共查询到20条相似文献，搜索用时 296 毫秒
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LI Hua-de LI Yi-cheng 《湖北招生考试》2008,(12)
近年来,国家级考试中频繁发生作弊行为,折射出考试法律缺位问题。规范考试管理,实行依法治考,需要通过制定考试法,以规范和制约考试设置和实施中的公权力,维护公民参加考试的权利,平衡各考试主体之间的权利义务关系,保障考试的公平公正和安全有序进行。 相似文献
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国家教育考试是选拔人才的主要手段。欧美等国十分重视对教育考试质量与公平的研究,形成了许多有影响力的教育考试标准,这是教育考试公平和质量的重要保障。研究选取了美国心理协会、教育研究会、全美教育测量协会联合制定的标准,美国教育考试服务中心制定的标准,欧洲测试协会制定的两个标准,欧洲国际语言测试协会制定的两个标准,共计6个国际教育考试标准。通过编码研究,发现它们共同呈现出的国际特点为:一是突出基于证据的考试测量决策与操作;二是强调对考试分数的有效解释;三是公平与质量是共识性最高的价值取向;四是考试标准不具有明显的本土化特征。除了特点以外,研究还总结了国际教育考试标准呈现出的趋势:一是考试质量与公平标准多由测试协会主导制定;二是兼顾测试公平性原则和测试行为准则;三是所有考试利益相关者承担维护的协作责任。教育考试在我国有着举足轻重的作用,这些特点与趋势为制定我国考试质量与公平标准提供了理论基础和技术支持,从而保障考试的公平与质量。 相似文献
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DAN Zhao-bin WU Ji-sheng 《湖北招生考试》2008,(12)
考试在我国有着重要的社会功能,考试不但促进社会流动,而且直接关系到社会的稳定。在考试社会中,国家考试政策、考试信息的发布和每个人的切身利益密切相关,于是考试知情权便应运而生。考试知情权涉及5个方面的内容:考试知情权的涵义;考生行使考试知情权的价值;考生行使考试知情权的现实冲突;制定一部保障考生考试知情权的《考试信息公开法》;对制定我国《考试信息公开法》的建议。 相似文献
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蒋后强 《西南师范大学学报(人文社会科学版)》2005,31(4):77-83
公民参考权是公民受教育权的重要组成部分。国家教育考试秩序是公民参考权得以实现的制度保障。国家教育考试管理模式选择是国家教育考试立法的关键。借鉴国外考试管理的经验，《国家教育考试法》应该将我国教育考试管理机构和实施机构分离。国家教育行政部门只保留国家教育考试的机构审批权和监督管理权，从宏观上规划、调控国家教育考试制度的实施；考试实施机构定位为国家公益性机构，作为纯粹的社会考试机构；高等教育机构按照国家教育考试机构提供的结果招生或颁发证书。形成国家宏观管理、社会积极参与、高等教育机构自主办学的良性互动机制。 相似文献
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国家教育考试是社会生活的重要组成部分。相关部门对国家教育考试突发事件的处置能力已经成为确保考试安全、保障社会安定的关键因素之一。本文从技术层面,探讨国家教育考试实施过程中对突发事件的预防与控制策略,以期通过对预警技术、信息技术、监控技术、应急技术和法律技术的策略应用,在考试组织实施过程中发挥积极的预防、控制和保障作用。 相似文献
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回归祖国后，我国香港特区对教育考试执法进行了一系列改革，建立了融统一领导与监督制衡于一体的教育考试执法制度，取得不少成绩，如建立教育考试执法组织架构，构筑教育考试处罚种类体系，强化教育考试执法程序，完善教育考试执法复核监督机制。其经验可概括为：专业化复核监督体系是提升考试执法水平的组织保障，递进式考试处罚种类体系是彰显慎罚精神的制度保障，严密的考试执法程序是确保结果公正的实施保障。这些经验对于内地规范教育考试执法、提高考试法治化水平具有借鉴价值。 相似文献
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论文运用系统论方法对国家教育考试的现实状况进行全面分析,试图构建起国家教育考试安全保障体系,以全方位、多角度地保障国家教育考试安全。根据系统论的观点,国家教育考试是在社会系统下运行,其状态会受到多种要素的影响。通过对国家教育考试的系统分析,从政府、学校、考生、公众这四个方面构建了"四位一体"的国家教育考试安全保障体系。其中,政府重视是前提,学校教育是基础,考生自觉是关键,大众监督是保证。 相似文献
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School disciplines,social representations,and the construction of the didactics of history,geography, and civics 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
The author presents a concept of the didactics of history, geography, and civics that seeks to link, through a single dynamic, the civic, political, and social goals of school knowledge with everyday classroom practice and pupils' learning. Two concepts occupy the heart of this construction: those of school disciplines and social representations. The concept of school disciplines addresses the fact that school knowledge is a creation of the school, designed to enable it to achieve the social goals it is assigned. A school discipline is thus a particular combination of goals, content (in the form of shared knowledge), methods, and practices. The concept of social representations is a tool serving to analyze knowledge as theories of the natural and social world, its production, and its reception by the different actors involved. 相似文献
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Yaroslav Senyshyn 《Interchange》1995,26(2):105-126
This paper is a critical evaluation of what is believed by the author to be Kierkegaard's subjective, ambivalent, and arbitrary stereotyping of women. In particular, the paper examines the Kierkegaardian notion of equality, essential feminine characteristics, and finitude. The result is an attempt to apply Kierkegaard's ideas to those issues pertaining to inequality in musical performance; as well, a plea is made for the demystification of the notion of woman as whore or Madonna. 相似文献
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Jamel K. Donnor 《Peabody Journal of Education》2018,93(1):23-37
In this paper, I examine the use of litigation as a strategic tool of resistance for thwarting school desegregation. Utilizing Cowan v. Bolivar County Board of Education as a case study, I argue that, despite losing the constitutional right to racially segregate public schools according to an explicit white supremacist doctrine, whites in Bolivar County, Mississippi, were successful in stemming the impending tide of social change associated with school desegregation through litigation. Litigious resistance not only provided southern whites with a racially moderate epistemology for undermining school desegregation regionally, but their legal challenges to school desegregation also laid the groundwork for non-southern white animus toward all federal education policies that promoted racial inclusion. 相似文献
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William DeGenaro 《Community College Journal of Research & Practice》2013,37(7):529-545
Community college practitioners frequently bemoan negative or stereotypical representations of community college students and community college life in general in the popular media. Saturday Night Live skits and satirical news reports in The Onion enjoy poking fun at community colleges, while mainstream news outlets often fail to challenge stereotypes of community colleges as lacking academic rigor. Those frustrated by these portrayals should know that the press overwhelmingly lauded 2 year colleges during the early decades of the “junior college” movement. Such reporting celebrated the new institutions' missions, and praised their speedy growth as components of public education. In fact, the press often implied that these new campuses reflected an inevitable step in the evolution of American higher education. This paper analyzes media reports about public 2 year colleges (at the time called junior colleges) published during the 1920s and 1930s. The term junior college is used in this historical review since the term was common during the era in question. 相似文献
