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以汉语协作性和独立性成语词为实验材料,运用任务分离研究范式及间接证明逻辑,通过3(加工类型)×2(成语词)×2(测验)混合析因设计,将直接测量(再认任务)和间接测量(偏好判断任务)在形式上进行匹配,考察大学生运动员汉语协作性和独立性成语词认知的内隐成分。结果表明:加工类型对被试的再认测验和偏好测验有不同的影响,即出现了实验性分离;大学生运动员的协作性和独立性具有内隐成分,且内隐协作性强于内隐独立性;验证了前人有关内隐认知的研究;进一步假设内隐认知的深入研究有可能从无意识维度、实证性为基础对运动员人格特征进行研究。 相似文献
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现代体育对个体竞争性影响的内隐认知研究 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
实验采用Jacoby的加工分离程序(PDP)，考察了大学体育专业和普通专业学生被试对良性竞争语词、过度竞争语词和中性词三类刺激材料内隐与外显记忆贡献，结果表明：个体竞争性具有内隐特征，且同样具有良性竞争性和过度竞争性两个维度；个体竞争性的两个维度具有更强的内隐性特征；在良性竞争性维度上没有表现出专业差别，但在过度竞争性维度上仅在意识提取贡献上表现出有显著的专业差别，而在无意识提取贡献上没有明显的专业差别；体育社会问题的内隐研究为今后体育社会研究的新视角。 相似文献
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运动环境对运动员竞争意识影响的实验研究 总被引：1，自引：1，他引：0
采用加工分离程序(PDP),考察运动员被试对良性竞争语词、过度竞争语词和中性词3类刺激材料内隐与外显记忆贡献。结果表明:运动员竞争性具有内隐特征,且具有良性竞争性和过度竞争性两个维度;不论性别如何,都表现出无意识性提取贡献小于意识性提取贡献,即运动员内隐竞争性在两个维度上都具有较强的外显性特征;在内隐良性竞争性维度上,没有明显的性别差异。但在内隐过度竞争性维度上,表现出明显的性别差异,且这一差别仅反映在意识提取贡献与无意识提取贡献之间;运动员人格特征的内隐研究为这一领域研究的新视角。 相似文献
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冷静 《体育科技文献通报》2010,18(3):125-129
采用内隐联想测验（IAT）考察了08奥运广告宣传片对大学生内隐体育态度的影响,结果显示,从总体上看,大学生在内隐体育态度现状上表现出对体育运动的明显偏好;男女大学生在内隐体育态度的现状上均表现出对体育运动的明显偏好;男女大学生内隐体育态度现状无显著差异;总体而言,08奥运广告宣传片对大学生内隐体育态度无显著影响,对女大学生的内隐体育态度无显著影响,但对男大学生的内隐体育态度影响显著,表现出显著的性别差异。 相似文献
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通过内隐偏好测验对沈阳体育学院大学生内隐攻击性特点进行研究.研究结果显示:攻击性图片对体育大学生内隐攻击性有明显的启动效应,被试有明显的攻击倾向.建议大学生要培养仁爱之心,警惕信仰危机,以及由此引发的道德危机;适当而合理地进行体育运动,让人本身固有的内隐攻击倾向得到合理的宣泄. 相似文献
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社会赞许能否调节内隐认知与外显认知的关系 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
自Greenwald(1995)[1]提出内隐联结测验以来,内隐认知成为社会认知研究的热点。在已往研究中,内隐认知(含内隐态度和内隐自尊)和外显认知(含外显态度和外显自尊)存在低相关,但是这个相关系数在一定范围内存在波动。本文将通过两个研究来探究这一波动背后的原因,即寻找影响两者关系的第三变量——社会赞许。研究一:探测了34名在校大学生的社会赞许倾向、内隐自尊和外显自尊。结果显示受社会赞许影响不同的人,内隐自尊和外显自尊相关系数存在数值上的高低差异,但这个差异没有达到显著效果。另外,受社会赞许影响不同的两组被试在外显自尊维度上存在显著差异。研究二:探测了45名体育大学优秀运动员对兴奋剂和普通饮料的内隐、外显态度。结果显示对服用兴奋剂和服用普通饮料这两种受社会赞许影响不同的行为,被试的内隐和外显态度的相关有细微差异,但这个差异也没有达到显著效果。另外,这两种行为态度,在外显态度的维度上存在显著差异。上述两个研究的结果显示社会赞许对内隐认知和外显认知的关系的调节作用不显著,文中讨论了这一结果产生的原因。 相似文献
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研究从体育锻炼的角度,运用内隐认知的研究方法探讨内隐幸福感作为独立心理结构与外显幸福感的分离,以及体育锻炼对内隐与外显幸福感的影响作用.研究以大学生为被试,使用IAT程序测量内隐幸福感,用“主观幸福感量表”和“体育活动量表”测量外显主观幸福感和体育锻炼情况.结果表明:1)内隐幸福感和外显幸福感属于两种独立的心理结构;2)体育锻炼不影响个体内隐幸福感的状态变化,但能够调节个体外显幸福感水平. 相似文献
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研究目的:研究大学生心理健康状况出发,主要通过心理测验探讨大学生心理健康与身体素质和运动能力的关系,为深化高校体育教学改革提供有关依据.
