首页 | 本学科首页   官方微博 | 高级检索  
相似文献
 共查询到20条相似文献，搜索用时 31 毫秒
1.
This study examined 361 Chinese and 345 Singaporean sixth-grade students’ performance and problem-solving strategies for solving 14 problems about speed. By focusing on students from two distinct high-performing countries in East Asia, we provide a useful perspective on the differences that exist in the preparation and problem-solving strategies of these groups of students. The strategy analysis indicates that the Chinese sample used algebraic strategies more frequently and more successfully than the Singaporean sample, although the Chinese sample used a limited variety of strategies. The Singaporean sample’s use of model-drawing produced a performance advantage on one problem by converting multiplication/division of fractions into multiplication/division of whole numbers. Several suggestions regarding teaching and learning of mathematical problem solving, algebra, and problems about speed and its related concepts of ratio and proportion are made.  相似文献   

2.
This study examines the computational strategies of ten young street vendors in Beirut by describing, comparing, and analyzing the computational strategies used in solving three types of problems in two settings: transactions in the workplace, word problems, and computation exercises in a school-like setting. The results indicate that vendors' use of semantically-based mental computational strategies was more predominant in transactions and word problems than in computation exercises whereas written school-like computational strategies were used more frequently in computation exercises than in word problems and transactions. There was clear evidence of more effective use of logico-mathematical properties in transactions and word problems than in computation exercises. Moreover, the success rate associated with each of transactions and word problems was much higher than that associated with computation exercises.This revised version was published online in September 2005 with corrections to the Cover Date.  相似文献   

3.
The purpose of this study was to investigate the relationship between both 9th-grade and 1st-year undergraduate students’ use of “look back” strategies and problem solving performance in multiple solution methods, the difference in their use of look back strategies and problem solving performance in multiple solution methods, and the role of look back strategies in problem solving in multiple solution methods. Data for this study were comprised of 30 9th-grade and 30 1st-year undergraduate students’ problem solving scores in multiple solution methods and their think-aloud protocols. Based on and expanded from Polya’s (1973) ideas, “look back” in the present study means “examination of what was done or learned previously.” The results of this study indicated that both the 9th-grade and 1st-year undergraduate students who looked back more frequently tended to perform better in multiple solution methods, the 1st-year undergraduate students tended to look back more frequently and perform better than the 9th-grade students in multiple solution methods, and both the 9th-grade and 1st-year undergraduate students tended to review and to compare multiple solution methods in their use of look back strategies.  相似文献   

4.
What strategies do high school students use when solving chemistry problems? The purpose for conducting this study was to determine the general problem-solving skills that students use in solving problems involving moles, stoichiometry, the gas laws, and molarity. The strategies were examined for success in problem solving for 266 students of varying proportional reasoning ability, using interviews incorporating the think-aloud technique. Data were coded using a scheme based on Polya's heuristics. Results indicated that successful students and those with high proportional reasoning ability tended to use algorithmic reasoning strategies more frequently than nonsuccessful and low proportional reasoning students. However, the majority of all students solved the chemistry problems using only algorithmic methods, and did not understand the chemical concepts on which the problems were based.  相似文献   

5.
估算在解决一些生活实际问题和检验计算结果合理性等方面有突出的价值,对中、美两国学生估算能力的调查研究,发现估算教学越来越受到重视,而中国学生在大数的估计、估算策略的优化及解决难题等方面明显优于美国学生,其根源在于中国学生对数学的重视程度以及在数学上所花的时间远大于美国学生,所以对数学基础知识和基本技能也就是"双基"的掌握更为扎实。  相似文献   

