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1.
本文通过探讨国内一些地区推进"创新驿站"技术转移模式建设的成果,提出一种新型的区域协同创新机制,即构建包括研究型大学、技术中介机构、中小企业以及政府"四位一体"的区域协同创新体系。与产学研合作等其他模式相比,该模式能够统筹四大主体的资源,充分发挥各主体的优势,适应我国加快推进自主创新体系建设的要求。最后,本文结合英国和印度两国的案例比较分析实施这一方案的可行性与有效性。 相似文献
2.
Investigating the factors that diminish the barriers to university-industry collaboration 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
Although the literature on university-industry links has begun to uncover the reasons for, and types of, collaboration between universities and businesses, it offers relatively little explanation of ways to reduce the barriers in these collaborations. This paper seeks to unpack the nature of the obstacles to collaborations between universities and industry, exploring influence of different mechanisms in lowering barriers related to the orientation of universities and to the transactions involved in working with university partners. Drawing on a large-scale survey and public records, this paper explores the effects of collaboration experience, breadth of interaction, and inter-organizational trust on lowering different types of barriers. The analysis shows that prior experience of collaborative research lowers orientation-related barriers and that greater levels of trust reduce both types of barriers studied. It also indicates that breadth of interaction diminishes the orientation-related, but increases transaction-related barriers. The paper explores the implications of these findings for policies aimed at facilitating university-industry collaboration. 相似文献
3.
Toshihiro Kodama 《Research Policy》2008,37(8):1224-1240
This paper analyzes two elements necessary for building an efficient regional technology-transfer system between universities and firms, namely, an intermediary organization and regional firms that have a developed ‘absorptive capacity’, touching in particular upon the tacit knowledge aspects. Based on an empirical study of the TAMA cluster project (in the western part of the Tokyo Metropolitan Area), which is a model project of the ‘Industrial Cluster Plan’ in Japan, we examine the intermediation effect of the TAMA Association and the ‘absorptive capacity’ of various product-developing SMEs. These two elements are interrelated because the participation of the product-developing SMEs is a prerequisite for the effective functioning of an intermediary such as the TAMA Association. Our analysis also shows that university-industry linkages and inter-firm linkages lead to different outcomes. 相似文献
4.
在产学合作过程中,合作双方目标属性的不同使得知识披露策略的选择上有所差异,追求独占的企业和追求开放的高校如何寻求一个平衡是本文的关注点。本文采用负二项分布模型和泊松分布模型研究企业的四种不同知识披露策略对产学研合作的影响。以专利策略为参照组,研究发现论文策略和专利-论文组合策略更能促进产学研合作的广度和深度的提升,而专利策略比保密策略则更能促进产学研合作深度的提升。同时还发现,在同一类型的知识披露策略下,研发强度越大的企业,产学研合作的广度越大,但产学研合作的深度越小,而处于同一研发强度水平的企业,选择趋于开放的知识披露策略比选择趋于独占的知识披露策略更有助于提升产学研合作的广度和深度。因此,本文对于企业在产学研合作过程中权衡独占和开放的关系有一定的理论和实践指导意义。 相似文献
5.
选取国家科技进步奖获奖项目作为数据来源,从学-学合作、学-研合作、学-产合作三个维度,从整体概况、年度分析、核心高校三个层面,对2000—2014年间的学研产合作发展动态进行分析。研究表明,学-学合作、学-研合作、学-产合作虽在个别年份有波动,但总体上处于稳定上升状态,高水平、高层次的学研产合作将成为应用推广先进科学技术成果、完成重大科学技术工作计划项目等方面的主流。 相似文献
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《Research Policy》2021,50(10):104356
Despite the common belief that orientation asymmetry—fundamental differences in the goals and expectations between partners—constitutes a major barrier to successful collaboration, empirical evidence on how orientation asymmetry impacts university-industry collaboration is rare. We seek to understand the nature and impact of orientation asymmetry by conducting a mixed-method study of the research collaborations between a Big Pharma and its academic partners. Our interviews reveal critical asymmetries between partners, concerning not only different orientations, but also different perceptions of conflict. Building on these qualitative findings, we conduct a multi-wave, multi-source survey study to unpack the relationships between orientation asymmetry, conflict within collaboration teams, conflict perception asymmetry, and different types of collaboration success. We contribute to the literature on university-industry collaborations by providing a much-needed comparison of the perspectives from both sides of the collaboration and developing a nuanced understanding of the dynamics within collaboration project teams. We discuss the implications of our findings for researchers, managers, and policymakers. 相似文献
8.
