共查询到20条相似文献，搜索用时 579 毫秒
1.
Our moral condition in cyberspace 总被引：1，自引：1，他引：0
Diane P. Michelfelder 《Ethics and Information Technology》2000,2(3):147-152
Some kinds of technological change not only trigger new ethical problems, but also give rise to questions about those very approaches to addressing ethical problems that have been relied upon in the past. Writing in the aftermath of World War II, Hans Jonas called for a new ``ethics of responsibility,'' based on the reasoning that modern technology dramatically divorces our moral condition from the assumptions under which standard ethical theories were first conceived. Can a similar claim be made about the technologies of cyberspace? Do online information technologies so alter our moral condition that standard ethical theories become ineffective in helping us address the moral problems they create? I approach this question from two angles. First, I look at the impact of online information technologies on our powers of causal efficacy. I then go on to consider their impact on self-identity. We have good reasons, I suggest, to be skeptical of any claim that there is a need for a new, cyberspace ethics to address the moral dilemmas arising from these technologies. I conclude by giving a brief sketch of why this suggestion does not imply there is nothing philosophically interesting about the ethical challenges associated with cyberspace. 相似文献
2.
《普罗米修斯》2012,30(3):263-269
This paper contrasts the immediate representations of Islam on US television and CNN's online messageboard by focusing on the noun phrases for 'Islamic' used in both media fora from September 11 to 16. The study found some notable congruities and differences in the associations made with Islam in each context. It considers these findings in terms of previous research on the representation of Islam and terrorism in 'Western' media; the official insistence that 'we' are not at war with Islam; and media theories of 'framing' and 'reception'. 相似文献
3.
Cyber-bullying, and other issues related to violence being committed online in prosocial environments, are beginning to constitute an emergency worldwide. Institutions are particularly sensitive to the problem especially as far as teenagers are concerned inasmuch as, in cases of inter-teen episodes, the deterrent power of ordinary justice (i.e. threaten to sue) is not as effective as it is between adults. In order to develop the most suitable policies, institution should not be satisfied with statistics and sociological perspectives on the phenomenon, but rather seek a deep ethical understanding—also referring to the biological and evolutionary past of human beings. The aim of this paper is to show a way to fill this theoretical gap, offering some answers (and some questions too) that can illuminate future policy-oriented research and reflection. In order to do so, we will start by connecting our argument to evolutionary studies carried out in the past two decades, focusing on gossip as a tool for social assortment, thus endowed with a dual function: protect the group from free riders, intruders and bullies but also bully the deviant members. In the “Mediating gossip through social networks” section, we will see which aspects of gossip, vital for bullying, are co-opted by social network scenarios. A fundamental trait of human social life, that is the subdivision in smaller coalitions, or sub-groups, will be shown as missing in social networks (SN) dynamics—therefore constituting themselves as structurally violent. The “Why and how do social networks empower bullying?” section will deal with techno-ethical and epistemological concerns regarding how gossip, mediated by SN, manages to empower cyber-bullying. The “Self-gossip and self-mobbing in the light of the disruption of sub-moralities” section will characterize cyber-bullying as often sparked by self-gossip (soon degrading into self-mobbing) in a scenario where familiar sub-groups, which also mediate defense and mutual understanding, are disrupted. The “Discussion and conclusion” section will consist of a philosophical summary, divided in two parts: a pars destruens analyzing whether SN, in their actual configurations, are fit for being used by humans-like-us, and a pars construens examining the broad potential consequences of highly enforced regulation aimed at contrasting cyber-bullying. 相似文献
4.
