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1.
Corporate dynamic transparency: the new ICT-driven ethics? 总被引：1，自引：1，他引：0
The term “corporate transparency” is frequently used in scholarly discussions of business ethics and corporate social responsibility
(CSR); however, it remains a volatile and imprecise term, often defined incompletely as “information disclosure” accomplished
through standardized reporting. Based on the results of empirical studies of organizational behaviors, this paper identifies
a new set of managerial practices based on the use of information and communication technologies (ICT) and particularly Internet-based
tools. These practices are resulting in what can be termed “dynamic transparency.” ICT allows for an informational environment
characterized by two-way exchange between corporations and their stakeholders, which fosters a more collaborative marketplace.
It is proposed that such dynamic information sharing, conducted by means of ICT, drives organizations to display greater openness
and accountability, and more transparent operations, which benefit both the corporations and their constituents. One of the
most important outcomes that will accrue to consumers and other individuals is the “right to know,” especially about corporate
strategies and activities that might directly affect their quality of life. This paper demonstrates that dynamic transparency
is more desirable and more effective than the more common “static transparency” where firms’ information disclosure is one-way,
usually in response to government regulation. We present three ethical arguments to justify the implementation by business
firms of dynamic transparency and demonstrate that their doing so is related to CSR and to augment and complement stakeholder
engagement and dialogue. The paper concludes with a summary of the possible limits to and the problems involved in the implementation
of dynamic transparency for corporations, and suggests some strategies to counter them. 相似文献
2.
Emilio Mordini David Wright Kush Wadhwa Paul De Hert Eugenio Mantovani Jesper Thestrup Guido Van Steendam Antonio D’Amico Ira Vater 《Ethics and Information Technology》2009,11(3):203-220
The ageing society poses significant challenges to Europe’s economy and society. In coming to grips with these issues, we
must be aware of their ethical dimensions. Values are the heart of the European Union, as Article 1a of the Lisbon Treaty
makes clear: “The Union is founded on the values of respect for human dignity…”. The notion of Europe as a community of values
has various important implications, including the development of inclusion policies. A special case of exclusion concerns
the gap between those people with effective access to digital and information technology and those without access to it, the
“digital divide”, which in Europe is chiefly age-related. Policies to overcome the digital divide and, more generally speaking,
e-inclusion policies addressing the ageing population raise some ethical problems. Among younger senior citizens, say those
between 65 and 80 years old, the main issues are likely to be universal access to ICT and e-participation. Among the older
senior citizens, say those more than 80 years old, the main issues are mental and physical deterioration and assistive technology.
An approach geared towards the protection of human rights could match the different needs of senior citizens and provide concrete
guidance to evaluate information technologies for them. 相似文献
3.
This exploratory study investigates value co-destruction in the Business-to-Business (B2B) context and examines the impact of actors’ opportunistic behaviour on value co-creation. The research undertakes an in-depth case study based approach. It uses data triangulation, where multiple sources of evidence (interviews, conference audio recordings and documents) are collected from the case organisation (a vendor) and its service ecosystem partners in the ICT sector. The partners included in the study are distributors, channel partners, competitors, and customers. B2B alliances are driven by the motivations to maximise strategic value and minimise transaction cost. Thus, using the ecosystem lens, we find that actors’ capabilities (resources and perceived value), vendor's approach to achieving strategic benefit and the channel governance mechanism enable value co-creation. However, using the transaction cost theory lens, we report that actors’ opportunistic behaviour, technological disruptions and new business model challenges lead to value co-destruction (in the form of termination of relationship, conflict and business liquidation). Alliance partners need to evaluate the strategic benefits of collaboration, knowledge sharing, learning, trust building, market expansion and technology sharing, considering partners’ self-serving behaviour driven by transaction cost economies. All ecosystem actors are seeking to develop capabilities, exhibit knowledge differentiators, demonstrate technology leadership, reduce uncertainty and respond to new business model challenges thus causing value co-destruction. Thus, this research is more encompassing because it explores factors that lead to both value co-creation and co-destruction. 相似文献
4.