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借助功能语言学主位和主位推进模式有关理论来分析语篇的衔接、信息分布、连贯、语篇发展以及译者如何利用这些分析结果充分解读翻译源文,在以语篇为翻译单位时,采取何种相应的翻译对策,生成在功能和效果上与之相当的目的语语篇。 相似文献
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ELIYAHU ROSENOW 《Journal of Philosophy of Education》1993,27(2):209-220
ABSTRACT An examination of contemporary publications in the philosophy of education reveals that the authority of the teacher is being eroded. As teachers derive their authority from the democratic state and its compulsory education laws, the undermining of their authority indicates the undermining of the authority of the democratic state and its laws. A comparison between Plato and Dewey from this point of view reveals that this state of affairs is the upshot of the collision between the principle of authority and the principle of liberty, and that this collision constitutes the basic problem of democracy as well as of education for democracy. The challenge to contemporary education is consequently that of exploring ways leading to the rehabilitation of the authority of the teacher. 相似文献
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Becky Francis Louise Archer Julie Moote Jen de Witt Lucy Yeomans 《British Journal of Sociology of Education》2017,38(8):1097-1110
Hyper-femininity and the construction of the ‘girly girl’ label have been documented widely, but there has been less attention to their content (or any distinctions between these constructs). Indeed, it can be argued that the content of femininity remains a controversial and somewhat under-researched topic in feminist scholarship. This is also the case in relation to science, which has been widely characterised as a masculine terrain, but there has been less attention to why femininity is excluded from/by science. This article attempts to unpick some of these issues, with a particular focus on the construct of the ‘girly girl’, in relation to access to science. Drawing on qualitative data from the Economic and Social Research Council-funded ASPIRES 2 project, we analyse the discourses used by young people and parents in discussion of ‘girly girls’ and physics. We show the misogynist and excluding discourses projected onto the ‘girly girl’, and indeed that are used to interpolate femininity more broadly. We found that in discussions of science and (hyper-)femininity, even potentially positive feminine attributes were denigrated. Hyper-femininity was produced as ‘more than lack’: vacuous, but also a risible presence. In reflecting on our findings we consider whether femininity may be more derided in some discursive contexts (e.g. science discourse) than others, and whether femininity can or should be conceived as more than lack. 相似文献
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Maria Develaki 《Science & Education》2008,17(8-9):873-888
In view of the complex problems of this age, the question of the socio-ethical dimension of science acquires particular importance. We approach this matter from a philosophical and sociological standpoint, looking at such focal concerns as the motivation, purposes and methods of scientific activity, the ambivalence of scientific research and the concomitant risks, and the conflict between research freedom and external socio-political intervention. We then point out the impediments to the effectiveness of cross-disciplinary or broader meetings for addressing these complex problems and managing the associated risks, given the difficulty in communication between experts in different fields and non-experts, difficulties that education is challenged to help resolve. We find that the social necessity of informed decision-making on the basis of cross-disciplinary collaboration is reflected in the newer curricula, such as that of Greece, in aims like the acquisition of cross-subject knowledge and skills, and the ability to make decisions on controversial issues involving value conflicts. The interest and the reflections of the science education community in these matters increase its—traditionally limited—contribution to the theoretical debate on education and, by extension, the value of science education in the education system. 相似文献
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In the literature on the situated and distributed nature of cognition, the coordination of spatial organization and the structure of human practices and relations is accepted as a fact. To date, science educators have yet to build on such research. Drawing on an ethnographic study of high school students during an internship in a scientific research laboratory, which we understand as a “perspicuous setting” and a “smart setting,” in which otherwise invisible dimensions of human practices become evident, we analyze the relationship between spatial configurations of the setting and the nature and temporal organization of knowing and learning in science. Our analyses show that spatial aspects of the laboratory projectively organize how participants act and can serve as resources to help the novices to participate in difficult and unfamiliar tasks. First, existing spatial relations projectively organize the language involving interns and lab members. In particular, spatial relations projectively organize where and when pedagogical language should happen; and there are specific discursive mechanisms that produce cohesion in language across different places in the laboratory. Second, the spatial arrangements projectively organize the temporal dimensions of action. These findings allow science educators to think explicitly about organizing “smart contexts” that help learners participate in and learn complex scientific laboratory practices. 相似文献