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1986年，原国家教委和原国家体委联合颁布了《关于开展课余体育训练，提高学校体育运动技术水平的规划》（以下简称“规划”）。《规划》作为战略性、纲领性件实施以来，我国高等院校课余体育训练不断发展，目前我国由教育部确定的培养高水平学生运动员的试点高等院校有160多所（其中部属60多所、省属近100所）。无论在规模上还是在运动竞技水平上均取得了一系列成绩。 相似文献
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在市场经济日益完善的今天,学校课余体育训练也遵循市场规律来进行,能使学校体育训练更健康、更有序的发展。针对当前中小学课余体育训练的现状,结合我校课余体育训练经验,认为通过构建课余训练的市场化模式即:学校提供平台,引进具有专业体育技能的社会人员进行训练,体育教师参与组织管理的这样一种模式来保障学校课余训练的进行。 相似文献
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通过文献资料、问卷调查和访谈法对新疆喀什民族地区高校课余体育训练的现状和制约因素进行调查研究,发现该区高校课余体育训练存在从训体育教师和福利待遇差、学校领导对课余体育训练不重视等问题,并提出相应的对策,为新疆喀什民族地区高校课余体育训练未来的发展提出了改革性建议和有益的参考依据. 相似文献
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课余体育的含义是中学生在课余时间里,开展课余体育的形式有多种多样,例如被熟知的早操、课间操、班级体育活动、课余训练、课余竞赛以及校外体育、家庭体育等多种组织形式和内容。通过开展课余体育训练进而达到开展体育教育的目的。深入研究课余体育训练现状,改善当前的课余体育训练现状,提升体育教学质量,最终促进我国的体育运动的长远发展。 相似文献
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运用文献研读法、访谈法、问卷调查法、数理统计法对滦州市普通高中课余体育训练开展现状进行调查研究,主要从中学生对课余体育训练的认知情况、提高中学生课余体育训练成绩以及中学生在课余体育训练中存在的不足等情况进行分析,旨为促进高中课余体育训练的正常开展提供一些对策。 相似文献
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关于高校办“体校训练”的研究和实践 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
课余体育训练是学校体育的一个组成部分,是实现学校体育教育目标的基本途径之一。正如《中共中央关于进一步发展体育运动的通知》强调指出：要重点抓好学校体育,在增强学生体质的同时积极开展课余体育训练。在我国社会主义市场经济体制形成过程中,教育和体育的改革正在深入发展,对学校课余体育训练也提出了新的要求。我国学校课余体育训练的现状与世界体育强国相比,存在较大的差距,今后如何进行改革是本文所要研究的重点。１我国学校课余体育训练的现状１、开展课余体育训练的学校数量据专家调查资料称,在１９４２５８所中小学中有１… 相似文献
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通过文献资料法、专家访谈法和问卷调查法,对新疆喀什地区课余体育训练的现状及制约因素进行调查研究,发现新疆喀什地区课余体育训练存在领导不重视、教师待遇普遍偏低等问题,并提出相应的发展对策,为促进和改善喀什地区课余体育训练以及新疆学校体育事业的发展提供科学、有益的参考依据。 相似文献
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二、深化我国高校课余体育训练工作的对策 为了适应21世纪我国社会经济、体育事业和高等教育发展的需要，深化改革我国高校课余体育训练工作，我们提出以下几个方面的对策。 1.进一步统一思想、提高认识，开展我国学校课余体育训练工作。 各级教育、行政部门和高校的领导干部必须统一思想，提高认识，采取措施，加强对课余体育训练工作的领导。15年《规划》实施的实践说明了课余体育训练应是高校教育工作的一部分，是高校体育的重要部分。开展课余体育训练不能简单地理解为培养几个体育后备人才，更应该受到重视的是提… 相似文献
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<正> 河北省课余体育训练工作经多年的努力,中学、高校已逐渐形成了上下衔接的训练体系。但打基础的关键时期——小学课余体育训练工作还很不完善,至今还没有正式纳入到学校课余体育训练体系中来,对课余训练的发展和提高影响较大。目前,小学课余体育训练一般是两个渠道:一是学校自己组织训练队。但是,由于小学体育教师数量 相似文献
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This study examined the effect of carbohydrate ingestion on metabolic and performance-related responses during and after a simulated 1h cycling time trial. Eight trained male cyclists (VO 2 peak = 66.5ml kg -1 min -1 ) rode their own bicycles mounted on a windload simulator to imitate real riding conditions. At a self-selected maximal pace, the cyclists performed two 1h rides (separated by 7 days) and were fed either an 8% carbohydrate or placebo solution. The beverages were administered 25 min before (4.5ml kg -1 ) and at the end (4.5ml kg -1 ) of the ride. With carbohydrate feeding, plasma glucose tended (P = 0.21) to rise before the time trial. Compared with rest, the plasma glucose concentration decreased significantly (P < 0.05) at the end of both rides, with no statistically significant difference being observed between treatments. Thereafter, plasma glucose increased significantly (P < 0.05) at 15 and 30 min into recovery, and was significantly higher at 30 min during the carbohydrate trial compared with the placebo trial. No significant changes in plasma free fatty acids were observed during the ride. However, a significant increase (P < 0.05) in free fatty acids was found at 15 and 30 min into recovery, with no difference between trials. Mean power output was significantly (P < 0.05) greater during the carbohydrate compared with the placebo trial (mean - S.E.: 277-3 and 269-3W, respectively). The greater distance covered in the carbohydrate compared with the placebo trial (41.5-1.06 and 41.0–1.06km, respectively; P < 0.05) was equivalent to a 44s improvement. We conclude that pre-exercise carbohydrate ingestion significantly increases endurance performance in trained cyclists during a 1h simulated time trial. Although the mechanism for this enhancement in performance with carbohydrate ingestion cannot be surmised from the present results, it could be related to a higher rate of carbohydrate oxidation, or to favourable effects of carbohydrate ingestion on the central component of fatigue. 相似文献
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Roy J. Shephard 《Journal of sports sciences》2013,31(7):603-620
