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1.
Thorsten Busch 《Ethics and Information Technology》2011,13(4):339-353
This conceptual article discusses strategies of corporations in the information and communication technologies (ICT) sector and their role in the conflict over access to knowledge in the digital environment. Its main hypothesis is that ICT corporations are very capable actors when it comes to bridging digital divides in both developed and developing countries??maybe even the most capable actors. Therefore, it is argued that ICT corporations could use their capabilities to help citizens gain sustainable access to knowledge in order to enable them to lead self-sufficient lives. In a nutshell, capabilities are presented as both the input (capabilities of ICT corporations) as well as the output (capability building for empowering citizens) of corporate strategy-making focusing on fair ICT. Corporate citizenship is put forth as the theoretical concept bridging corporate strategies and access to knowledge: If ICT corporations act in accordance with their self-understanding of being ??good corporate citizens??, they could be crucial partners in lessening digital divides and helping citizens gain access to knowledge. From the perspective of ??integrative economic ethics?? (Ulrich 2008), it is argued that ICT corporations have good reason to actively empower citizens in both developed and developing countries by pursuing ??inclusive?? strategies in many fields, such as open-source software development. That way, ICT corporations could enable, support and provide citizens with capabilities enabling them to help themselves. In order to make inclusive business models work, the rules and regulations companies find themselves in today must enable them to act responsibly without getting penalized by more ruthless competitors. This article explores several cases from the ICT field to illustrate the interplay between a responsible business model and the rules and regulations of the industry. From a capabilities perspective, the most desirable mix of corporate strategies and industry regulation is one that results in the highest level of generativity (Zittrain 2008). Thus, ICT should not be closed systems only driven by the company behind them. Instead, they need to be open for the highest possible level of third-party innovation. 相似文献
2.
开放经济下区域间碳减排责任分摊研究 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
实现总体碳减排目标的关键,是科学合理地界定各子区域的减排责任,并依此将总体减排目标公平地分摊到各子区域。在开放经济下,由于产业结构和消费模式的差异,区域间贸易往来密切,使得商品的生产地和消费地出现分离,减排责任分摊方式存在争议。从受益公平和总体减排有效性出发,提出一种新的减排责任界定视角:即生产者和消费者共同环境责任视角。基于该视角,建立了区域间碳减排责任分摊模型。并对生产者环境责任视角、消费者环境责任视角和共同环境责任视角下的分摊结果进行了比较分析。 相似文献
3.
Green Information Systems (Green IS) emerged as a crucial area for research to reduce organizations/society’s carbon footprints and consequently, to achieve environment sustainability. This research paper provides an extensive systematic literature review in Green IS area to facilitate advance research in the area. The aim of the paper is to provide basic understanding of Green IS and to highlight the significant research conducted earlier in this area. Classification approach adopted to conduct the study, and the research area categorized under five segments namely: Green IS concept, innovation and technology, impact of green initiatives, measures and policies, and global context. These five categories were further divided into subcategories to provide in-depth and crystal clear review of literature. Accessible research articles, book chapters and reports from top ten databases Emerald, Science Direct, EBSCOhost, ACM digital Library, IEEE, JSTOR, ProQuest, Sage, Wiley online and Springer link were reviewed. Research propositions are provided for future significant research in this area. 相似文献
4.
畜禽粪便是农业温室气体排放的主要来源之一,合理的粪便管理方式可以降低温室气体排放,同时还能减少畜牧业环境污染.本文以湖北省为案例,通过对不同生猪养殖规模的调研,确定各自适宜的粪便处理模式.以IPCC(2006)中计算畜禽粪便温室气体排放的方法为基础,分析生猪粪便温室气体排放因子的现状和优化值,预测由粪便管理模式改进所带来的减排潜力.结果表明,在2012年的养殖规模和养殖模式不变的情况下,粪便管理优化后CH4排放因子仅为现状值的29.12%,N2O排放因子比现状减少34.13%,温室气体减排潜力可以达到468.31万t CO2-eq.不同养殖规模减排重点各有侧重,农户散养应以控制CH4排放为主,而规模养殖则需关注N2O减排.山区的减排重点为农户散养,其它地区则应关注规模养殖粪便管理模式的优化.结合区域自然条件和生猪养殖规模等选取合理的猪粪管理方式,是实现温室气体减排的有效措施. 相似文献
5.
