共查询到20条相似文献，搜索用时 15 毫秒
1.
This article investigates the organisational conditions for service encounter-based innovation. Its focus is on the initial crucial part of the innovation process during which ideas/new practises are developed by front-line employees and integrated in the organisation. The article argues that service encounter-based innovation varies among service organisations because of different organisational conditions. This is illustrated in a multiple comparative case study of 11 Scandinavian service organisations. A model of conditions for service encounter-based innovation is developed based on the theoretical discussions and the case study. The model suggests how and why some service organisations derive innovation benefits from service-encounters while others do not. Thus, the article provides new and important knowledge concerning user-driven innovation in services. 相似文献
2.
数字化转型企业开放式创新生态系统的构建———理论基础与未来展望 《科学学研究》2023,41(2):335-347
具有开放性、可供性等特征的数字技术使得传统企业形成了数字化转型企业开放式创新生态系统的新组织型态。然而,当前对其研究还处于概念探讨和特征归纳的初级阶段,急需对其构建研究形成系统性理论框架。因此,首先基于相关概念的梳理,尝试明晰“何为”数字化转型企业开放式创新生态系统,即其内涵界定;其次,结合当前开放式创新生态系统、数字化转型企业两大研究基础,厘清“为何”急需开展数字化转型企业开放式创新生态系统构建的研究;最后,初步提出包括“型态识别→构建动因→构建逻辑→构建过程”的研究框架,指出未来“如何”开展数字化转型企业开放式创新生态系统构建的研究,以期为数字化转型企业开放式创新生态系统构建研究夯实理论基础并指明未来研究方向。 相似文献
3.
The paper investigates the existence of an Open Regional Innovation System (ORIS model). This model is characterised by the firms’ adoption of an open innovation strategy, which overcomes not only the boundaries of the firms but also the boundaries of the region.Using data collected in a sample of life science firms, our research provides the evidence that the Emilia Romagna RIS has evolved towards an ORIS model, where firms’ innovation search strategy, despite being still embedded in local nets (involving several regional public research organisations - PROs), is open to external-to-the-region research networks and knowledge sources. It also shows that innovation openness influences significantly the firms’ innovative performance. 相似文献
4.
This paper explores links between the development of innovation theory since the late 1970s, and the evolution of innovation policy ideas, primarily in the 1990s. The argument is that there is a close connection between theory and policy, so that theory and policy learning can be seen as an integrated, co-evolving and interactive process. We analyse the theory-policy learning link in terms of two phases. We suggest that the complex economic crisis of the 1970s created an opening for rival analyses of events. During the 1980s, the development of evolutionary theories (pioneered by Nelson and Winter) and of empirically-based theories of the innovation process (pioneered by Nathan Rosenberg) created a framework in which policy agencies could consider heterodox ideas concerning objectives and instruments of public policy. By the early 1990s policy-makers, particularly in Europe, came to see RTD and innovation policies not just as important arenas of action in themselves, but as instruments towards more wide ranging policy objectives. The policy agencies involved, though hierarchical, were characterised by relatively open structures that permitted a degree of intellectual diversity: so organisations like the OECD and the European Commission played a central role, whereas the World Bank, for example, did not. Increasing policy interest stimulated a second phase of research in the 1990s, sponsored both nationally and by various EU programmes, in which expanding the innovation-oriented knowledge base became a significant objective for policy-makers. The paper argues that the theory-policy link has been central to the intellectual development of this field, which would have been impossible within the constraints of existing disciplinary structures and university funding systems. At the same time the analytical achievements have permitted a wide expansion in the conceptualization of policy targets and in the design of instruments available to policy-makers. In a sense, this is itself an evolutionary story: of a crisis and a conjunctural niche that permitted the creation and (so far) survival of a set of diverse and certainly non-conventional ideas. 相似文献
5.
The economic effects of basic research: evidence for embodied knowledge transfer via scientists’ migration 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
The paper argues that a substantial proportion of the wider economic benefits to society from publicly-funded basic research is associated with scientists’ migration into the commercial sector of the innovation system. Rejecting a reduction of the research process to the propositional knowledge it produces, a set of hypotheses on the value of different types of knowledge is derived. The hypotheses are tested with empirical data obtained from scientists formerly employed by the Max Planck Society (MPS), one of the main organisations for basic research in the German innovation system. Findings indicate that rather than applying latest theoretical insights, scientists mainly transfer elements of knowledge that underlie complex problem-solving strategies in basic research. 相似文献
6.
We explore the causal links between service firms’ knowledge investments, their innovation outputs and business growth based on a bespoke survey of around 1100 UK service businesses. We combine the activity based approach of the innovation value chain with firms’ external links at each stage of the innovation process. This introduces the concept of ‘encoding’ relationships through which learning improves the effectiveness of firms’ innovation processes. Our econometric results emphasise the importance of external openness in the initial, exploratory phase of the innovation process and the significance of internal openness (e.g. team working) in later stages of the process. In-house design capacity is strongly linked to a firm's ability to absorb external knowledge for innovation. Links to customers are important in the exploratory stage of the innovation process, but encoding linkages with private and public research organisations are more important in developing innovation outputs. Business growth is related directly to both the extent of firms’ service innovation as well as the diversity of innovation, reflecting marketing, strategic and business process change. 相似文献
7.