6.
良好的学习方法,不论是内在的或外在的认知过程,只要能够促进知识概念的学习、能达到长久的记忆和灵活的运用都可称之为学习策略。文献上认为图解法能帮助学生彻底了解基本概念、分析及解题能力,图像表征不只让同学印象很深刻,更能提升同学的逻辑思考能力。研究以侨光科技大学的会计信息系的学生为实验对象,以成本会计科目作为实验教材,研究发现融入图解法教学的实验组学生,无论在后测成绩、进步幅度等整体成效均优于控制组,显示融入图解法教学之解题策略有助于提高解题之成效。研究显示,学习能力对成本会计题的学习成效有两个影响：第一,在整体解题成效分析中显示,高学习能力组学生的进步幅度较小,而对低学习能力组学生的效益较大;其次,在三大类型题个别成效分析中显示,在简单基本题及中等困难题高学习能力组的后测成绩虽较高,但进步幅度较小,而在复杂计算题显示高能力组学生在本题的解题表现略优于低能力组学生。  相似文献   

7.
对欧美韩日学生阅读猜词策略的问卷调查研究   总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2  
文章采用问卷调查方法,对初、中级水平307名欧美、韩、日汉语学习者汉语阅读猜词策略使用情况进行了调查研究。结果显示：日本学生由于汉字优势,不仅在猜词策略使用总体上显著优于欧美、韩国学生,而且在初级阶段就能自如运用字形策略猜词;相反,欧美、韩国学生对汉字字形策略的运用有一个发展的过程。大语境猜词等以内容为导向猜词策略的使用对二语水平要求较高。  相似文献   

8.
This study investigated the effects of different visual strategies in the solving of word problems in computer-based lessons. There were three visual treatments, namely, visual-supplied, self-generated, and no-visual. Together with this, students were given two option-control treatments of programme-control where subjects solved ten problems, and learner-control where subjects solved six problems and were then allowed to choose up to ten additional problems.

Primary four students (n = 138) from two schools were randomly assigned to treatments in a (3 x 2) factorial design. To complete the experimental task, subjects worked individually at the computer for three sessions, each lasting approximately forty-five minutes. During the lessons, subjects were shown examples and prototype solutions, and solved word problems. A delayed post-test was administered a week later. Using on-task scores as the dependent variable, no visual treatment effect was detected. The self-generated group's post-test mean scores were significantly higher than those of the other two visual groups. Subjects in the learner-control group attempted five more problems than subjects in the programme-control group but the post-test scores were lower in the learner-control group. Results from this study suggest that requiring students to generate their own visuals is an effective strategy for solving word problems. Although students in the learner-control group attempted additional problems, their additional exposure did not result in higher post-test scores.  相似文献   


9.
One hundred and thirty-three mathematics teachers of deaf students from grades 6-12 responded to a survey on mathematics word problem-solving practices. Half the respondents were teachers from center schools and the other half from mainstream programs. The latter group represented both integrated and self-contained classes. The findings clearly show that regardless of instructional setting, deaf students are not being sufficiently engaged in cognitively challenging word problem situations. Overall, teachers were found to focus more on practice exercises than on true problem-solving situations. They also emphasize problem features, possibly related to concerns about language and reading skills of their students, rather than analytical and thinking strategies. Consistent with these emphases, teachers gave more instructional attention to concrete visualizing strategies than to analytical strategies. Based on the results of this study, it appears that in two of the three types of educational settings, the majority of instructors teaching mathematics and word problem solving to deaf students lack adequate preparation and certification in mathematics to teach these skills. The responses of the certified mathematics teachers support the notion that preparation and certification in mathematics makes a difference in the kinds of word problem-solving challenges provided to deaf students.  相似文献   

10.
Students with learning disabilities (LD) consistently struggle with word problem solving in mathematics classes. This difficulty has made curricular, state, and national tests particularly stressful, as word problem solving has become a predominant feature of such student performance assessments. Research suggests that students with LD perform poorly on word problem‐solving items due primarily to deficits in problem representation. Therefore, it is imperative that teachers provide these students with supplemental problem‐solving instruction that specifically targets the development of representational strategies. This article describes how one representational strategy, using number lines, can be used to model word problems as part of a comprehensive problem‐solving intervention to improve the conceptual understanding of math word problems and, subsequently, the problem‐solving performance of students with LD.  相似文献   

