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在调查西瓜杯色拉制作与冷藏过程中微生物菌量变化基础上,建立具有控菌特点的新工艺与制作技术.参照文献并经试制拟定西瓜杯色拉基础配方,对制作色拉的各类主要原料及成品按国家标准方法进行菌落总数、酵母菌数、假单胞菌数、乳酸菌数、肠杆菌数、球菌数检测;在不改变成品口感的前提下,对原料进行杀菌预处理,统计减菌率,确定改进配方;对色拉作4℃冷藏,序时观察细菌数变化,做出菌群分析,拟定产品保质期.结果西瓜杯色拉基础配方制品菌落总数总数为5.2×103.其中56.8％来自苹果,来自蜜桃的占31.5％,来自其余原料的均占较小比例.在不改变口感前提下,增加5倍量白葡萄酒的新配方可减菌62％,在4℃下保藏期由3d延长至5d.表明通过调整配料使用量、原料预灭菌、成品冷藏及避免二次污染,可有效控制其细菌数,降低食物中毒风险,延长保质期,对餐饮业该类食品的安全经营具有指导意义. 相似文献
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体温是指人体的温度。正常人的体温为37℃左右,可随着人的生理状态、昼夜时差、年龄、性别、环境等不同而稍有波动。一般情况下,早晨4～6时体温最低,午后5～6时体温最高,但在24小时之内,体温变化不超过1℃。这个节奏从出生后的2年到成人基本是相同的。由于人体内有完善的体温调节机构,在一定范围内不论环境温度如何变化,体温仍然能够维持在相对稳定的状态。因为机体的生命活动包含许多复杂的生物化学反应,这些生物化学反应为许多酶催化,而酶本身由蛋白质组成,它必须在适宜的温度下才具备较强的活性。温度过高或过低,都会影响体内的生物化学… 相似文献
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目的：评价超声引导下注射疗法治疗运动员肩峰下滑囊炎的临床疗效。方法：以2007年4月至2009年12月在体育医院确诊为肩峰下滑囊炎的88例运动员为研究对象,入选病例随机分为无引导注射组（对照组）及超声引导注射组（实验组）,采用视觉模拟评分法（VAS）、肩关节外展活动度、自觉症状及查体情况进行评估。结果：两组患者治疗前VAS评分及肩关节外展活动度无显著性差异（P〉0.05）。治疗后1周,实验组VAS疼痛分值较对照组明显下降,肩关节外展活动度明显大于对照组（P〈0.05）,实验组自觉症状及查体评价的优良率为93%（41/44）,明显优于对照组的75%（33/44）（P〈0.05）。结论：超声引导可以帮助更准确定位肩峰下滑囊炎的注射部位,提高了临床疗效,可作为治疗运动员肩峰下滑囊炎更有效的方法。 相似文献
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通过观察桑拿高温脱水恢复期运动时免疫细胞的变化,并与常温条件下相同运动负荷时相比较,探讨桑拿高温脱水恢复期运动对免疫细胞的影响.方法:16名身体健康的体育系男子大学生随机分为两组单纯运动组(n=8)和桑拿后运动组(n=8),分别在不同条件下进行递增负荷运动:(1)常温条件,25℃,相对湿度60%;(2)进行桑拿浴后,常... 相似文献
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目的：探究不同空间场景下不同水平定向运动员空间距离感知的特征。方法：采用2（运动水平：专家、新手）×2（场景类型：地图场景、实景场景）的混合实验设计,通过功能性近红外光谱成像技术测量在空间距离感知任务下定向运动员背外侧前额叶（DLPFC）和腹外侧前额叶（VLPFC）中含氧血红蛋白（Oxy-Hb）浓度变化。结果：1）在地图场景条件下,专家组正确率显著高于新手组,反应时显著短于新手组;在实景场景条件下,专家组正确率显著高于新手组;专家组和新手组在实景场景下正确率显著高于地图场景,反应时显著低于地图场景。2）新手组在L-VLPFC、R-VLPFC和L-DLPFC脑区Oxy-Hb激活显著,且实景场景激活程度大于地图场景;专家组在L-DLPFC脑区Oxy-Hb激活显著,且地图场景激活程度大于实景场景;实景场景条件下,L-VLPFC、L-DLPFC和R-DLPFC脑区Oxy-Hb激活显著,新手组的血氧浓度高于专家组。3）专家组在地图场景下行为绩效与L-DLPFC脑区的激活水平显著相关;新手组在实景场景下行为绩效与L-DLPFC和R-DLPFC脑区的Oxy-Hb激活水平显著相关;专家组和新手组的Ox... 相似文献
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采用文献资料法、实验法、数据统计法等方法。以肢残和健全两组男子游泳运动员为对象,根据游泳训练强度的基本理论,对两组运动员在三种成绩百分比强度后的心率表现进行一定的探索。结果表明：在相同成绩百分比强度下,肢残组无论是在即刻心率还是在1分钟后恢复心率上都远远高于健全组,并从中得出结论：采用成绩百分比这一物理指标进行训练强度的制定与评价存在一定的局限性。受肢体条件的制约,肢残运动员在使用成绩百分比这一物理指标调控强度时,显示出的生理负荷差异较健全运动员来得更大。 相似文献
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有氧训练及热应激对运动大鼠肾脏组织NO、NOS及自由基代谢的影响 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
目的：探讨有氧耐力训练对运动热应激大鼠肾脏组织NO、NOS及自由基代谢的影响。方法：对大鼠进行为期6w的递增负荷运动训练,并在运动末次施加热应激,测定大鼠肾脏组织NO、NOS、MDA和SOD含量或活性。结果：（1）运动加热应激使大鼠肾脏组织NO、NOS、iNOS和MDA显著高于安静组和急性运动组,SOD和SOD／MDA显著低于安静组和急性运动组;（2）训练安静组与安静对照组相比,MDA均显著下降,NO、NOS均显著上升;（3）训练后运动热应激大鼠肾脏组织NO、NOS、iNOS、MDA显著下降,SOD显著上升。结论：（1）在热环境下运动,机体NO、NOS和自由基代谢增加,抗氧化酶活性下降;（2）在常温下进行有氧耐力训练练,可以适当提高机体的耐热性,降低运动热应激对机体的损伤。 相似文献
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目的：探讨运动速度知觉信息对提高篮球长传球技术准确性的影响。方法：本文旨在探究运动速度知觉信息对提高篮球长传球技术准确性的积极影响,采用对比分析法,以运动心理学基础理论为理论依托,构建了两组实验模型。对照组在无遮挡物的前提下进行长传球技术训练,观察组在有遮挡物的前提下进行长传球技术训练,比较最终的成绩。结果：观察组的进步幅度明显大于时照组。结论：遮蔽法可以显著提高运动速度知觉信息对篮球长传球技术准确性,长时间的练习可以大幅度增加运动员对于客体（目标对象）运动速度的判断,值得进行推广应用。 相似文献
