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1.
随着移动互联网及移动终端等技术的快速发展,智慧教育已经成为新时代发展的必然趋势。体育微课作为智慧教育的一种重要形式,具有“互动、高效、便捷”等优势,可以有效地帮助学生随时随地掌握体育知识及运动技能。然而,目前中小学体育微课质量不高、内容欠缺、体验不佳,使得微课在中小学体育教学中的应用还不够广泛。因此,该文将对体育微课的设计进行介绍,帮助广大体育教师了解如何独立制作一个体育微课,为中小学体育微课的开发提供参考。 相似文献
2.
微课是应用于网络传播或媒体终端播放的视频短片,可以用于学生的自主学习或答疑解惑,也可以用于教师之间经验方法的传授与交流。体育微课作品结合本学科的特点,内容一般是运动方法的传授、教学经验的总结及运动技能知识的讲解和展示等。所以,体育微课可以是对一个技术片段的展示与强调,也可以是对一个技术单元的经验总结,更可以细微到对一个技术动作环节的强调。本文以技术动作展示的微课为例来阐述体育微课的制作流程:第一步是选题。选题是微课制作最关键的环节,我们要根据微课制作 相似文献
3.
IGFs对骨骼肌的作用及运动对其影响 总被引：4，自引：0，他引：4
对胰岛素样生长因子系统(IGFs,主要是IGF-I)在骨骼肌的生长发育、适应性肥大、微损伤修复过程中起的作用及运动对其影响进行了综述。分析表明:IGF-I不仅可以通过与特异性IGF受体结合,来调节骨骼肌的生长发育;还可以通过局部调节蛋白质的代谢、刺激卫星细胞的增殖等方式来影响骨骼肌的生长发育、促进微损伤修复。至于运动对血清IGF-I影响的结论还不一致,但比较肯定的是运动可以提高局部组织的IGF-I水平。 相似文献
4.
离心运动致大鼠骨骼肌微损伤形态学及血清CK活性变化的研究 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
以成年雄性SD大鼠为研究对象,从离心运动致大鼠骨骼肌微损伤形态学及血清CK活性变化的角度,探讨骨骼肌微损伤形态学与血清CK活性间的变化规律,为骨骼肌运动性损伤机制的探索及预防与康复等提供实验依据.动物模型采用一次持续性下坡跑运动训练.训练结束后,按不同时间点取血、取材.骨骼肌光镜切片(HE)制作与观察,血清肌酸激酶活性的测定采用南京建成生物工程研究所提供的肌酸激酶(CK)试剂盒和6010紫外-可见分光光度计,数据处理采用SPSS13.0软件.结果:大鼠离心运动后骨骼肌组织损伤形态学和CK活性均出现不用程度的变化,骨骼肌微损伤形态学改变在运动后24～48h最为明显,而血清CK活性的峰值出现于离心运动后即刻,表明血清CK活性与骨骼肌损伤的形态学改变并不一致,骨骼肌损伤的形态学变化呈时相性、延迟性的特征. 相似文献
5.
《网球》2012,(8):126
7月13日,由北京市体育局主办、北京东方国际网球发展中心(BOT)承办的百万公民微网球进社区免费体验活动走进北京市公安局机关大院,向市局民警现场推广微网球运动。这是继"七一"微网球正式对外销售之后,在政府机关举办首次微网球免费公益体验活动。据BOT工作人员介绍,"微"的概念有两层含义,一是安全性,微网球使用的是特制的海绵球,弹性高,打在身上却不疼,运动的危险性比网球更"微";二是简化性,微网球在某种程度上,可以理解为对网球的简化,它比网球更好掌握,更适合初学者。总之,相比于网球,微网球更安全、更简单、也更开放。BOT微网球项目经理王柱介说,BOT推出微网球,根本目的在于让网球文化更深入地走进城市居民生活。"说到底,运动是一种生活方式。能够走进最广大群众生活的运动,才是有生命力的运动。以前大多数人了解网球,都是通过各类比赛,现在有了微网球,胡同里的老人和孩子也能够亲身体验到网球的乐趣。"网球文化是体育文化的一种,而现代体育文化的基本精神之一,就是健康与公益。王柱对记者说:"微网球不仅是一项运动, 相似文献
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7.