11.
Linear programming problems were presented, in a predominantly visual setting, to high school students who were not acquainted with any specific methods for solving such problems. The strategies developed by the students for coping with these problems were identified and classified. Visual strategies were developed more frequently than either algebraic or mixed ones. In many cases, these visual strategies were unsophisticated. Providing the students with a visual solution tool (a level curve of the target function) did not lead to significant changes.  相似文献   

12.
The present study investigated the differences of strategy use between low-, average-, and high-achieving students when solving different multiplication problems. Nineteen high-, 48 average-, and 17 low-achieving students participated in this study. All participants were asked to complete three different multiplication tests and to explain how they solved these problems. Results suggested that low achievers used incorrect operation strategies more frequently, indicating a lack of conceptual understanding of multiplication. High-achieving students demonstrated greater flexibility in problem-solving and were more accurate in performing direct retrieval or math algorithm strategies. Results were discussed about improving low achievers’ use of advanced strategies, enhancing their flexibility in choosing strategies and improving students’ accuracy in using direct retrieval or math algorithms.  相似文献   

13.
Building on previous listening strategy research, the author aimed to explore the differences between Chinese high-proficiency listeners (HLs) and low-proficiency listeners (LLs) on their strategy use, problems, and motivation in native language (L1) listening. It involved 1,290 Grade 7 and 1,515 Grade 9 students. Both quantitative and qualitative methods, including a listening comprehension test, questionnaires, and interviews, were adopted. The findings indicated that HLs possessed more types of strategies and used strategies more frequently and effectively than LLs. HLs not only reported fewer listening problems but also had a better awareness of listening problems and use of problem-solving strategies than LLs. Both HLs and LLs agreed with the importance of listening but showed little interest in doing listening tasks. The similarities and differences between the findings of this study and those of second-language listening research and implications for planning effective instruction to enhance native language listening proficiency are discussed.  相似文献   

14.
Low mathematics achievement is a persistent problem in the United States, and multiplication is a fundamental area in which many students manifest learning difficulties. This study examined the strategic developmental levels of multiplication problem solving among 121 elementary school students in Grades 3 through 5. A latent class analysis modeling was used to identify three valid groups representing different patterns of strategy choices for each of three types of multiplication problems. Findings indicated intra-group variability for problem-solving accuracy, for frequency of using different strategies, and for accuracy of executing direct retrieval/algorithm (DR/AG) strategies. Students demonstrated relative consistency in their strategy choices for solving the three problem types. Students who used DR/AG strategies most frequently showed the highest problem-solving accuracy and the highest accuracy of executing the DR/AG strategies. Students who most frequently relied on incorrect operations or who indicated they did not know how to solve problems demonstrated the lowest problem-solving accuracy among the three groups; the number of students in this group increased with problem difficulty levels. Implications are discussed in terms of identifying students' strategic developmental levels and providing differentiated instruction based on the identified levels.  相似文献   

15.
The purpose of this study was to investigate eight preservice middle and high school mathematics teachers’ solution strategies when solving single and multiple proportion problems. Real-world missing-value word problems were used in an interview setting to collect information about preservice teachers’ (PSTs) reasoning about proportional relationships. An explanatory case study methodology with multiple cases was used to make comparisons within and across cases. Analysis of the semi-structured interviews with each PST revealed that using practical problems, in which plastic gears and a mini balance system were provided, and multiple proportion problems facilitated the PSTs’ recognition of the proportional relationships in their solutions. Therefore, they avoided using cross-multiplication and erroneous strategies in those problems. Among the strategies that the PSTs used in solving single and multiple proportion problems, the ratio table strategy was the most frequent and effective strategy. The ratio table strategy enabled the PSTs to recognize the constant ratio and product relationships more than the other strategies. The results of this study illuminate how PSTs reason about proportional relationships when they cannot rely on computation methods like cross-multiplication.  相似文献   