Vishnu Kumar Ranjana Singh Farzana Mahdi Abbas Ali Mahdi Raj Kumar Singh 《Indian journal of clinical biochemistry : IJCB》2017,32(3):323-328
The present study was undertaken to evaluate antidiabetic and antioxidant activities of Cassia tora (C. tora) seeds extract against streptozotocin induced diabetes in experimental rats to scientifically validate its use against diabetes. Ethanolic extract of C. tora seeds extract and standard drug (glibenclamide) prepared in aqueous gum acacia (2 %, w/v) suspension and fed orally to streptozotocin induced male adult diabetic rats of Charles Foster strain for 15 days. Biochemical parameters in normal, diabetic control, standard (600 μg/kg bw p.o.) and treated (500 mg/kg bw p.o.) animal groups were quantified and compared. Treatment of streptozotocin induced diabetic rats with ethanolic seeds extract caused significant (p < 0.001) reduction in blood glucose (270–220 mg/dl), total cholesterol (140–104 mg/dl), triglyceride (149–99 mg/dl), phospholipids (100–74 mg/dl), free fatty acid (2.39–2.00 μmol/l), lipid peroxide (9–5.63 nmol MDA/dl) and significantly increased post heparin lipolytic activity (11–14 nmol FFA released/h/l plasma) (p < 0.001). Furthermore, the seeds extract (100–400 μg) when tested for its antioxidant activity in vitro, showed significant (p < 0.001) inhibition in the generation of super oxide anions in enzymic system a (46–37, 33, 23, 21 nmol uric acid formed/min), in enzymic system b (113–91, 77, 60, 51 nmol formazon formed/min), non-enzymic system (324–230, 211, 161, 141 nmol uric acid formed/min) and hydroxyl radicals in enzymic system (544–501, 411, 319, 291 nmol 2,3-dihydroxybenzoate formed/h) and non-enzymic system (28–21, 17, 14, 12). The results of the present study demonstrated antidiabetic, antidyslipidemic and antioxidant activities of C. tora seeds which could help in prevention of diabeticdyslipidemia and related complications. 相似文献
5.
为了揭示知识在知识群落内的生存类型规律;依据知识DNA跨域映射思想,采用仿生学演绎与实证研究两种方法,以生物生活型规律为原型,跨域映射提出了知识生活型规律模型,包括思维影响力,知识生活型及其概念、类型、规律与模型,又经实际案例验证,该规律模型揭示了知识在知识群落内的生存类型规律;然后,提出了在知识群落、知识挖掘、知识可视化、知识转化等方面的应用前景,并提出了隐性知识可视化的崭新课题。该结果是基于仿生学发现的重要基础理论与启发性新观点,适用于知识创新与知识管理相关研究领域,具有突出的科学意义与应用价值。 相似文献
6.
Veera Kangaspunta 《The Information Society》2013,29(5):275-288
AbstractThe research on online news comments has been dominated by a normative approach and has centered on media engagement. Normativity and media dominance have also featured big in the theoretical discussions on the public sphere. This article presents a case study of online news comments, combining a novel methodological testing of social network hypotheses to examine user–user interactions in online comments with a conceptual discussion of the potential connections between social network research and theories of the public. The social network analysis in this study indicated that users (online commentators) do not constitute highly dense networks, although their relations can be studied as social networks. However, this analysis can only explore limited features of this online phenomenon and requires complementary methods. From a conceptual perspective, this article confirms the role of shared issue for a potential public and also emphasizes the importance of context, actors, and meanings for understanding the public. 相似文献
7.
Mahmood Hussain Shah Hamid Reza Peikari Norjaya M. Yasin 《International Journal of Information Management》2014
Despite the critical role of individuals’ perceived security in an online environment, previous research has not attempted to comprehensively study the influences and interrelations between the determinants of online individuals’ perceived security. This research employs five theories to examine the interrelations that might exist between the antecedents of individuals’ perceived security in online environment in Malaysia. It is the first attempt to empirically examine the interrelations of the confidentiality related factors identified in the literature which is a significant original contribution. A questionnaire was the primary research methodology and structural equation modeling was employed to test the hypotheses. The findings suggest that individuals’ perceptions about security are significantly influenced by their perceived technical protection while technical protection was found to be influenced by website design features. Moreover, it was found that individuals’ perceptions toward internally provided assurances are highly influenced by externally provided assurances. However, the results found no significant relations between internally and externally provided assurances about a website's security. The findings imply that e-retailers should launch well-designed websites and communicate the technical protection capabilities of their websites to address individuals’ security concerns. The results also suggest that e-traders should consider the factors influencing individuals’ security perceptions when designing/developing their websites. 相似文献
8.