不同磷脂补充对运动小鼠骨骼肌细胞膜损伤的影响研究 总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3
目的:探讨肝源性磷脂补充与大豆磷脂补充对小鼠骨骼肌细胞膜损伤的影响,为磷脂补充应用于运动训练提供理论基础.方法:提取肝源性磷脂与大豆磷脂,并制备其灌胃悬浊液,对50只昆明种小鼠进行两周的灌胃实验,一次性力竭游泳后提取其股四头肌细胞膜,测定其MDA、SOD、Na+-K+-ATP 酶活性及荧光偏振度P、微粘度η、膜脂流动性LFU等指标,并设限食组.结果:力竭运动显著增加了细胞膜MDA的表达,降低了SOD和Na和Na+-K+-ATP酶表达,磷脂补充减少了运动后这些指标的变化,细胞膜流动性指标荧光偏振度和微粘度在运动后增加,LFU在运动后降低,磷脂补充降低了这些变化的幅度,且上述指标均表现为肝磷脂效果显著.结论:相同浓度不同类型磷脂补充对一次性力竭运动小鼠骨骼肌细胞膜损伤有较强的修复作用,肝源性磷脂效果优于大豆磷脂,且不会对小鼠体重及饮食产生影响. 相似文献
8.
运用文献研究法,结合教学实践对微课与啦啦操公共体育课结合模式进行探索。高校公共体育啦啦操课程面临着诸多困境,其发展受到众多因素制约。啦啦操课程之微课具有教学手段丰富、动作过程直观展示、翻转课堂模式创新等优点,可有效应用于课前、课中、课后三个教学实施环节,产生积极的教学效能,有效促进学生对啦啦操运动技能的理解与掌握,从而推动啦啦操运动的普及与发展。 相似文献
9.
对运动介导肠道与大脑联络的相关文献进行综述,分析适宜运动与过度训练对肠道功能和肠-脑轴之间神经传导及生物信号分子的影响,以揭示其作用机制。发现：肠道与大脑之间关系密切,肠-脑轴之间的双向神经联系和相关生物信号分子是实现肠道与大脑之间对话的媒介。运动可通过调控肠道与大脑之间的神经联系和相关生物分子影响肠-脑轴,介导肠道与大脑的健康及神经、精神疾病的转归。肠道微生物是实现肠-脑轴之间信息沟通的重要参与者,运动对肠道功能与肠-脑轴的调节可通过调控肠道微生态,及其介导的神经传导途径和生物信号分子的变化发挥终端效应,进而影响高级神经功能。不同强度的运动对肠道微生态及肠-脑轴的调节效应差异颇大,适宜运动和过度训练引起的干预结果截然不同。 相似文献
10.
运动心脏作为运动员所特有的＂高功能,高储备,大心脏＂一直被认为是运动员良好体能状态的重要保障,但在运动训练监控中我们发现一些运动员或多或少存在某些心脏结构改变和心律失常现象,往往影响运动员的系统训练和竞技水平的提高,常常困扰着运动员和教练员。运动医学研究也显示,在大运动量训练与反复大强度运动后运动心脏细胞与亚细胞的形态结构与功能代谢发生了某些失代偿性改变,引起运动性心肌微损伤,而且,右心房、右心室及内膜下心肌组织是运动心脏对大运动量训练与反复大强度运动的敏感区域,又称易损部位。尽管目前运动性心肌微损伤现象已为人所知,且运动性心律失常发生也与运动性心肌微损伤有关,但其病因、病理及发病机制尚不十分明了,运动员心肌微损伤与运动性心脏意外的发生很难早期诊断、预测和防治。针对优秀运动员潜在心脏隐患的调研也证实优秀运动员存在较高的心律失常风险,且专项训练年限长的运动员更为常见,一些运动员因此而退赛,甚至退役。运动性心律失常已经成为影响运动员体能、健康以及正常训练比赛的重要原因之一,制约了部分优秀运动员竞技水平和比赛成绩的提高。部分退役运动员留下了永久性的心律失常。本文主要针对运动性心律失常的常见类型以及病理变化与发生机制进行了综述与探讨,并对未来研究前景进行了展望,希望开展运动性心律失常电生和分子病理的研究,规避运动场上心血管意外的发生,保障运动员健康、延长运动寿命。 相似文献
11.