低碳生态城市建设是我国处于城市化快速发展阶段,经济转型的重要举措之一,而对于城市社区既有建筑的绿色改造技术研究是关系到低碳生态城市建设的重要环节。然而现阶段缺乏系统性的低碳生态建设领域的公众认知情况研究和定量化的分析,因此本研究采用问卷调查和半结构式访谈的方法,针对低碳生态城市建设的相关内容、方法和技术,进行低碳生态城建设技术公众认知调查。结果表明,受访者普遍认同低碳生态城市与传统城市规划技术存在差异,认为差异主要存在于控制方式、规划目标、指导思想、信息化手段、规划流程、规划内容、保障体系等方面;认为对于城市片区绿色建筑规模化规划前期需要进行生态诊断与预评估,诊断和评估的对象包括,生态环境、低碳技术条件、能源高效利用与开发潜力、用地适宜性与开发潜力、建设可行性、居民需求和政策条件等方面;大于90％的受访者认为绿色建筑规模化规划评估应该纳入社会人文需求因素,如公共服务设施的便利性、公共空间可达性、社区宜居性、基础设施完备性、居民生活满意度、文脉传承、建筑开放度、就业机会等;27％的受访者认为政府应是低碳社区生态改造的主导者;13．5％的受访者认为是政府应该是社区改造的提倡者,还有少部分（10．8％）的受访者对于政府的定位为资助者。既有社区低碳生态化改造的内涵应包括能源系统改造,环境整治,历史印记保留,建筑物更新保护,拆迁安置等方面的重要内容。对于低碳生态城市的微循环技术体系如微降解、微能源、微冲击、微更生、微交通、微创业、微绿地和微调控等方面也具有一定的认知排序。通过研究结果可清晰地看出下阶段的低碳生态城市建设重点议题和关键方法,以便更好地促进低碳生态城市的可持续发展。 相似文献
6.
Information technology (IT) has transformed business practices in the last several decades: operations, product strategies, distribution, and customer service have become increasingly dependent on IT. Moreover, IT has changed its orientation from that of pure operational utility in the 1960s and 1970s to that of a competitive weapon in the 1990s and today. These phenomena have affected the way modern organizations are managed, as well as the way IT affects the strategic activities of an organization's value-chain.In particular, aligning an organization's business and IT strategies in order to deliver higher business performance presupposes a strategic business opportunity to which information systems technology is integral. In other words, Strategic Alignment between business and IT can have a positive business impact only if we see an organization's IT components as parts of a well-integrated organizational system. If business strategy is viewed separately from IT strategy or IT strategy is viewed only as a “support” tool, then there is little likelihood that the above positive impact of strategic alignment can take place.This research suggests, develops and tests a strategic co-alignment model by examining three types of integration that impact the planning process and the overall performance of information-intensive organizations: technological integration (TI), functional integration and strategic integration (SI).The results of this research yield some useful set of guidelines for theory building for IS, as well as for the business practice aspect of IS: most interesting is the role of consistency (co-alignment) between an organization's business and strategic information systems plans to improve overall firm performance. Other recommendations include having a high degree of involvement of IS executives in corporate planning, the use of outsourcing services to promote organizational systems integration, and the importance of internal coordination mechanisms to facilitate both systems consistency and lower transaction costs. Finally, this study has employed cluster analysis and discriminant analysis to interpret the research findings. 相似文献
7.
Government, major information and communications technology (ICT) companies, and educational institutions in the United Kingdom currently claim that ICT skills training offers inclusion into the new economy. We focus on a private-public training initiative and its impact on the socially excluded, specifically lone women parents. Narrative data from four United Kingdom educational sites participating in this computer network engineer training program highlight a systemic paradox: that ICT skills development initiatives designed to support lone women parents are simultaneously working in opposition to broader policy goals such as work-life balance and ironically serve to reproduce the participants' classification as socially excluded. The assumptions underpinning the model of social inclusion driving the ICT skills training course are analyzed critically using the concepts of community of practice, classificatory systems, and marginalization. Our findings suggest that ICT training courses and initiatives should be accompanied by changes in pedagogic practice that accommodate the more wide-ranging needs of those targeted for inclusion, as well as changes in employment settings. We conclude by exploring the implications of this for government policy formation, business vendor qualifications, the design of ICT skills training initiatives, and our understanding of the role of ICT skills in overcoming the digital divide. 相似文献
8.
Charles Steinfield Robert LaRose Han Ei Chew Stephanie Tom Tong 《The Information Society》2013,29(2):110-120
This study examines the relationships between information and communication technologies (ICT) usage, the benefits a company derives from membership in a rural business cluster, and the success of rural companies. Analysis of 333 rural businesses located in northern lower Michigan showed a strong relationship between (a) ICT adoption and benefits derived from the membership in business clusters, (b) ICT adoption and self-reported business success, and (c) benefits derived from business clusters and business success. Although analysis indicates that these relationships may be industry specific, results suggest that ICT adoption by rural enterprises may have advantages for the region's social capital and business success and may help reduce the digital divide experienced in rural communities. 相似文献
9.
