to show possible costs of a charged‐for gold system. Medical research charities clearly regard OA as important and some see it as an opportunity to further their mission. However, many expressed significant concerns particularly about the costs and expertise required to support OA. Further co‐ordination of policy development and action across the sector and with other stakeholders is recommended in order to help ensure optimal implementation of OA. 相似文献
13.
Stephen Lock 《Learned Publishing》1996,9(3):133-140
Considers how improving the ethics of publication might help to diminish the amount of misconduct in medical research, and the role of the journal editor both in prevention and in setting the record straight. 相似文献
14.
Felix de Moya-Anegon Vicente P. Guerrero-Bote Carmen Lopez-Illescas Henk F. Moed 《Journal of Informetrics》2018,12(4):1251-1262
This paper presents a statistical analysis of the relationship between three science indicators applied in earlier bibliometric studies, namely research leadership based on corresponding authorship, international collaboration using international co-authorship data, and field-normalized citation impact. Indicators at the level of countries are extracted from the SIR database created by SCImago Research Group from publication records indexed for Elsevier’s Scopus. The relationship between authorship and citation-based indicators is found to be complex, as it reflects a country’s phase of scientific development and the coverage policy of the database. Moreover, one should distinguish a genuine leadership effect from a purely statistical effect due to fractional counting. Further analyses at the level of institutions and qualitative validation studies are recommended. 相似文献
15.
Since 1907 records have been kept of publications by staff members of the Mayo Clinic, and this information has been invaluable. The Author Catalog has proved itself such a useful tool for the Mayo Clinic that other libraries, large and small, may wish to consider adopting such a service.The Mayo medical complex is a large institution with more than 500 staff and faculty members engaged in the publication of clinical, educational, and research findings. The great amount of cross-disciplinary cooperation and interdepartmental research makes essential an up-to-date record of what is going on.The Mayo Clinic Library developed a comprehensive computerized method for identifying research and for identifying and indexing publications of Mayo staff members. At the end of 1971 more than 25,000 citations had been stored on computer tape. 相似文献
16.
《Journal of Informetrics》2014,8(3):766-775
National policies aimed at fostering the effectiveness of scientific systems should be based on reliable strategic analysis identifying strengths and weaknesses at field level. Approaches and indicators thus far proposed in the literature have not been completely satisfactory, since they fail to distinguish the effect of the size of production factors from that of their quality, particularly the quality of labor. The current work proposes an innovative “input-oriented” approach, which permits: (i) estimation of national research performance in a field and comparison to that of other nations, independent of the size of their respective research staffs; and, for fields of comparable intensity of publication, (ii) identification of the strong and weak research fields within a national research system on the basis of international comparison. In reference to the second objective, the proposed approach is applied to the Italian case, through the analysis of the 2006–2010 scientific production of the Italian academic system, in the 200 research fields where bibliometric analysis is meaningful. 相似文献
17.
Nicolás Robinson-Garcia Cassidy R. Sugimoto Dakota Murray Alfredo Yegros-Yegros Vincent Larivière Rodrigo Costas 《Journal of Informetrics》2019,13(1):50-63
This paper presents a methodological framework for developing scientific mobility indicators based on bibliometric data. We identify nearly 16 million individual authors from publications covered in the Web of Science for the 2008–2015 period. Based on the information provided across individuals’ publication records, we propose a general classification for analyzing scientific mobility using institutional affiliation changes. We distinguish between migrants--authors who have ruptures with their country of origin--and travelers--authors who gain additional affiliations while maintaining affiliation with their country of origin. We find that 3.7% of researchers who have published at least one paper over the period are mobile. Travelers represent 72.7% of all mobile scholars, but migrants have higher scientific impact. We apply this classification at the country level, expanding the classification to incorporate the directionality of scientists’ mobility (i.e., incoming and outgoing). We provide a brief analysis to highlight the utility of the proposed taxonomy to study scholarly mobility and discuss the implications for science policy. 相似文献
18.
《Journal of Informetrics》2023,17(4):101452
While not all researchers prioritize social impact, it is undeniably a crucial aspect that adds significance to their work. The objective of this paper is to explore potential gender differences in the social attention paid to researchers and to examine their association with specific fields of study. To achieve this goal, the paper analyzes four dimensions of social influence and examines three measures of social attention to researchers. The dimensions are media influence (mentions in mainstream news), political influence (mentions in public policy reports), social media influence (mentions in Twitter), and educational influence (mentions in Wikipedia). The measures of social attention to researchers are: proportion of publications with social mentions (social attention orientation), mentions per publication (level of social attention), and mentions per mentioned publication (intensity of social attention). By analyzing the rankings of authors -for the four dimensions with the three measures in the 22 research fields of the Web of Science database- and by using Spearman correlation coefficients, we conclude that: 1) significant differences are observed between fields; 2) the dimensions capture different and independent aspects of the social impact. Finally, we use non-parametric means comparison tests to detect gender bias in social attention. We conclude that for most fields and dimensions with enough non-zero altmetrics data, gender differences in social attention are not predominant, but are still present and vary across fields. 相似文献
19.
20.
Rebecca B. French 《Journal of Web Librarianship》2019,13(2):156-197
Information about faculty and their publications can be found in library databases such as the Library of Congress Name Authority File, VIAF, WorldCat, and institutional repositories; in identifier registries such as ORCID and ISNI; and on academic social networking sites such as Academia, Google Scholar, and ResearchGate, but the way search engines use such identifiers and profiles is unclear. Therefore, researchers at a large comprehensive university conducted several rounds of web searching before and after the creation and modification of faculty authority records. The sample consisted of 24 faculty and the 35 publications associated with their authorities. The researchers searched for the faculty and their publications on the social networking and identity websites directly, and then used Google, Bing, and Google Scholar to record which of the faculty members’ profiles and publications were found within the top 50 results. Faculty with more profiles were more visible in search engine results, and faculty with authority records ranked more highly in Google. Results related to publication discovery and ranking were more inconclusive, but revealed clear differences between search tools. The implications of this exploratory research can support educational efforts about academic identities and scholarly profiles, begin a research agenda, and inform methodological development surrounding the influence of identity records and academic social networking profiles on web visibility. 相似文献