The biology and medicine of rowing are briefly reviewed. Effort in a 2000 -m race is about 70% aerobic. Because the boat (and in some instances a cox) must be propelled, successful competitors are very tall, with a large lean mass and aerobic power. Large hearts may lead to erroneous diagnoses of a cardiomyopathy. Large respiratory minute volumes must be developed by chest muscles that are also involved in rowing. The vital capacity is typically large, and breathing becomes entrained. Expiration cannot be slowed relative to inspiration (as normally occurs at high rates of ventilation) and the limiting flow velocity may be reached, with the potential for airway collapse. Performance is strongly related to the power output at the ‘anaerobic threshold’, and lactate measures provide a guide to an appropriate intensity of endurance training. Peak blood lactate levels are higher in males (commonly 11–19 mmol·l -1 and occasionally as high as 25 mmol·l -1) than in females (9–11 mmol·l -1), probably because males have a greater muscle mass in relation to blood volume. The skeletal muscles are predominantly slow twitch in type, developing an unusual force and power at low contraction velocities. Many rowers have a suboptimal diet, eating excessive amounts of fat. Lightweight rowers also have problems of weight cycling. Aerobic power and muscle endurance often change by 10% over the season, but such fluctuations can be largely avoided by a well-designed winter training programme. Injuries include back and knee problems, tenosynovitis of the wrist and, since the introduction of large blades, fractures of the costae. 相似文献
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许良 《体育科技文献通报》2011,19(2):1-4
基于1985、1995和2005年全国学生体质调研数据,对各时期我国城乡学生形态、机能、体能发展水平进行系统地定量研究,动态分析20年全国城乡学生体质发展的特点与规律。主要研究结果：（1）近20年城乡学生生长发育持续提前,城市学生各项形态指标生长水平高于乡村,身高城乡差距缩小,体重、胸围城乡差距加大;（2）城市学生肺活量水平高于乡村,城乡学生肺活量20年持续下降,前10年乡村学生下降快、后10年城市学生下降快;（3）乡村学生800m、1000m跑水平高于城市,城市女生50m跑、仰卧起坐水平高于乡村,其他素质城乡学生水平波动较大;（4）城市女生50m跑20年持续下降,城乡学生800m和1000m跑、城市学生50m×8往返跑20年加速下降,其他素质20年间有增有降发展极不平稳。 相似文献
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采用测量、问卷调查、数理统计等方法,分析定向运动学习前后对大学生身心健康的影响.结果经T检验和x2检验且表明：定向运动不仅能增强学生体质健康水平,而且有助于学生的情绪调节,增强自信心与创新意识,培养勇敢顽强的意志品质,建立良好的人际关系,能有效地促进学生身心健康发展.为了全面提高大学生整体素质,积极实践,构建定向运动课内外一体化教学模式,进行定向运动课程模块化教学,以满足学生的多元化需求. 相似文献
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Alan M. Nevill Roger L. Holder Andrew Bardsley Helen Calvert Stephen Jones 《Journal of sports sciences》2013,31(4):437-443
A regression analysis of competitors' tournament results in relation to their world rankings was proposed to identify the effect of home advantage in international ‘grand-slam’ tennis and ‘major’ golf tournaments. The results provided little evidence of home advantage in either the grand-slam tennis or the golf tournaments held in 1993. The only possible evidence of home advantage was found in the Wimbledon tennis and the US Open golf championships. Even these findings can be explained, at least partially, by (1) the availability of information concerning the low world rankings of the British tennis players competing at Wimbledon, and (2) selective entry, allowing only the world's top-ranked foreign golfers into the US open golf tournament. In both cases, the lower ranking home competitors have a greater opportunity to perform above their anticipated world rankings. Therefore, provided entry into tennis and golf tournaments is truly ‘open’ to both the host nation's representatives and foreign competitors alike, home advantage does not appear to be a major factor influencing the competitors' performance in such competitions. These findings may be explained by the relatively objective nature of the scoring systems used in tennis and golf, unlike the subjective influence of refereeing decisions on the results of team-games such as soccer. 相似文献
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曲爱宁 《体育科技文献通报》2007,15(8):97-98
柔韧素质是健美操专业学生的专项素质之一,通过对普通高校健美操专业学生分组对照进行柔韧性训练的实验研究,认为对训练肌群辅以按摩器振颤刺激,可大大提高柔韧性训练效果。 相似文献
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我国城市体育自然环境建设与发展的研究 总被引：5，自引：0，他引：5
采用实地调查研究、理性思维研究和文献资料调研等方法对主要问题进行了专门研究，提出了进行城市体育场所区域生态功能区划、设计体育生态功能区布局的方案、做好体育场所绿色环境系统规划、制定体育场所生态与绿地管理措施等基本观点，提出了若干城市体育自然环境建设与发展的对策。 相似文献
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重新认识体育的社会关联 总被引：3，自引：1，他引：2
体育与政治之间存在一个悖论，体育的发展与经济实力之间没有直线相关，体育与教育部分重叠，体育与宗教最为近缘，体育可借用科学手段，体育的艺术禀性日益明显，体育与养生反映着两种人生观。 相似文献