美国加州于2006年通过《加州应对全球变暖法案》(AB32)提出建立碳交易制度,并于2012年正式启动碳交易市场。法律法规在加州碳交易市场的运行中有着至关重要的作用。本文重点阐述了加州碳排放权交易市场的法律基础与框架,包括碳交易制度的立法进程和法律依据、碳交易市场运行的法律规定、碳交易制度当前的法律风险和诉讼,并在此基础上对中国碳交易试点的法制建设提出可行性建议。 相似文献
10.
【目的/意义】大数据时代对各领域信息检索系统检索模型查准率提出了较高要求。然而,现阶段对于传统检索模型的相关研究陷入瓶颈,表现为近若干年被提出的相关模型查准率提升幅度小,无法较好满足当前用户对于精准查询的需求。由此,高查准率检索模型亟待探索。近年来,一种基于数字信号处理理论的新型检索模型构架（Digital Signal Processing Framework:DSPF）被提出。同时,基于该模型构架的检索模型已被验证相较于传统检索模型具备显著的查准率优势。【方法/过程】据此,本研究基于数字信号处理理论构架,引入了经典概率模型F2LOG与F2EXP的词项权重计算方法,提出了模型DSPF-F2LOG与DSPF-F2EXP。为验证其查准率,本研究通过实验法,基于多种不同类型的标准数据集,采用多项查准率指标,将其与多个经典检索模型进行查准率对比分析。【结果/结论】实验结果表明,本研究所提模型较经典检索模型普遍具备更高查准率,且至少与当前查准率最高的基于数字信号处理理论的检索模型具备相当的查准率表现。本研究所提出的两个高查准率DSP模型可有效提高当前各领域信息检索系统对于非结构化文本的查准率。... 相似文献
11.
Bernd Carsten Stahl 《Ethics and Information Technology》2006,8(3):97-108
Critical research is becoming increasingly accepted as a valid approach to research in information systems. It is deemed to be particularly suitable for situations where researchers want to address conspicuous injustice, such as in areas of development or the digital divide. Critical research in information systems (CRIS), I will argue, is a possible approach to some of the ethical problems arising in the context of information and communication technology (ICT). It can be sensitive to the question of culture and therefore suitable for researching cross-cultural ethical questions in ICT. It is often unclear, however, what exactly critical research stands for and to what extent critical approaches are applicable across cultural boundaries. This paper will address these problems by proposing a definition of critical research as focused on changing the status quo and aiming for emancipation. It will then look at the question whether different cultures are compatible and comparable and what the role of culture in research on information systems is. The paper will then return to the question whether the critical intention to emancipate and empower humans is an expression of cultural imperialism or whether there are valid ways of promoting emancipation across cultural divides. 相似文献
12.
ICT应用,侧重现代信息技术与交流沟通。如何有效应用ICT增加日语课堂的活力,在本课题中以“旅游日语”课堂为试点,进行实践研究。在教改研究设计上首先进行问卷调查,其次,主要是围绕应用ICT的各个学习项目与技能目标的达成,进行课程环节的创新。最后,是对中外文献的研读与理论总结,以及对实践论证的问卷、数据分析汇总。利用数码网络信息资源,建立一个集存取、下载、师生动态交流功能于一体的“旅游日语”教学资源库。 相似文献
13.
Aldred H. Neufeldt James Watzke Gary Birch Denise Buchner 《The Information Society》2007,23(3):169-181
This article examines challenges of engaging the business/industry sector in research on the use of information technology to enhance accessibility for people with disabilities in two areas of common interest—to employment and to public and retail services. The data presented arise from the joint effort of two research teams who independently encountered challenges in engaging private sector firms in their respective projects. Using a case study approach, the experiences of both groups were examined for themes representing factors that inhibited collaboration between research and business sectors, and those that enhanced collaboration. Trustworthiness of themes was established by submitting them for critique and feedback to key informants knowledgeable in both business and research. From a social systems theory perspective, findings suggest that the most important differences between research and business systems reside in the meaning of communication each uses, and differences in assumptions about and value placed on factors such as pursuit of new knowledge, the importance of marketability of findings, and so on. Additional complications arise in pursuit of research related to disability. Factors to build on when seeking research collaboration include an understanding of the language and culture of business systems, and the very real possibility of developing disability research into secondary goals that business systems typically pursue once the prime need for profitability has been at addressed (the notion of satisficing). Implications for communication between disability research and business systems are identified. 相似文献
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15.