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This study examined the effect of carbohydrate ingestion on metabolic and performance-related responses during and after a simulated 1h cycling time trial. Eight trained male cyclists (VO 2 peak = 66.5ml kg -1 min -1 ) rode their own bicycles mounted on a windload simulator to imitate real riding conditions. At a self-selected maximal pace, the cyclists performed two 1h rides (separated by 7 days) and were fed either an 8% carbohydrate or placebo solution. The beverages were administered 25 min before (4.5ml kg -1 ) and at the end (4.5ml kg -1 ) of the ride. With carbohydrate feeding, plasma glucose tended (P = 0.21) to rise before the time trial. Compared with rest, the plasma glucose concentration decreased significantly (P < 0.05) at the end of both rides, with no statistically significant difference being observed between treatments. Thereafter, plasma glucose increased significantly (P < 0.05) at 15 and 30 min into recovery, and was significantly higher at 30 min during the carbohydrate trial compared with the placebo trial. No significant changes in plasma free fatty acids were observed during the ride. However, a significant increase (P < 0.05) in free fatty acids was found at 15 and 30 min into recovery, with no difference between trials. Mean power output was significantly (P < 0.05) greater during the carbohydrate compared with the placebo trial (mean - S.E.: 277-3 and 269-3W, respectively). The greater distance covered in the carbohydrate compared with the placebo trial (41.5-1.06 and 41.0–1.06km, respectively; P < 0.05) was equivalent to a 44s improvement. We conclude that pre-exercise carbohydrate ingestion significantly increases endurance performance in trained cyclists during a 1h simulated time trial. Although the mechanism for this enhancement in performance with carbohydrate ingestion cannot be surmised from the present results, it could be related to a higher rate of carbohydrate oxidation, or to favourable effects of carbohydrate ingestion on the central component of fatigue. 相似文献
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Roy J. Shephard 《Journal of sports sciences》2013,31(7):603-620
The biology and medicine of rowing are briefly reviewed. Effort in a 2000 -m race is about 70% aerobic. Because the boat (and in some instances a cox) must be propelled, successful competitors are very tall, with a large lean mass and aerobic power. Large hearts may lead to erroneous diagnoses of a cardiomyopathy. Large respiratory minute volumes must be developed by chest muscles that are also involved in rowing. The vital capacity is typically large, and breathing becomes entrained. Expiration cannot be slowed relative to inspiration (as normally occurs at high rates of ventilation) and the limiting flow velocity may be reached, with the potential for airway collapse. Performance is strongly related to the power output at the ‘anaerobic threshold’, and lactate measures provide a guide to an appropriate intensity of endurance training. Peak blood lactate levels are higher in males (commonly 11–19 mmol·l -1 and occasionally as high as 25 mmol·l -1) than in females (9–11 mmol·l -1), probably because males have a greater muscle mass in relation to blood volume. The skeletal muscles are predominantly slow twitch in type, developing an unusual force and power at low contraction velocities. Many rowers have a suboptimal diet, eating excessive amounts of fat. Lightweight rowers also have problems of weight cycling. Aerobic power and muscle endurance often change by 10% over the season, but such fluctuations can be largely avoided by a well-designed winter training programme. Injuries include back and knee problems, tenosynovitis of the wrist and, since the introduction of large blades, fractures of the costae. 相似文献