企业的动态能力和可持续发展已是学术探讨的一个重要命题。可持续发展作为一种管理趋势,在现代组织战略管理中发挥着日益重要的作用。但现有文献对于如何将可持续发展更加动态化同时与企业战略相结合转化为企业绩效及其过程研究较为匮乏。本研究基于资源管理视角,通过收集163个企业管理人员调研数据并使用最小二乘结构方程模型进行建模（PLS-SEM）分析了动态可持续能力对企业可持续绩效的全面影响及其内在机制。研究结果显示：动态可持续能力由监控、捕获和重构能力构成,动态可持续能力对企业可持续绩效各维度具有显著正向影响,资源管理能力部分中介动态可持续能力与企业环境和社会绩效的关系,但对经济绩效没有中介效应。本研究丰富了动态能力和可持续发展理论,并为企业在面对可持续发展问题时提供有效的经营管理建议。 相似文献
5.
This article critically assesses the policy orientation, social impacts, and linkages of telecommunications in the United States within a government deregulated policy environment and an increasingly globalized economy. Deregulation has been driven by both ideological and technological demands, stemming from several political and economic transformations in the world economy, the collapse of state socialism in eastern Europe and the former Soviet Union, and greater oligopolistic competition among transnational corporations. An expanded infrastructure of new digital information and communications technology (ICT) is the foundation of a worldwide political economic regime of accumulation. ICT increases command and control capabilities of large corporations, together with the mobility and liquidity of capital, making it essential to the restructuring of the world economy, the new international division of labor, and the creation of global "information city" networks. At the same time, government deregulation and rapid technological change are associated with a number of spatial, economic, and social dualisms. 相似文献
6.
In the face of ubiquitous information communication technology, the presence of blogs, personal websites, and public message
boards give the illusion of uncensored criticism and discussion of the ethical implications of business activities. However,
little attention has been paid to the limitations on free speech posed by the control of access to the Internet by private
entities, enabling them to censor content that is deemed critical of corporate or public policy. The premise of this research
is that transparency alone will not achieve the desired results if ICT is used in a one way system, controlled by the provider
of information. Stakeholders must have an avenue using the same technology to respond to and interact with the information.
We propose a model that imposes on corporations a public trust, requiring these gatekeepers of communication technology to
preserve individual rights to criticism and review. 相似文献
7.
8.
Donna Vaughan 《Ethics and Information Technology》2011,13(2):131-150
The use of the capability approach as an evaluative tool for Information and Communication Technology (ICT) policy and programs
in developing countries, in particular at a grass-roots community level, is an emerging field of application. However, one
of the difficulties with ICT for development (ICT4D) evaluations is in linking what is often no more than a resource, for
example basic access, to actual outcomes, or means to end. This article argues that the capability approach provides a framework
for evaluating the strength of this linkage and that the latter is a key determinant of whether or not communities sustain
ICT4D programs beyond the initial start-up phase. The argument is made by describing an evaluative application of the capabilities
approach to community ICT4D programs using two Indigenous community case studies conducted in Cape York, in the far north-east
of Australia. Key to the evaluative approach is the identification of community defined, context specific concepts of well-being
and constitutive valued functionings and the derivation from this of required capabilities. This move away from normative
definitions of capabilities or capability types to a definition that reflects the Indigenous culture, history, circumstances,
and well-being aspirations of each community is intended to give a voice to the people and at the same time provide a deeper
informational base—through narrative—for policy and program design than has previously been available. The article concludes
that by operationalising the capability approach in a context and purpose specific way, policy and program design can be improved
so as to include more communities on the margin and thereby achieve more socially inclusive ICT based development. A process
is also outlined for using the evaluative application of the capability approach for community ICT4D within a policy feedback
loop. 相似文献
9.