16.
在数学教学中会遇到具有探究价值的问题,及时捕捉,启发学生运用归纳、类比、猜想的思维方法,将问题横向联系,纵向拓展,对激发学生学习兴趣、提升学习能力、挖掘学习潜能很有帮助。为此,从一道与椭圆有关的解析几何题出发,运用猜想方法,由表及里,探求出问题本质;用归纳法纵向延伸,归纳出一般结论;用类比法横向拓展,类比椭圆、双曲线共有的两个性质,实现从解一题到通一类、会一法的跨越。  相似文献   

17.
The purpose of this study was to investigate language related difficulties and the language of cognitive processes of English-Korean bilingual students in solving mathematics word problems. Qualitative case study research methodology was used to collect, analyze, and present data. The principle of purposeful sampling was used to select six English-Korean bilingual students. Different types of bilinguals revealed distinct patterns of difficulties and languages in solving mathematics word problems written in English and Korean. Children in the transition stage that is unstable and changing revealed more difficulties in solving the mathematics word problems overall.This article is a summary of doctoral dissertation under the direction of James W. Wilson at the University of Georgia.  相似文献   

18.
The present study aims to investigate the effects of a design experiment developed for third-grade students in the field of mathematics word problems. The main focus of the program was developing students?? knowledge about word problem solving strategies with an emphasis on the role of visual representations in mathematical modeling. The experiment involved five experimental and six control classes (N?=?106 and 138, respectively) of third-grade students. The experiment comprised 20 lessons with 73 word problems, providing a systematic overview of the basic word problem types. Teachers of the experimental classes received a booklet containing lesson plans and overhead transparencies with different types of visual representations attached to the word problems. Students themselves were invited to make drawings for each task, and group work and teacher-led discussion shaped their beliefs about the role of visual representations in word problem solving. The effect sizes of the experiment were calculated from the results of two tests: an arithmetic skill and a word problem test, and the unbiased estimates for Cohen??s d proved to be 0.20 and 0.62. There were significant changes also in experimental group students?? beliefs about mathematics. The experiment pointed to the possibility, feasibility, and importance of learning about visual representations in mathematical word problem solving as early as in grade?3 (around age 9?C10).  相似文献   

19.
This study examined conflict resolution strategies (CRSs) resorted to by sixth, seventh, and eighth grade primary school pupils in Turkey and identified gender differences in the resolution strategies typically resorted to. In addition, the study aimed to find out what actual conflicts students asked assistance for from teachers and what strategies students thought teachers used in dealing with their conflicts. The data for this research were collected via a questionnaire involving mostly open-ended items. Results supported the notion that three main groups of strategies (problem-solving, avoiding and aggressive) typically get implemented in solving conflicts. Problem-solving strategies were observed to be most frequently employed by the participants. There was a significant gender difference in terms of the use of CRSs, in that girls were more likely to use problem-solving strategies than boys. The majority of the participants tended not to ask for assistance from teachers in resolving their conflicts. However, students from low SES schools were more likely to ask for teacher assistance than students from middle and high SES schools. The participants also stated that teachers typically used two main strategies in helping them resolve their conflicts: problem-solving and aggressive strategies.  相似文献   

20.
The purpose of this study was to investigate students' use of visual imagery and its relationship to spatial visualization ability while solving mathematical word problems. Students with learning disabilities (LD), average achievers, and gifted students in sixth grade (N = 66) participated in this study. Students were assessed on measures of mathematical problem solving, visual imagery representation, and spatial visualization ability. The results indicated that gifted students performed better on both spatial visualization measures than students with LD and average-achieving students. Use of visual images was positively correlated with higher mathematical word-problem-solving performance. Furthermore, the use of schematic imagery was significantly and positively correlated with higher performance on each spatial visualization measure; conversely, it was negatively correlated with the use of pictorial images.  相似文献   

设为首页 | 免责声明 | 关于勤云 | 加入收藏

Copyright©北京勤云科技发展有限公司  京ICP备09084417号