《European Journal of Sport Science》2013,13(3):238-243
Abstract Exercise to failure results in similar muscle protein synthesis responses, independent of intensity. However, low-intensity exercise likely requires more repetitions and individuals with injuries may be incapable of sustaining the mechanical stress to reach failure. The aim of this study was to determine if knee wraps provide a stimulus to decrease time to failure. Twenty healthy individuals participated in a randomized crossover study consisting of three trials. The first trial was used to determine one-repetition maximum (1-RM) on leg extension. Participants were then assigned to a blood flow restriction or control group. After trial 2, participants crossed over to the opposite trial. Knee wraps were placed around the upper thigh of each leg during blood flow restriction. Leg extensions were completed at 30% 1-RM until failure. A rating of perceived exertion was taken after exercise and whole blood samples were taken before, after, and 3 min after exercise for the determination of lactate. Repetitions until failure and total work were significantly lower with practical blood flow restriction compared with the control trial. Metabolic stress as measured by whole blood lactate was higher immediately after muscular failure in the control compared with the blood flow restriction trial, but not so 3 min after exercise. There were no differences in ratings of perceived exertion. In conclusion, knee wraps provide a stimulus for blood flow restriction allowing failure to occur sooner with similar metabolic stress after reperfusion. However, similar perceptual responses despite the lower workload with blood flow restriction may limit its application to the highly motivated. 相似文献
12.
《European Journal of Sport Science》2013,13(1):68-77
Abstract The aim of this study was to evaluate the influence of different apparatuses, procedures and calculations on the precision of the optimized carbon monoxide method. Total haemoglobin mass was determined twice on consecutive days in 11 subjects using both venous and capillary blood samples. To estimate loss of carbon monoxide due to exhalation, carbon monoxide concentration was measured by two portable carbon monoxide analysers (Fluke CO-220, Fluke, Norwich, UK and Pac 7000 Carbon Monoxide, Draeger Safety, Northumberland, UK) and alveolar ventilation was specified using an automated metabolic gas analysis system (Cosmed Quark b2, Cosmed, Rome, Italy). Blood volume was derived from total haemoglobin mass using haemoglobin concentration and haematocrit obtained in both the supine and the seated position. Two different formulae to calculate blood volume were also compared. Precision was good for both total haemoglobin mass and blood volume measurements performed on consecutive days (typical error < 2%). Using Fluke CO-220 analyser, an estimated alveolar ventilation and capillary blood, total haemoglobin mass (917±136 g) was similar when compared to the Pac 7000 Draeger CO-analyser (904±137 g; mean bias –13 g with 95% limits of agreement –26 to + 1 g, P=0.76), specified alveolar ventilation (911±132 g, mean bias –6 g with 95% limits of agreement –18 g to + 6 g, P =0.87) and venous blood (917±134 g, mean bias 0 g with 95% limits of agreement –38 to + 38 g, P=0.99), respectively. Blood volume determination was also not significantly affected by the supine vs. seated position (6.7±0.8 l vs. 6.6±0.8 l, P=0.56) but can deviate by ~0.6 l (P=0.01) depending on the formula applied. Thus, the good precision of the assessment of total haemoglobin mass and blood volume using the optimized carbon monoxide rebreathing method is not significantly influenced by the make of CO analyser, method of obtaining alveolar ventilation, blood sampling method and subject position, but should for longitudinal monitoring purposes use the same formula. 相似文献
13.
太极拳对老年人心脑血管机能影响的纵向观察 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
采用XX-D型心功能仪对郑州市健康路练习太极拳的47名老年人进行42式太极拳负荷后即刻心血管功能检测,应用GR-2B型全晶体管化电桥式血流图仪进行打太极拳负荷后测双额乳导联的脑血流图.通过1年纵向观察表明:老年人坚持42式太极拳锻炼有助于增加心脑血管的功能. 相似文献
14.