Grazia D. Santangelo 《Research Policy》2000,29(9)
In the era of “alliance capitalism”, the increasing number of strategic technological partnerships (STPs) has been mainly recorded in the science-based fields, of which information and communications technology (ICT) is a leading sector. The establishment of STPs has also characterised the European ICT industry. The growing technological interrelatedness and the need to acquire capabilities in related fields have been identified in the literature as major explanations for the increase in corporate technological co-operation. This paper investigates the role of corporate technological specialisation factors in the conclusion of STPs in the European ICT industry by carrying out a dynamic analysis. Accordingly, the patterns followed by corporate technological partnerships in the industry in question are investigated since the late 1970s. Based on US patent data granted to the world's largest firms as well as STPs data, the results of the econometric analysis are consistent with the view that the more similar partners' technological portfolios are with one another, the easier it is to absorb each other's capabilities. 相似文献
10.
以陕西装备制造业企业为调查对象,构建结构方程模型,以206份有效调查问卷为数据样本,采用Bootstrap方法实证检验企业网络结构对于装备制造业企业创新绩效的作用机制,验证数字化转型能力的中介作用.研究表明,企业网络结构对创新绩效存在正向影响:结构洞和网络中心度均对企业创新绩效存在显著正向影响,而网络规模对企业创新绩效... 相似文献
11.
基于国际电信联盟（ITU）曾经使用的信息通信技术发展指数（旧IDI），提出改进的信息通信技术/数字化发展指数（新IDI）。2007年以来，金砖五国信息化和数字经济水平均有较大提升，其中四国的信息通信技术（ICT）/数字化发展水平已达到或接近G20国家中等水平。金砖五国中，俄罗斯ICT接入指数最高，中国、南非和印度ICT接入情况得到了明显改善；中国ICT应用指数增长近3倍，其他四国也在ICT应用领域得到显著提高；在ICT技能上，俄罗斯、中国与南非已有超过90%、巴西为超过85%的国民拥有互联网上交流和使用的条件；总体看来，俄罗斯相关发展水平长期领先，中国、巴西与南非居中，印度与其他四国有一定差距。相比2007年，金砖国家平均信息通信技术/数字化发展指数（IDI）水平在2020年时和G20平均水平的差距已大幅缩小，主要得益于其网络建设和普及。分析表明，IDI与各国在信息通信领域发表的SCI论文数和WOS中的非SCI论文数（不考虑2020年）存在正相关，中国以及巴俄印三国（不考虑2020年）专利数量与IDI指数之间具有一定的正相关，巴西、俄罗斯、南非三国的IDI与本国人均生产总值的关联度不显... 相似文献
12.
《The Journal of High Technology Management Research》2001,12(1):139-165
This paper develops four categories of knowledge management strategies used by multinational corporations (MNCs). Codification strategies involve the transformation of tacit knowledge into explicit knowledge in order to facilitate flows of organizational knowledge. Tacitness strategies keep organizational knowledge tacit in order to prevent flows of knowledge to competitors. Focused knowledge management strategies regulate knowledge flows by controlling the degree to which knowledge is encoded in forms that match the information intensity and ambiguity of their knowledge. Unfocused knowledge management strategies attempt to regulate knowledge flows by controlling the overall level of codification of knowledge without special consideration of the capabilities of specific forms of codification. Empirical analyses of the effects of these strategies on subunit performance in a sample of US and Danish subsidiaries suggest that the focused strategies are superior to the other strategies. Our results also indicate that different kinds of organizational knowledge require matching forms of codification in order to increase performance. The results give rise to a nested contingency model of knowledge management. 相似文献
13.
项国鹏 《科学学与科学技术管理》2009,30(5)
基于企业是知识一体化组织和公司战略变革是一种组织学习行为的学理认识,构建了公司战略知识维度的结构.以此为分析框架,根据公司战略变革原因、公司战略变革弹性和公司战略变革目的这三个标准,划分四种公司战略变革模式,揭示每种模式知识维度的结构、适应情形和知识特性.四种公司战略变革模式的知识联结是公司战略学习机制.增强公司战略弹性是成功选择公司战略变革模式的关键举措. 相似文献
14.
企业舆情危机事件:诱因、态势与应对 总被引：2，自引：1，他引：1
依据人民网舆情监测室发布的企业舆情危机事件案例,将企业舆情危机事件诱因归纳为产品或服务缺陷型、内部管理漏洞型、公共安全型、领导或员工言行失当型等类型。从不同诱因占比、舆情量级、爆料者、涉事企业所属行业、舆情影响等维度分析了企业舆情危机事件发展态势。将企业应对舆情危机事件的策略分为积极型和消极型两类并进行了阐释。 相似文献
15.