Dharamveer Yadav Sandhya Mishra Monika Gupta P. J. John Praveen Sharma 《Indian journal of clinical biochemistry : IJCB》2013,28(1):30-37
Reference intervals (RI) are the most common decision support tool used for interpretation of numerical laboratory reports. The quality of the RI can play as large a role in result interpretation as the quality of the result itself. As such there is hardly any study examining RI for liver specific biochemical parameters in Indian population especially north Indians having drastically different food habits as compared to rest of the India. So there is a need to establish the RI for north Indian population. Present study was conducted on 2,021 apparently healthy individuals of north Indian origin ranging in age from 15–60 years, were selected randomly using defined criteria. Lipemic, hemolysed, icteric and stored samples were also excluded adopting preanalytical criteria for rejection of sample. Non parametric methodology for determination of RI was adopted as most of the biochemical parameters included revealed non Gaussian distribution. Data were analyzed for middle 95 percentile (2.5th–97.5th percentile), median and 95 % confidence interval using SPSS software package version 10.0. The upper and the lower limit of RI (reported Vs observed) for bilirubin (0–1.2 Vs 0.30–1.30 mg/dL), serum glutamate oxaloacetate transferase (SGOT) (0–41 Vs 13–52.80 IU/L), serum glutamate pyruvate transferase (SGPT) (0–50 Vs 10–68 IU/L) showed wide variation as compared to reported standard RI however Gamma glutamyl transferase (GGT) (0–50 Vs 5.00–50.60 IU/L) remained within the reported standard RI. Further gender wise evaluation revealed higher cutoff in males (AST 14–55, ALT 11–70.35, GGT 6.76–51.09 in IU/L, bilirubin (0.40–1.34 mg/dL) as compared to females (SGOT 13–50.43, SGPT 9–63.43, GGT 3.92–48.70 in IU/L, Bilirubin 0.30–1.20 mg/dL) for both enzymatic and non enzymatic biochemical parameters. The variations may be attributed to dietary pattern smoking and alcoholism. 相似文献
9.
10.
Although previous research indicates a variety of facilitators of knowledge transfer, many firms still suffer from knowledge transfer difficulties. This study explores the relational antecedents of knowledge transfer by integrating the motivation–opportunity–ability framework with a social network approach, which emphasizes the relations among people rather than their attributes. To rigorously validate causal relations among network variables, the social networks of employees in a research and development department were surveyed twice in 6 months. A regression analysis with 76 × 76 networks using a multiple regression quadratic assignment procedure showed that opportunity and motivation were the first- and second-most influential factors for knowledge transfer, respectively. There was a marginal, but statistically significant effect for ability. The creation of a working environment in which knowledge transfer can easily take place, and motivating competent employees to transfer their knowledge, are critical to successful knowledge transfer. 相似文献
11.
师德是教师的立身之根、立教之本。在当今信息时代,认真分析素质教育对教师自身道德修养的本质要求,深入研究教师道德建设的规律和方向,就成为一个亟待解决的问题。 相似文献
12.
S. Shiefa M. Amargandhi J. Bhupendra S. Moulali T. Kristine 《Indian journal of clinical biochemistry : IJCB》2013,28(1):3-12
The first trimester screening programme offers a noninvasive option for the early detection of aneuploidy pregnancies. This screening is done by a combination of two biochemical markers i.e. serum free β-human chorionic gonadotrophin (free β-hCG) and pregnancy associated plasma protein A (PAPP-A), maternal age and fetal nuchal translucency (NT) thickness at 11 + 0–13 + 6 weeks of gestation. A beneficial consequence of screening is the early diagnosis or trisomies 21, 18 and 13. At 11 + 0–13 + 6 weeks, the relative prevalence of trisomies 18 and 13 to trisomy 21 are found to be one to three and one to seven, respectively. All three trisomies are associated with increased maternal age, increased fetal NT and decreased PAPP-A, but in trisomy 21 serum free β-hCG is increased whereas in trisomies 18 and 13 free β-hCG is decreased. 相似文献
13.
The present paper explores the relationship between nature of Facebook usage, non-directional comparisons and depressive syndromes. The extant research on linkage between social media usage and mental health is inconclusive. The paper uses data collected through an online survey of 399 Facebook users in the UK. A Facebook frequency rating scale was developed and validated as a part of the study. The Iowa-Netherlands Comparison Orientation Measure was modified and used to measure social comparison. The depressive syndromes were captured by the modified Center for Epidemiological Studies Depression Scale. The Rank Theory of Depression was used a guiding framework. The data collection had focused on the 20–29 year olds, as justified by the literature.The study found a negative relationship between active Facebook use and non-directional social comparisons. The relationship was reversed in the case of passive usage. There is small but significant causal linkage between increased non-directional social comparisons and depressive symptoms among the users. 相似文献
14.