《Research Policy》2019,48(9):103793
A considerable body of work acknowledges the importance and benefits of the university–industry relationship for the economy and society, but also for increasing the revenue of universities themselves (known also as universities’ “third mission”). However, questions have also been raised about the consequences of the university-industry relationship and its impact on their traditional role. This paper contributes to this debate by exploring whether and how being efficient in generating income from engagement activities impacts on universities’ research performance. By using a sample of 119 UK higher educational institutions for period 2007–2014, and controlling for endogeneity issue, the results show that efficiency in terms of university-industry income and research performance exhibits a nonlinear relationship for both universities established before (“old universities”), and after (“new universities”), the Higher Education Act 1992 (HEA). However, for high level of efficiency, “old universities” do not appear able to improve their research performance further. Finally, positive synergies between the third mission and research mission decline in a more teaching-oriented environment. We conclude that policy makers should account for organisational heterogeneity and teaching orientation to promote research excellence effectively by stimulating engagement. 相似文献
9.
现有校企联盟研究的文献主要涉及大学和企业合作的原因和合作方式,但很少关注缓解校企合作障碍的方法研究。本文在分析校企合作存在障碍的基础上,探索了不同机制对缓解校企合作中方向型障碍和交易型障碍的影响。以大型调查和公共记录数据为基础,研究了校企合作经验、互动广度和组织间信任对缓解不同类型障碍的影响。研究表明校企合作经验可降低方向型障碍,组织间信任程度较高可降低方向型和交易型障碍。研究还表明,广泛互动可降低方向型障碍,但对降低交易型障碍的影响不显著。 相似文献
10.
在技术位势的测度基础上,区分低位势企业-高位势学研机构、高位势企业-低位势学研机构两种类别,构建混合回归模型及个体效应模型,运用我国制药企业1995-2012年的产学研联合发明专利数据,对不同类别组合和同一类组合内不同影响时期技术势差对企业技术能力的影响效应进行了比较研究。结果表明,产学研合作中企业技术能力成长的短期效果显著优于长期效果,而合作主体双方技术势差对企业技术能力成长存在长短期上的异质性,并受到双方相对技术位势关系的调节。在低位势企业-高位势学研机构合作中,技术势差有利于促进企业技术能力的成长,其中短期效应达到显著;在高位势企业-低位势学研机构合作中,逆向技术势差的存在会显著抑制企业技术能力的长期成长。 相似文献
11.
《Research Policy》2023,52(9):104870
We posit that a communications gap exists between universities and commercial organizations, attributed to their idiosyncratic goals, interests, and incentives. To bridge this gap, universities need to recognize and leverage observable differences in the strength of signals and the width of channels used to disseminate their scientific knowledge externally. We explore these ideas by analyzing knowledge dissemination and academic engagement activities in 133 UK universities in the period 2011–2019. Our analysis shows that universities with a lower scientific impact have a higher intensity of collaborative research, contract research, and consultancy activities if they communicate that impact through more prominent scientific outlets. In turn, universities with a higher scientific impact have a lower intensity of interaction with commercial organizations if they communicate their scientific impact through less prominent scientific outlets. We further reveal that universities with a higher economic impact show a higher intensity of collaborative research. At the same time, we find no evidence that the social impact generated by universities is linked to the intensity of university-industry interaction, no matter the channels through which that impact is communicated. Using these findings, we draw implications for practice and policy. 相似文献
12.
《Research Policy》2022,51(1):104370
Institutional intermediaries are often seen by governments as avenues for increasing firm level innovativeness. This is because they can provide both information and legitimacy, which enable access to government support. Yet, close engagement with intermediaries may also encourage political intervention, especially in the context of emerging markets. Using a unique dataset which consists of the Chinese Micro- and Small- Enterprise Survey (CMES) and the National Economic Research Institute (NERI), we explore the roles of government support and political intervention in the relationship between institutional linkages and firm innovativeness. We find that government support, in the form of tax benefits, and political intervention mediate the relationship between institutional linkages and firm innovativeness. We also find that this relationship is contingent upon the degree of institutional development within which firms operate. Our findings therefore contribute to the burgeoning literature that examines the effects of institutional intermediaries on innovation by exploring both their bright and dark sides. We discuss the implications of these findings for institutional intermediary research, institutional theory and innovation literature and offer advice to policymakers and managers looking at improving innovativeness. 相似文献
13.
Intermediary actors have been proposed as key catalysts that speed up change towards more sustainable socio-technical systems. Research on this topic has gradually gained traction since 2009, but has been complicated by the inconsistency regarding what intermediaries are in the context of such transitions and which activities they focus on, or should focus on. We briefly elaborate on the conceptual foundations of the studies of intermediaries in transitions, and how intermediaries have been connected to different transition theories. This shows the divergence – and sometimes a lack – of conceptual foundations in this research. In terms of transitions theories, many studies connect to the multi-level perspective and strategic niche management, while intermediaries in technological innovation systems and transition management have been much less explored. We aim to bring more clarity to the topic of intermediaries in transitions by providing a definition of transition intermediaries and a typology of five intermediary types that is sensitive to the emergence, neutrality and goals of intermediary actors as well as their context and level of action. Some intermediaries are specifically set up to facilitate transitions, while others grow into the role during the process of socio-technical change. Based on the study, as an important consideration for future innovation governance, we argue that systemic and niche intermediaries are the most crucial forms of intermediary actors in transitions, but they need to be complemented by a full ecology of intermediaries, including regime-based transition intermediaries, process intermediaries and user intermediaries. 相似文献
14.