网络技术环境给传统图书馆的信息服务带来了影响。图书馆应加强馆藏资源与网络资源建设,改变传统藏书建设思想,开发利用网络信息资源,建立有本馆特色的文献数据库;馆际之间要实现文献资源共享、分工协作,深化信息服务内容。 相似文献
16.
Mobile information services have revolutionized business models and service delivery methods by facilitating consumer access to information and order placement via mobile apps. In developed markets, mobile banking (m-banking) and mobile payment (m-payment) applications have replaced text-based mobile services. However, extant research has not addressed these mobile financial services apps (MFSAs) adequately from the perspective of consumer behavior. Thus, the present study developed and tested a series of hypotheses related to the antecedents of perceived value of MFSA use; it also examined how such use affects the development of customers’ overall relationships with banks. Our hypotheses were tested using two samples (N = 992; N = 524) comprising different types of MFSA end-users in one of the leading countries in digital banking, Finland. The results supported most of the hypotheses and revealed that self-congruence and new product novelty are the principal drivers of perceived MFSA value. In addition, the findings show that the perceived value of MFSAs yields strong positive effects on customers’ overall satisfaction and commitment to their bank. The present study’s key managerial implication is that banks’ investments in developing MFSAs result in improved relationships with customers and increased business. 相似文献
17.
Inge Røpke 《Research Policy》2012,41(9):1631-1642
Information and communication technology (ICT) can be seen as a general-purpose technology with wide-ranging socio-economic and environmental implications across sectors. ICTs also constitute a system of technologies with stronger internal links since the emergence of the Internet and broadband as a new information infrastructure. The new infrastructure has co-evolved with widespread integration of ICTs in everyday life, and consumer demand has been decisive for ICT innovation. This article explores the environmental directionality of ICT innovation and the broadband transition, focusing mainly on energy impacts. It is argued that much innovation tends to develop in an unsustainable direction and that public regulation falls far short of the challenge. Transition theory is applied to analyze the background for the unsustainable development and the reasons why environmental concerns do not figure more prominently in the broadband transition. Finally, it is discussed how the direction of ICT innovation could be influenced in order to realize more of the positive sustainability potential. 相似文献
18.
试图回答数字金融如何促进工业经济绿色转型的问题.运用北京大学数字普惠金融指数和2011—2018年我国30个省份的面板数据,对数字金融影响工业经济绿色转型的作用效果、作用机制等进行理论分析与实证检验,结果表明数字金融显著促进工业经济绿色转型,同时无论是数字金融的综合指数层面还是覆盖率指数、使用深度指数以及数字化程度指数层面,对工业经济绿色转型都具有显著的促进作用;机制分析表明数字金融促进工业经济绿色转型主要通过提高工业绿色技术研发能力和水平、提高工业企业经营绩效等途径机制予以实现;进一步研究表明,数字金融一方面通过提高工业企业融资效率进而提高其绿色技术研发能力和水平,从而促进工业经济绿色转型,另一方面通过提高工业企业创新创业水平进而提高其经营绩效水平,从而促进工业经济绿色转型.根据研究结论,提出努力提高数字金融发展水平,特别是提高数字金融的覆盖面积、使用深度以及数字化程度,支持工业行业创新创业发展,以及加强数字金融与新金融业态协同配合、促进数字技术与金融业务深度融合等对策建议. 相似文献
19.
The COVID-19 pandemic has forced many organisations to undergo significant transformation, rethinking key elements of their business processes and use of technology to maintain operations whilst adhering to a changing landscape of guidelines and new procedures. This study offers a collective insight to many of the key issues and underlying complexities affecting organisations and society from COVID-19, through an information systems and technological perspective. The views of 12 invited subject experts are collated and analysed where each articulate their individual perspectives relating to: online learning, digital strategy, artificial intelligence, information management, social interaction, cyber security, big data, blockchain, privacy, mobile technology and strategy through the lens of the current crisis and impact on these specific areas. The expert perspectives offer timely insight to the range of topics, identifying key issues and recommendations for theory and practice. 相似文献
20.
论孵化器的信息服务及信息服务体系建设 总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3
信息服务滞后是我国孵化器发展中存在的核心问题，也是解决其它问题的症结所在。企业孵化器要搞好信息服务，首先要准确把握和正确认识孵化企业的信息需求；其次，要建立健全企业孵化器信息服务体系；最后，要通过各种手段提供有效的具体服务。 相似文献