Purvi Purohit Kunal Garg Vikram Singh Shailendra Dwivedi Praveen Sharma 《Indian journal of clinical biochemistry : IJCB》2016,31(3):349-352
Microalbuminuria is an established cardiovascular risk indicator in diabetes, hypertension and the general population. There is lack of information on MAU in healthy obese Indian adults and an ongoing debate whether obese adults deserve targeted identification and clinical intervention for MAU and prediabetes. We aimed to screen the healthy obese, young (group I) and middle aged (group II) adults for prevalence of MAU and prediabetes and study its association with Framingham risk score. The study included 50 healthy obese young (20–30 years) and middle aged adults (31–50 years), attending the outpatient clinic of Dept. of Medicine for a duration of 2 months (July–August). The patients were screened for fasting blood sugar, lipid profile and MAU. Of the total patients 28 % had MAU, 32.14 % of which had prediabetes and 33.33 % had diabetes whereas 10 % were normoglycemic. The group I patients had 50 % cases of MAU and group II had 25 % patients with MAU. Group II 63.63 % pre-diabetics. The values of MAU obtained were correlated with age, gender, body mass index, systolic and diastolic blood pressure, FBS, waist to hip ratio using Pearson’s Coefficient (p < 0.05). The 10 year CVD risk calculated using FRS in subjects with MAU was higher as compared to those without MAU. Thus we conclude that Indian, young and middle aged obese adults to be at a risk of prediabetes, MAU and CV risk warranting their routine screening for better clinical outcomes. 相似文献
15.
16.
Shrilekha Sairam Suhasini Domalapalli Sundaram Muthu Jayanthi Swaminathan Vivek A. Ramesh Lalitha Sekhar Palak Pandeya Udhaya Balasubramaniam 《Indian journal of clinical biochemistry : IJCB》2014,29(3):290-297
Clinical reference intervals among Indian population are poorly defined. Therefore, there is an urgent need to establish local clinical laboratory reference intervals for healthy Indian population. The present study aimed to identify the 95 % reference interval for hematological and biochemical parameters in apparently healthy Indian population. We undertook a multicentric cross-sectional study conducted at Apollo Hospitals Educational and Research Foundation across India. Of which 10,665 reference individuals identified as healthy by physicians. The 95 % of the reference distribution was estimated using 2.5th and 97.5th percentile reference limits. The 95 % reference intervals for hemoglobin (Males: 12.3–17 g/dL; Females: 9.9–14.3 g/dL), platelet count (Males: 1.3–3.8; Females: 1.3–4.2 Lakhs/µL), erythrocyte sedimentation rate (Males: 2–22; Females: 4–55 mm/h), serum uric acid in males: 3.5–8.2 mg/dL, gamma glutamyl transferase (Males: 13–61 U/L), fasting blood glucose (Males: 78–110 mg/dL), total cholesterol (Males: 115–254 mg/dL), low density lipoprotein (Males: 60–176 mg/dL) and triglycerides (Males: 55–267 mg/dL, Females: 52–207 mg/dL) were different from currently used reference values. Additionally need for gender based partitioning were observed for triglycerides and gamma glutamyl transferase. The observed findings are of clinical significance and it needs to be validated with additional community based studies. 相似文献
17.
Mihir D. Mehta Simbita A. Marwah S. Ghosh Hitesh Shah Amit Trivedi N. Haridas 《Indian journal of clinical biochemistry : IJCB》2016,31(1):75-80
Aim of this study was to evaluate the role of Myeloperoxidase (MPO) and high sensitive Troponin T in the early diagnosis of acute coronary syndrome (ACS). This was a cross sectional study that comprised of 120 individuals of which 75 were cases and 45 healthy controls. On the basis of clinical history and 12 lead electrocardiogram initial diagnosis of ACS was made in the cases. MPO and high sensitive Troponin T (hs-cTnT) was measured in all the individuals. Levels of MPO were significantly higher in patients of ACS as compared to those in control group [medians: 15.40 (95 % CI 11.06–20.84) vs 5.84 (95 % CI 5.50–6.44)]. By taking the cut off as >11.87 U/mL for MPO, its sensitivity was 87 % (95 % CI 73.7–95.1), specificity was 97.3 % (95 % CI 90.6–99.7), positive predictive value was 94.6 % and negative predictive value was 92.6 %. Positive likelihood ratio was 33.0 while negative likelihood ratio was 0.13, whereas the corresponding values in case of hs-cTnT were 95.6 % (95 % CI 85.2–99.5), 61.3 % (95 % CI 49.5–72.6), 59.7 %, 95.8 %, 2.47 and 0.07 by taking cut off as >14 pg/ml. The area under the ROC curves (AUC) of MPO and hscTnT at 0–6 h were 0.971 (95 % CI 0.92–0.99, P < 0.001) and 0.797 (95 % CI 0.71–0.86, P < 0.001) respectively. The logistic model combining the two markers yielded sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value and negative predictive value of 95.7, 97.3, 98.2 and 93.7 % respectively. It was concluded that MPO and hs-cTnT may be useful tools for risk stratification of ACS and can be used together with better accuracy in the early diagnosis of ACS. 相似文献
18.