The use of university-industry collaboration in the innovation process is viewed as a major driver of firm competitiveness. The organizational dynamics underlying successful external relationships, however, remain poorly understood. Using longitudinal case studies of 15 innovation projects, we examine how firms with varying degrees of experience in collaborating with universities and public research organizations rely on different social capital dimensions to achieve successful collaborations. We find that experienced firms establish external collaborations on the basis of cognitive social capital, but this basis is reinforced by relational social capital over time. Conversely, less experienced firms initially base their university collaborations on relational social capital, which is reinforced by cognitive social capital over time. Based on these findings, we theorize on the interplay of different dimensions of social capital in university-industry collaborations over time. Our study has important implications for the management of collaborative innovation projects. In particular, it provides guidance to enable less experienced firms to develop successful collaborations with university partners. 相似文献
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16.
How are new university educational programs established in response to expanding sciences and how do they promote university-industry (UI) joint research? To study these questions in relation to life sciences and biotechnology, we first compiled the data on the establishment of new undergraduate and graduate programs on these fields in Japanese universities since the 1950s. We then analyzed statistically whether and how such establishment contributed to the occurrence and frequency of UI joint research in biotechnology. We found that the expansion of such university programs in fact contributed to the promotion of UI joint research. We also confirmed that, even with this contribution controlled, UI joint research projects increased following the 1998 legislation to promote technology transfer from universities (the so-called TLO Act) and the 1999 legislation to allow universities to retain rights on their inventions made with government research funds (the so-called Japanese Bayh-Dole Act). 相似文献
17.
美国国家创新体系三大主体角色新动向的启示 总被引：9，自引：0，他引：9
随着越来越多的大学—工业联合研究中心的成立,美国工业界逐步地退出了基础研究。政府,特别是州政府更为积极主动地推进高新技术的研究开发工作。知识经济时代的研究型大学履行了多种角色:科研成果的专利许可、孵化器的功能和促进各方沟通联络。 相似文献
18.
技术是产学研合作的核心要素,围绕技术而进行的交往空间存在着以技术为场源的技术交往场。由于技术水平的不同而产生的技术位差构成了技术势能,而技术从高水平区域向低水平区域的扩散就是技术势能转化为技术动能的结果。作为产学研合作参与的不同主体,政府、高校和企业以自身独特的资本形态为权力基础,通过相互之间权力的转化而进行竞争与合作的博弈。对于产学研合作过程中的技术交往而言,除了经济效益之外,还要考量社会效益和生态效益,产学研合作最终的现实效益必须大于或等于其经济效益、社会效益和生态效益的总和。 相似文献
19.
《Research Policy》2023,52(2):104673
This paper investigates how innovation intermediaries promote institutional change to facilitate public procurement of innovation (PPI). Several of the PPI implementation challenges reported in prior research originate in the institutional architecture underpinning demand articulation, and innovation procurement and adoption processes. We conceptualise innovation intermediaries as institutional entrepreneurs who seek to create new institutions or adjust existing ones to support PPI implementation. We report the results of two case studies of intermediaries facilitating PPI in the UK defence and health sectors, respectively. We contribute to PPI intermediation literature by showing that intermediaries address prevalent institutional failures through four types of institutional entrepreneurship activities: boundary spanning; advocacy; design of change; and capacity building. We elucidate, in particular, the role of individuals within intermediaries, as agents who learn about failures and adapt their institutional work over time. In doing so, these managers go beyond the remit and goals of the organisations they represent. The findings add to our understanding of how intermediaries support demand articulation for PPI by showing that their institutional work is also aimed at designing generic methods and processes to improve what is asked for, and how. We furthermore reveal conditions influencing the effectiveness of intermediaries' efforts to realise institutional change, thereby extending research on institutional entrepreneurship in PPI settings. 相似文献
20.
《Research Policy》2023,52(8):104843
Despite universities' effort towards contributing to society and economy through multi-helix or multi-party university-industry research collaborations (UIRCs) involving industry, government and community organisations, the impact of such activities on teaching remains unclear. This paper aims to fill this research lacuna. Using a multiple case study approach, the paper provides evidence from seven multi-helix UIRCs taking place in five Indian universities. We first unveil the different roles played by individual actors from the collaborating partner organisations involved in the multi-helix UIRCs, specifically industry scientists (from the collaborating partner company), funding administrators (from the governmental funding body that sponsors the collaboration), community representatives (from the collaborating community organisation) and UIRC-affiliated academics involved in the teaching activities of the collaborating university. Then, we explain various individual-level and organisational-level conditions that enable and constrain these actors' involvement in teaching, and ultimately their efficacy. These findings help us develop a holistic framework for involving UIRC actors in teaching at partner universities. 相似文献