研究方法:测试对象、心理测验方法、90项重状自评量表(SCL-90)测验、体育态度韦尔(wear)等价式量表(A)测验、身体素质测量评价. 相似文献
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This study examined the effect of carbohydrate ingestion on metabolic and performance-related responses during and after a simulated 1h cycling time trial. Eight trained male cyclists (VO 2 peak = 66.5ml kg -1 min -1 ) rode their own bicycles mounted on a windload simulator to imitate real riding conditions. At a self-selected maximal pace, the cyclists performed two 1h rides (separated by 7 days) and were fed either an 8% carbohydrate or placebo solution. The beverages were administered 25 min before (4.5ml kg -1 ) and at the end (4.5ml kg -1 ) of the ride. With carbohydrate feeding, plasma glucose tended (P = 0.21) to rise before the time trial. Compared with rest, the plasma glucose concentration decreased significantly (P < 0.05) at the end of both rides, with no statistically significant difference being observed between treatments. Thereafter, plasma glucose increased significantly (P < 0.05) at 15 and 30 min into recovery, and was significantly higher at 30 min during the carbohydrate trial compared with the placebo trial. No significant changes in plasma free fatty acids were observed during the ride. However, a significant increase (P < 0.05) in free fatty acids was found at 15 and 30 min into recovery, with no difference between trials. Mean power output was significantly (P < 0.05) greater during the carbohydrate compared with the placebo trial (mean - S.E.: 277-3 and 269-3W, respectively). The greater distance covered in the carbohydrate compared with the placebo trial (41.5-1.06 and 41.0–1.06km, respectively; P < 0.05) was equivalent to a 44s improvement. We conclude that pre-exercise carbohydrate ingestion significantly increases endurance performance in trained cyclists during a 1h simulated time trial. Although the mechanism for this enhancement in performance with carbohydrate ingestion cannot be surmised from the present results, it could be related to a higher rate of carbohydrate oxidation, or to favourable effects of carbohydrate ingestion on the central component of fatigue. 相似文献
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Roy J. Shephard 《Journal of sports sciences》2013,31(7):603-620
The biology and medicine of rowing are briefly reviewed. Effort in a 2000 -m race is about 70% aerobic. Because the boat (and in some instances a cox) must be propelled, successful competitors are very tall, with a large lean mass and aerobic power. Large hearts may lead to erroneous diagnoses of a cardiomyopathy. Large respiratory minute volumes must be developed by chest muscles that are also involved in rowing. The vital capacity is typically large, and breathing becomes entrained. Expiration cannot be slowed relative to inspiration (as normally occurs at high rates of ventilation) and the limiting flow velocity may be reached, with the potential for airway collapse. Performance is strongly related to the power output at the ‘anaerobic threshold’, and lactate measures provide a guide to an appropriate intensity of endurance training. Peak blood lactate levels are higher in males (commonly 11–19 mmol·l -1 and occasionally as high as 25 mmol·l -1) than in females (9–11 mmol·l -1), probably because males have a greater muscle mass in relation to blood volume. The skeletal muscles are predominantly slow twitch in type, developing an unusual force and power at low contraction velocities. Many rowers have a suboptimal diet, eating excessive amounts of fat. Lightweight rowers also have problems of weight cycling. Aerobic power and muscle endurance often change by 10% over the season, but such fluctuations can be largely avoided by a well-designed winter training programme. Injuries include back and knee problems, tenosynovitis of the wrist and, since the introduction of large blades, fractures of the costae. 相似文献