P. Subash 《Indian journal of clinical biochemistry : IJCB》2016,31(2):185-193
The objective of the present study was to investigate the antioxidant status and the extent of oxidative DNA damage in lymphocytes and their relation with essential hypertension (EHT). A total of 100 South Indian subjects aged 30–65 were included for the study. Of these 50 were normotensive controls (group-1) with blood pressure ≥120/80 mm Hg, 50 were newly diagnosed (group-2) and were not on any antihypertensive drugs, but had systolic blood pressure ranging between 140 and 160 mmHg and diastolic blood pressure 95–100 mmHg and 50 newly diagnosed essential hypertensive patients underwent drug therapy for 1 year was considered as group-3. Enzymatic and non-enzymatic antioxidants significantly decreased and lymphocyte DNA damage was significantly increased in newly diagnosed hypertensive patients compared with control group. The major decrease in DNA damage and significant improvement in enzymatic and non-enzymatic antioxidants were observed after 1 year of antihypertensive therapy in treated group compared with newly diagnosed hypertensive patients. Total antioxidant status and lymphocyte DNA damage showed a strong negative correlation in all the three groups. Essential hypertension associated with oxidative stress which in turn causes genotoxic susceptibility to variety of disease including cancer. In the absence of DNA repair process and DNA checkpoint mechanisms, the genomic integrity is susceptible to extensive damage. In our study, increased oxidative DNA damage and decreased antioxidant levels were frequently observed in the newly diagnosed essential hypertensive patients, suggesting that oxidative stress is important in the pathogenesis of EHT. Therefore, the present study has additional clinical implication. Further investigations with large number of patients along with antioxidant supplement are highly warranted. 相似文献
19.
With the proliferation of online content service industry, understanding the factors affecting consumer intention to purchase online content services has become an important issue for academics and practitioners. While previous research has suggested that consumers’ perceived value and moral judgment are two main factors influencing behavioral intention to purchase online content services, few studies have explored what drives perceived value and if customers’ ethical self-efficacy will moderate the effect of perceived value on purchase intention. Thus, based on the value-based adoption model and previous literature, this study explores the antecedents of perceived value and the moderating effect of ethical self-efficacy for online piracy (ESEOP) on the relationship between perceived value and purchase intention in the context of online content services. Data collected from 124 respondents in Taiwan are tested against the research model using the partial least squares (PLS) approach. The results indicate that perceived enjoyment, perceived usefulness, perceived fee, and ESEOP have a significant influence on perceived value and that ESEOP can enhance the positive effect of perceived value on purchase intention. The findings of this study provide several important theoretical and practical implications for consumer online content purchase behaviors. 相似文献
20.
国内随着2004年网购的兴起,研究在线商品评论的文章开始逐年增多,本研究尝试利用文献计量学的方法对国内在线商品评论的学术文献进行统计分析,以探寻该领域的研究热点。以CNKI期刊全文数据库为数据来源,以BlueMC和SPSS软件为工具,对国内在线评论文献的关键词,通过词云图聚类和共词分析探索研究热点。提炼出在线评论研究的4个基本分析单元：内容、技术、用户、应用;五大研究热点：口碑传播效应、信息服务与使用、口碑传播心理、信息质量评估和知识挖掘与发现;以及三大研究层面：形态层面、受众层面和效果层面,为把握在线评论的研究现状和相关内容的进一步研究奠定了基础。 相似文献