Sandra Billinger 《Cardiopulmonary Physical Therapy Journal》2010,21(1):22-24
Purpose: To discuss the role of the vascular system and regulation of blood flow delivery in individuals with chronic stroke. This paper will discuss mechanisms of blood flow, vascular remodeling in chronic stroke, exercise as an intervention to improve blood flow delivery, and the role of physical therapy practice in promoting exercise. Key Points: Evidence suggests that people with chronic stroke may experience reduced blood flow and decreased arterial diameter in the hemiparetic limb. These arterial changes may influence exercise performance and functional ambulation. However, exercise training can be an effective intervention for improving blood flow delivery in the hemiparetic limb. Statement of Recommendations: Physical therapists working with people post-stroke should routinely prescribe aerobic exercise training within the plan of care during stroke rehabilitation. This may minimize declines in the cardiorespiratory and vascular systems and provide greater functional capacity to perform functional activities during and after discharge from physical therapy services.Key Words: blood flow, stroke, cardiovascular, exercise 相似文献
15.
This paper reports the findings of two investigations into methodological problems associated with the interpretation of blood lactate (BLa) in the sports sciences. In Experiment 1, brachial artery (A), antecubital venous (V) and fingertip capillary (C) blood samples were drawn simultaneously from nine subjects (mean age 21.1 +/- 1.3 years) during an incremental treadmill protocol and immediately assayed for BLa concentration. Experiment 2 investigated the extent of lactate concentration differences in whole blood (WB), lysed blood (LB) and plasma (P) measured using a YSI 23 AM analyser. In Experiment 1, a comparison of the mean BLa concentrations obtained from the three sites revealed no significant differences (P greater than 0.05). Correlations between BLa samples from different sites were very high, with r values ranging from 0.858 to 0.983. In Experiment 2, the mean lactate concentrations were: WB, 4.7 +/- 2.7 mM; LB, 5.0 +/- 3.0 mM; P, 7.0 +/- 3.8 mM. Plasma (P) values were significantly higher than WB and LB. Values from all sites were highly correlated with coefficients ranging from 0.963 to 0.987. In conclusion: (1) Significant arterial and venous BLa concentration differences do not exist during incremental treadmill exercise. (2) As capillary BLa concentrations reflect arterial values, their use in laboratory and field settings is recommended. (3) Lactate concentration differences in whole blood, lysed blood and plasma will influence the assessment of performance at fixed lactate reference values. (4) If the inter-laboratory test procedures are to be standardized and results compared, precise reporting of lactate sampling and assay techniques is critical. 相似文献
16.
目的:为了探讨血流限制训练的历史脉络、研究现状以及存在的争议。方法:通过文献资料、逻辑分析、归纳总结等研究方法梳理血流限制训练的历史脉络,进一步分析、验证其对人体健康体适能的效果以及对其存在的争议进行剖析归因。结果与结论:血流限制训练可成为传统高强度力量训练的可行替代方式,对不同人群的健康都具有积极促进作用;负荷强度≤40%1RM的血流限制训练对肌肉适能具有正向效益,在特定条件下可提高肌肉的最大力量及横截面积;血流限制训练可通过增加机体VO2max、改善血管内皮功能和外周血循环、提高心脏代谢能力达到促进心肺耐力的目的;此外,血流限制训练结合小负荷运动能够有效改善人体身体成分、显著降低体脂肪量增加幅度。提示:加压压力取值与训练的安全性是紧密相连的,对不同人群的合理加压压力取值是需要进一步监控和评估的。 相似文献
17.