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许良 《体育科技文献通报》2011,19(2):1-4
基于1985、1995和2005年全国学生体质调研数据,对各时期我国城乡学生形态、机能、体能发展水平进行系统地定量研究,动态分析20年全国城乡学生体质发展的特点与规律。主要研究结果：（1）近20年城乡学生生长发育持续提前,城市学生各项形态指标生长水平高于乡村,身高城乡差距缩小,体重、胸围城乡差距加大;（2）城市学生肺活量水平高于乡村,城乡学生肺活量20年持续下降,前10年乡村学生下降快、后10年城市学生下降快;（3）乡村学生800m、1000m跑水平高于城市,城市女生50m跑、仰卧起坐水平高于乡村,其他素质城乡学生水平波动较大;（4）城市女生50m跑20年持续下降,城乡学生800m和1000m跑、城市学生50m×8往返跑20年加速下降,其他素质20年间有增有降发展极不平稳。 相似文献
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采用测量、问卷调查、数理统计等方法,分析定向运动学习前后对大学生身心健康的影响.结果经T检验和x2检验且表明：定向运动不仅能增强学生体质健康水平,而且有助于学生的情绪调节,增强自信心与创新意识,培养勇敢顽强的意志品质,建立良好的人际关系,能有效地促进学生身心健康发展.为了全面提高大学生整体素质,积极实践,构建定向运动课内外一体化教学模式,进行定向运动课程模块化教学,以满足学生的多元化需求. 相似文献
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Alan M. Nevill Roger L. Holder Andrew Bardsley Helen Calvert Stephen Jones 《Journal of sports sciences》2013,31(4):437-443
A regression analysis of competitors' tournament results in relation to their world rankings was proposed to identify the effect of home advantage in international ‘grand-slam’ tennis and ‘major’ golf tournaments. The results provided little evidence of home advantage in either the grand-slam tennis or the golf tournaments held in 1993. The only possible evidence of home advantage was found in the Wimbledon tennis and the US Open golf championships. Even these findings can be explained, at least partially, by (1) the availability of information concerning the low world rankings of the British tennis players competing at Wimbledon, and (2) selective entry, allowing only the world's top-ranked foreign golfers into the US open golf tournament. In both cases, the lower ranking home competitors have a greater opportunity to perform above their anticipated world rankings. Therefore, provided entry into tennis and golf tournaments is truly ‘open’ to both the host nation's representatives and foreign competitors alike, home advantage does not appear to be a major factor influencing the competitors' performance in such competitions. These findings may be explained by the relatively objective nature of the scoring systems used in tennis and golf, unlike the subjective influence of refereeing decisions on the results of team-games such as soccer. 相似文献
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曲爱宁 《体育科技文献通报》2007,15(8):97-98
柔韧素质是健美操专业学生的专项素质之一,通过对普通高校健美操专业学生分组对照进行柔韧性训练的实验研究,认为对训练肌群辅以按摩器振颤刺激,可大大提高柔韧性训练效果。 相似文献
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我国城市体育自然环境建设与发展的研究 总被引：5，自引：0，他引：5
采用实地调查研究、理性思维研究和文献资料调研等方法对主要问题进行了专门研究，提出了进行城市体育场所区域生态功能区划、设计体育生态功能区布局的方案、做好体育场所绿色环境系统规划、制定体育场所生态与绿地管理措施等基本观点，提出了若干城市体育自然环境建设与发展的对策。 相似文献
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重新认识体育的社会关联 总被引：3，自引：1，他引：2
体育与政治之间存在一个悖论，体育的发展与经济实力之间没有直线相关，体育与教育部分重叠，体育与宗教最为近缘，体育可借用科学手段，体育的艺术禀性日益明显，体育与养生反映着两种人生观。 相似文献