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重新认识体育的社会关联 总被引：3，自引：1，他引：2
体育与政治之间存在一个悖论，体育的发展与经济实力之间没有直线相关，体育与教育部分重叠，体育与宗教最为近缘，体育可借用科学手段，体育的艺术禀性日益明显，体育与养生反映着两种人生观。 相似文献
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本文在专家访谈、问卷调查、数理统计和文献资料分析的基础上,探析了上海社区体育竞赛参与者的特点、参与者对社区体育赛事运作管理的看法等问题。在此基础上从引进社区体育赛事的志愿者、整合社区体育赛事的各种资源、开发社区体育竞赛的无形资产、组建非营利性的专业团队、规范社区体育赛事的服务管理等方面提出了进一步满足上海社区居民日益增长的体育竞赛参赛需求的对策与措施。 相似文献
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对全面把握游泳训练环节的探讨 总被引：4，自引：0，他引：4
从系统观点出发,结合训练实践,对全面把握游泳训练环节进行探讨。认为应强化非智力因素在运动员多年训练中的作用,在育材全过程中不断选材,从整体上把握动态训练的全过程,把培养高水平运动员的整个过程置于一个严格的科学控制之下。 相似文献
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影响和限制耐力性运动项目的成绩的生理因素是复杂的和多方面的,取决于训练的强度和运动成绩.大强度持续性运动可导致呼吸肌疲劳.运动性呼吸疲劳可能在决定运动耐量方面起到关键的作用：一方面通过直接影响运动肌力量的生成（外周疲劳）,另一方面,通过肢体用力自感不安反馈引起工作肌运动单位输出功率下降（中枢疲劳）.对呼吸肌进行训练,可能有助于提高耐力性项目的运动成绩. 相似文献
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青少年业余足球运动员运动倾向性5因素结构模型初探 总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3
根据Scanlan等人最新提出的运动倾向性理论模型,结合我国实际情况建立了青少年足球运动员运动倾向性5因素结构模型。运动倾向性被定义为:渴望和决心继续参加足球运动的心理状态。所建立的5因素结构模型认为,运动倾向性是由运动乐趣、参与选择、个人投入、社会约束及参与机会5个因素决定。经确定5个决定因素和运动倾向性的操作定义,编制了相应调查问卷,通过对北京市252名青少年足球运动员实测结果,建立运动倾向性及其影响因素的协方差结构模型,用Lisre 18分析的结果表明:该运动倾向性模型比较符合北京青少年足球运动员。其中运动乐趣、个人投入、参与机会和参与选择4因素对运动倾向性有影响;社会约束对运动倾向性影响不大。 相似文献
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The aim of this study was to assess the sensitivity of the lactate minimum speed test to changes in endurance fitness resulting from a 6 week training intervention. Sixteen participants (mean +/- s :age 23 +/- 4 years;body mass 69.7 +/- 9.1 kg) completed 6 weeks of endurance training. Another eight participants (age 23 +/- 4 years; body mass 72.7 +/-12.5 kg) acted as non-training controls. Before and after the training intervention, all participants completed: (1) a standard multi-stage treadmill test for the assessment of VO 2max , running speed at the lactate threshold and running speed at a reference blood lactate concentration of 3 mmol.l -1 ; and (2) the lactate minimum speed test, which involved two supramaximal exercise bouts and an 8 min walking recovery period to increase blood lactate concentration before the completion of an incremental treadmill test. Additionally, a subgroup of eight participants from the training intervention completed a series of constant-speed runs for determination of running speed at the maximal lactate steady state. The test protocols were identical before and after the 6 week intervention. The control group showed no significant changes in VO 2max , running speed at the lactate threshold, running speed at a blood lactate concentration of 3 mmol.l -1 or the lactate minimum speed.In the training group, there was a significant increase in VO 2max (from 47.9 +/- 8.4 to 52.2 +/- 2.7 ml.kg -1 .min -1 ), running speed at the maximal lactate steady state (from 13.3 +/- 1.7 to 13.9 +/- 1.6 km.h -1 ), running speed at the lactate threshold (from 11.2 +/- 1.8 to 11.9 +/- 1.8 km.h -1 ) and running speed at a blood lactate concentration of 3 mmol.l -1 (from 12.5 +/- 2.2 to 13.2 +/- 2.1 km.h -1 ) (all P ? 0.05). Despite these clear improvements in aerobic fitness, there was no significant difference in lactate minimum speed after the training intervention (from 11.0 +/- 0.7 to 10.9 +/- 1.7 km.h -1 ). The results demonstrate that the lactate minimum speed,when assessed using the same exercise protocol before and after 6 weeks of aerobic exercise training, is not sensitive to changes in endurance capacity. 相似文献