开放式创新模式下知识共享研究综述 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
开放式创新模式下,知识共享有了新的内涵与特征。文章选取2003-2016年的相关文献,采用文献计量法、知识可视化和内容分析法进行研究。从数据分析的角度研究开放式创新模式下知识共享的文献数量、研究分布、热点和引文问题,从主题分析的角度研究该模式下知识共享的内涵、特征、优势、风险、运行和影响模型等问题。通过对相关文献的系统梳理和解读,探讨开放式创新模式下知识共享在研究对象、优势风险融合、社区及参与者方面的不足之处。最后,针对以上研究,提出未来我国开放式创新模式下知识共享的研究应重点关注研究对象对比、政策标准建立、社区构建以及用户动机与组织需求关联等方面的进一步发展。 相似文献
8.
本文提出了关于知识创新动力源的分析框架 ,即大学及知识型组织的知识创新战略分析和选择的概念框架。具体提出了关于社会的知识间隙 ,组织内部知识间隙和组织核心战略间隙的基本含义、分析方法以及相应的战略目标和战略选择的研究模型。这个分析框架为我们在对组织的知识创新战略进行分析和选择时 ,提供一种原则性的方法论 相似文献
9.
Firms are encouraged to continually initiate innovation activities as part of their new product development processes and to be open to the use of external knowledge sources. Yet, many are abandoned. Openness to external knowledge sources and the experience of abandoning innovation activities are, therefore, becoming a part of an organization’s reality and innovation strategy. In this paper, we aim to explore how the experience of having abandoned an innovation activity can affect innovation performance and the role two key dimensions of openness, external search breadth and formal innovation collaboration breadth, play. Using data from the UK Innovation Survey, we find that the experience of having abandoned an innovation activity leads to improved innovation performance and that this is negatively moderated by the two dimensions of openness. When external search breadth is high, i.e. when an organization engages with a higher number of different types of knowledge sources, the link between abandoning innovation activities and innovation performance weakens. Similarly, when formal innovation collaboration breadth is high, i.e. the breadth of a firm’s formal collaboration relationships is high, the link between abandoning innovation activities and innovation performance also weakens. We conclude by discussing the theoretical and practical implications of our findings. 相似文献
10.
This paper analyses how knowledge-based practices adopted by innovation intermediaries enable them to generate value for themselves when collaborating with their clients. While the literature focuses on value creation for their client organisations, little is known about how innovation intermediaries create internal value even though this is essential for ensuring their long-term survival and sustaining their key facilitating role in the innovation system. This understudied issue is explored using empirical evidence from a sub-set of innovation intermediaries, Research and Technology Organisations (RTOs). The results indicate that by capitalising on existing knowledge vested in employees and collaborators as well as understanding and shaping the knowledge base of the innovation ecosystem, innovation intermediaries generate internal value from their involvement in collaborative innovation, which range from different financial to non-financial types of value. Implications for intermediaries, their collaborators and for policymakers are then discussed. 相似文献
11.
New types of knowledge, and new ways of organising the production of it, may emerge as knowledge producers respond to the challenges posed by a changing society. This paper focuses on the core knowledge of one such emerging field, namely, innovation studies. To explore the knowledge base of the field, a database of references in scholarly surveys of various aspects of innovation, published in “handbooks”, is assembled and a new methodology for analysing the knowledge base of a field with the help of such data is developed. The paper identifies the core contributions to the literature in this area, the most central scholars and important research environments, and analyses - with the help of citations in scholarly journals - how the core literature is used by researchers in different scientific disciplines and cross-disciplinary fields. Based on this information a cluster analysis is used to draw inferences about the structure of the knowledge base on innovation. Finally, the changing character of the field over time is analysed, and possible challenges for its continuing development are discussed. 相似文献
12.
John Howells 《Research Policy》1995,24(6)
This paper argues that case studies in innovation research at the level of the firm require an explicit model of how people think and act in organisations. The ‘socio-cognitive’ approach which is outlined here combines Weick's social psychological ideas with Teece's characterisation of the firm by its technological knowledge base. It is argued that a cognitive approach accommodates the tacit nature of technological knowledge well, and that artefacts can be considered as cognitive resources. A distinction is made between the social control of production technology (the firm) and of user technology (typically the market). This distinction is used as the basis for conceptualising technological innovation as the creation by individuals within the firm of ‘cognitive ensembles’ composed of cognitive elements drawn from both the technological base of the firm and market conceptions.This focus on the process by which innovation is generated within the firm leads to a brief discussion of previous work on the creative process and the relevance of the socio-cognitive approach to macro-level studies of technological change. 相似文献
13.
在技术、顾客需求快速变化的环境中,合作创新无疑是企业共享资源、降低创新风险的一种有效方式。经济学家对合作创新的早期研究主要关注企业的合作动机,现在,“怎样合作”不仅是企业家关心的问题．也成为学术界的研究热点之一。国内外众多学者的实证研究发现,以交叉许可协议为代表的非产权形式的合作模式占绝大多数（70％左右）,而合资研究企业为代表的产权形式的合作模式所占比例较小（30％左右）。本文从知识合作的角度分析企业合作形式选择的演变、行业特点以及不同行业的知识合作模型与企业合作形式的关系。 相似文献
14.