The business process outsourcing industry has got disrupted, first by the significant shift in value creation activities from the clients to the service providers, and second by pervasive digital penetration, resulting in the emergence of Digital Transformational Outsourcing (DTO). Service providers now play a more significant role, making their capabilities important. In the new context, service providers require a uniquely different set of dynamic capabilities to handle end-to-end business functions on behalf of their clients while delivering digital value propositions.We study 26 of the largest global business process outsourcing providers to conceptualise and identify six dynamic capabilities of service providers salient in the new context, i.e., consultative, orchestration, insights, network management, knowledge access, and standardisation. Interviews conducted with industry experts provided evidence in support of the identified dynamic capabilities. A novel firm capability dataset was created using secondary data, and using fuzzy-set Qualitative Comparative Analysis (fsQCA), we identify configurations for high and low performance and find them to vary by the firm's broad/narrow scope. 相似文献
16.
17.
子公司在跨国公司知识创新及流动体系中的角色 总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3
跨国公司的组织结构正在由传统的价值链形式向全球网络组织转变,跨国公司的知识水平和创新能力取决于内部的研发活动,也取决于海外子公司从当地外部网络吸收那些难以通过市场机制实现的具有当地特定知识的能力．海外子公司从过去知识的单向吸收者逐渐转变成为跨国公司知识体系的重要知识来源．在知识的创新和传播过程中,跨国公司的子公司在全球创新体系中承担不同的角色,本文从子公司的角度出发,按照子公司创造知识的能力以及所创造知识的可转移性两个维度,把跨国公司的子公司划分为知识的提供者、吸收者、深化者以及修改者等四个角色,介绍了四种角色的特点以及战略意义,对跨国公司的全球知识管理战略提供了相应的建议． 相似文献
18.
This paper studies the patterns of innovation in the ICT field using patents and patent citations. It provides an original methodology to identify ICT applications using patent abstracts and selecting the most frequent sequential triples of words without any a priori selection of keywords. This paper shows that the set of IPC classes related to ICT is broader than the one usually considered.Moreover, our results show that ICT applications can be distinguished into two main groups in terms of growth and structure of innovative activities, technological pervasiveness, and knowledge sources. High opportunity ICT applications are characterised by high growth of patenting activity, high rate of entry of new innovators and high concentration of technological activity across firms. They also display a diversified knowledge base in terms of technological domains and actors involved. Conversely, low opportunity ICT applications are characterised by a lower growth and by a lower concentration of innovative activities across firms, as well as by a lower rate of entry of new innovators. Innovations in these ICT applications show less diversified knowledge sources and a higher degree of internal knowledge base. 相似文献
19.
Victor W. A. Mbarika Fay Cobb Payton Lynette Kvasny Atieno Amadi 《The Information Society》2007,23(1):1-18
While Sub-Saharan African women have historically assumed the roles of both housewives and subsistence farmers, they have had few opportunities to participate in the modern economies of the region. However, this trend is changing with the exponential growth of information and communications technologies (ICT), giving many Sub-Sahara African women access to computers, the Internet, and other related technologies. Based on the work of a four-member research team from Kenya and the United States, this article examines the integration of female college students into the formal ICT work sector in Kenya. We do so by examining major bottlenecks and enablers to such integration from historical and contemporary perspectives. Using an interpretive approach, we conducted 32 interviews with women in an ICT program offered by a university in Kenya. Our findings indicate that women were highly optimistic, embracing ICT as a practical mechanism for achieving entry into the labor market. However, they perceived significant structural barriers, such as public policies that failed to facilitate the development of the ICT sector, gender discrimination by employers, and training that provided them with insufficient technical skills to enable them to effectively perform in the workplace. These findings largely confirm the gendered perspectives found in similar studies conducted in other countries. However, what appear as global perspectives are informed by the local causes. 相似文献