目的:观察血管紧张素Ⅱ在废用性肌萎缩过程中对骨骼肌毛细血管重塑的影响。方法:以雌性SD大鼠为研究对象,按随机配对原则分成4组,即安静对照组(C)、安静+缓释血管紧张素Ⅱ组(CA)、悬吊组(T)、悬吊+缓释血管紧张素Ⅱ组(TA),每组8只。ATPase染色法分析骨骼肌毛细血管的变化情况,用单位面积骨骼肌毛细血管数量/肌细胞数量,即(C/F)观察毛细血管密度的变化;免疫印迹分析血管内皮生长因子(VEGF)及血管内皮生长因子2型受体(KDR)蛋白表达量的变化;免疫组化法观察VEGF及KDR在组织内的表达情况。结果:骨骼肌毛细血管染色结果显示,CA组与其他三组相比骨骼肌毛细血管密度(C/F)显著增多(P<0.05),而T组与C组相比C/F显著下降(P<0.05),TA与T组相比C/F略有升高,但没有统计学差异;免疫印迹结果显示,CA组与C组相比VEGF表达量下降,但KDR表达量上升;TA组与T组相比VEGF、KDR表达量均显著上升(P<0.05)。结论:正常情况下血管紧张素Ⅱ促进骨骼肌毛细血管的增长,在骨骼肌萎缩过程中,骨骼肌毛细血管密度下降,而血管紧张素Ⅱ对骨骼肌毛细血管密度有一定的维持作用。 相似文献
18.
Hiking physiology and the "quasi-isometric" concept 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
Spurway NC 《Journal of sports sciences》2007,25(10):1081-1093
The literature indicates that the heart rate of a planing-dinghy sailor, in winds of 4 - 5 m . s(-1), is in the range seen in aerobic athletes, yet oxygen consumption (VO(2)) is roughly half that of the same individual cycling at that heart rate. Thus, although upper-body dynamic activity is a contributing factor, the dominant physiological demand must be the "quasi-isometric" stress on the lower-body anterior muscles - especially the quadriceps, which appears to impose 40 - 50% of the total oxygen demand in a typical hiking posture. Therefore, a non-trivial part of the sailor's fitness training should involve sustained quadriceps stress. Estimates of this stress on water vary widely in the literature, but about 25 - 30% maximal voluntary contraction (MVC) tallies with endurance times recorded both in the literature and in an outline of new work reported here. Muscle blood flow is restricted under such a load, but not occluded. Laser Doppler measurements of femoral blood flow on a leg-extension ergometer found similar values during 10 - 30% MVC, much less at 40%, and marked hyperaemia on relaxation from 20% MVC or more - implying metabolic debt. Adding low-amplitude alternating leg movements while holding the same overall load stationary, and therefore increasing only internal not external work, further elevates blood flow and VO(2) both during and after exercise. Femoral-vein lactate concentration is also higher after these movements. Speculations that unusually dynamic lower-body movements by elite sailors might assist hiking endurance are not supported by these findings. Nevertheless, afloat or ashore, capillary lactate concentrations hardly ever exceed 5 mmol . l(-1), even during the post-exercise surge - challenging assumptions that the quadriceps had been profoundly anaerobic while under load. On the contrary, it appears that aerobic metabolism contributes substantially, if not completely, to energy supply. A preliminary comparison of elite sailors with aerobic athletes suggests that isometric endurance at a given percentage MVC does not differ between the two groups, but the sailors have higher MVCs. In individuals not highly strength-trained, greater electromyogram activity immediately before capitulation than in an MVC performed while fresh indicates that physiological (not just volitional) limits have been reached. It is concluded that the literature and the outline of my recent work with colleagues support the view that the predominant physiological load during single-handed dinghy sailing is quasi-isometric in form and accounts for roughly half of the metabolic demand. Any more complete account of the physiology of hiking will require simultaneous on-water measurement of electromyographic, cardiovascular, and metabolic indicators in sailors extending from club to Gold Medal standard. 相似文献
19.
太极拳运动员局部血流量和血氧饱和度变化的机理 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
采用实验对比的方法,对两组对象(运动员组与大学生组)进行局部血流量和血氧饱和度的测定。结果显示,太极拳运动员在定量运动中和定量运动后,局部血流量和血氧饱和度明显增加。其变化机理与太极拳运动调心、调息、调身,以及该运动对机体血管机能和调控的影响有关。 相似文献
20.
间歇性低氧训练研究进展 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
间歇性低氧训练作为传统高原训练方法的补充，已被广泛应用。国内外研究显示，间歇性低氧训练可以使机体生理机能及分子水平产生适应，如血液的EPO、RBC、Hb和骨骼肌HIF、VEGF、肌红蛋白以及毛细血管密度等产生一些适应性变化。由此．间歇性低氧训练可以改善运动员的生理机能和运动能力。 相似文献