15.
Prior studies of open innovation have highlighted the effects of different flows of knowledge between firms and external partners—such as flows of software code, technical solutions, or new product ideas—and how firms face a “paradox of openness” about how open to be to external sources while also appropriating value. There are increasingly flows of more provisional knowledge as well, in the form of product innovation rumors exchanged within online technology blogs. Our study objective was to understand how product innovation rumors are used by firms as both inflows and outflows of provisional knowledge and their effect on the innovation process. Using interview data within a high-technology firm whose forthcoming products were the subject of rumor within technology blogs, we develop propositions regarding how inflows of product innovation rumors affect innovation decisions (while addressing concerns about appropriability and intrafirm knowledge flows) and how outflows from firms may affect stakeholders outside the firm (through selective revealing and influence of technology blog editors). Product innovation rumors in part address the paradox of openness by forming an informal means of open innovation alongside formal processes, and we suggest further research opportunities in this domain. 相似文献
16.
随着经济全球化和网络信息技术的发展,企业创新日趋呈现出开放式创新的特征,有效整合内外部创新资源的能力对企业的创新发展尤为重要。创新资源整合能力受到制度、文化、技术、社会规范等多种因素影响和制约,高效的知识流动和有效的合作网络是开放式环境下影响企业创新资源整合能力的关键因素。通过融合知识基础观和动态能力理论,从知识整合能力和动态学习能力两方面,构建企业创新资源整合能力形成机理的集成分析框架,系统阐释开放式创新环境下企业如何通过构建高效的知识流动和有效的合作网络来提升企业的创新能力及创新绩效。 相似文献
17.
在经济高质量发展的现实需求下,进一步提升区域创新效率对中国加快建设成为社会主义现代化强国具有重要意义。为探究数字经济发展对创新效率的促进作用,本文以中国大陆分地区面板数据为研究对象,采用面板熵值法和随机前沿方法,分别测算了数字经济发展水平与区域创新效率,并运用空间计量模型实证检验了数字经济发展能否通过知识溢出效应促进区域创新效率的提升。研究发现,中国的数字经济发展显著提高了区域创新效率,并且通过空间溢出效应带动了其他地区创新效率的提升。在考虑了不同的空间距离权重矩阵后,这一结果依然稳健。研究结论为充分有效地利用数字经济发展的空间溢出效应,进而促进中国区域创新效率的提高提供了政策启示。 相似文献
18.
Enterprises in both the public and private sector undertake knowledge management (KM) initiatives through which they hope to engender a new, more adaptive and flexible culture of learning and innovation in their organisations. Creative activities involving social learning and innovation are, however, more common in less formal entities such as communities of practice at work and community service organisations in civil society. This paper presents the results and implications of collaborative research into the understanding, development and evaluation of socio-technical systems (STS) designed to mobilise collective knowledge in diverse community settings. The research concerns information and communication technologies (ICT)-mediated activities of communities in the broader civil society and also those in formal organisations. The paper describes and critically evaluates a set of three STS that have the potential to support the collective knowledge of innovative groups, teams and networks, which can all be considered forms of community. The findings could be of strategic value to business, government and community service organisations initiating KM programmes aimed at using collective learning to support innovation. 相似文献
19.
The concept of open innovation captures the increasing propensity of firms to work across their traditional boundaries of operation. This phenomenon has largely been studied from the viewpoint of manufacturing businesses while services have received much less attention despite the predominant role they play in advanced economies. This paper focuses on open innovation in services, both as a subsector of the economy and as a component of the activities of manufacturing firms. We study the open innovation practices of business services firms and then consider the implications for open innovation of the adoption of a service inclusive business model by manufacturing firms. Our analyses are based on a unique dataset with information on open innovation activities amongst UK firms. Overall, engagement in open innovation increases with firm size and R&D expenditure. Business services are more active open innovators than manufacturers; they are more engaged in informal relative to formal open innovation practices than manufacturers; and they attach more importance to scientific and technical knowledge than to market knowledge compared to manufacturing firms. Open innovation practices are also associated with the adoption of a service inclusive business model in manufacturing firms and service-integrated manufacturers engage in more informal knowledge-exchange activities. The paper contributes towards a reconceptualisation of open innovation in service businesses and a deeper evidence-based understanding of the service economy. 相似文献
20.
探讨政府开放数据及科技大数据对科技创新能力评价方法和过程的影响,提出政府数据开放背景下科技创新能力评价的新思路,以期为政府科技数据的开放利用提供指导和参考。分析新思路评价过程,以广东省知识产权评价中应用政府科技开放数据为例,对比一般评价方法,说明差异及新思路的优势和前景。政府科技数据的开放共享使得获取丰富多样、客观及时、准确精细的科技创新能力评价数据成为可能,将有力推动科技能力评价方法和过程的创新与变革。 相似文献