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1.
实验以某炼油厂FCC汽油为原料,双氧水为氧化剂、甲酸为催化剂、N,N-二甲基甲酰胺作为萃取溶剂,采用高压釜反应器。进行了氧化萃取脱硫工艺的研究。实验对双氧水用量、甲酸催化剂用量、反应温度和反应时间进行了考察。实验最佳脱硫工艺条件为氧化剂用量占汽油体积的3%,催化剂用量占汽油体积的9%,反应温度为30℃,反应时间为60mim。在最佳工艺条件下,原料油硫含量从400μg·g^-1降至104μg·g^-1,脱硫率为74%,汽油收率在83%左右。汽油质量满足欧Ⅲ标准。  相似文献   

2.
本实验以价格低廉的木质素和浓硫酸为原料,首次合成木质素磺酸催化剂,用高酸度油脂与甲醇在此催化剂作用下发生酯交换反应制备脂肪酸甲酯.实验主要考察甲醇用量、催化剂用量、反应温度和反应时间等因素对酯交换反应的影响,通过正交实验分析得出脂肪酸甲酯的最佳制备工艺条件为:甲醇用量20%,反应温度95℃,催化剂用量2.5%,硫酸用量2.0%,反应时间为9h.该条件下反应转化率可达94.33%.  相似文献   

3.
以硫酸钛为催化剂,通过乳酸和异戊醇反应合成了乳酸异戊酯。探讨了催化剂用量、醇酸物质的量比以及反应时间对酯化率的影响。实验结果表明:最佳条件为:催化剂用量0.3g/0.1mol乳酸,醇酸物质的量比1.2:1,带水剂(环已烷)8mL,反应时间1.5h,温度80~105℃,在此条件下,酯化率可达98.38%。  相似文献   

4.
讨论了对以淀粉、磷酸、蜜胺为原料合成淀粉磷酸酯蜜胺盐的方法和产品性能。采用正交试验设计法对合成工艺条件进行优化,采用热重分析法、加热膨胀法和红外光谱法对产品的性能和结构进行了表征。淀粉磷酸酯的最佳反应条件为:反应温度100℃,反应时间4小时,磷酸为淀粉用量的75%;淀粉磷酸酯蜜胺盐的最佳反应条件为:反应温度110℃,反应时间2小时,磷酸与蜜胺的摩尔比为1∶1.1。在最佳反应条件下,淀粉磷酸酯蜜胺盐的收率为51.3%。产物在398.5℃开始明显分解,温度升高到567.5℃时,失重为73.8%,膨胀率为119.4cm3/g。结果表明,目的产物具有良好的热稳定性和膨胀性。  相似文献   

5.
用自制杂多酸为催化剂,以甘油和醋酸为原料合成了三醋酸甘油酯。研究了杂多酸催化剂用量、醇酸摩尔比和反应时间对酯收率的影响。结果表明:此法催化剂用量少、催化活性高,反应时间较短,三酯收率高,工艺简单,在一定条件下催化剂可以重复使用多次。用正交试验确定了合成三醋酸甘油酯的最佳工艺条件为:催化剂用量为反应物质量的0.5%,醇/酸摩尔比为1:5,反应温度为104~116℃,反应时间为4小时。此条件下,三醋酸甘油酯收率超过94%。  相似文献   

6.
《柳州师专学报》2015,(4):152-155
为了研究竹粉乙二醇液化的优化工艺,通过单因素试验研究了反应温度、反应时间、催化剂用量、乙二醇与竹粉质量比等因素对竹粉液化效率的影响,并通过正交试验确定最佳液化工艺条件.在竹粉乙二醇液化过程中,影响液化效果最为显著的条件是反应温度,其余依次是反应时间,质量比以及催化剂用量.结果表明:最佳的工艺条件为液化反应温度170℃,液化时间90 min,乙二醇与竹粉质量比为6,催化剂用量6%.  相似文献   

7.
微波辅助苯偶姻合成反应优化   总被引:3,自引:0,他引:3  
研究了微波辅助加热下合成苯偶姻.通过设计正交实验,研究了微波功率、微波时间、反应体系温度和催化剂VB1用量对收率的影响.实验结果表明:催化剂用量、反应温度、反应时间、功率对收率的影响依次降低,最佳反应条件是,催化剂用量为1.5g,反应体系温度为80℃,反应时间25min,微波功率为900W,平均收率为85.5%.产品熔点与标准样相符,其IR谱与标准谱图一致.  相似文献   

8.
磷钨酸催化合成醋酸正丁酯的研究   总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2  
以杂多酸为催化剂,合成了醋酸正丁酯,对反应条件进行了探讨。结果表明,按醇酸摩尔比3:1,催化剂用量3g,反应温度120~C,反应时间3h的反应条件,得到最佳反应结果,酯化率可达91%.  相似文献   

9.
研究了用硫酸氢钠催化合成乳酸正丁酯的反应,探讨了催化剂用量、酸醇比、反应时间及催化剂重复使用次数等因素对反应的影响。在酸醇体积比为1:3,催化剂为1.5%(w),反应时间为2h,反应温度为120℃时,乳酸酯化率达97.2%。结果表明,在实验条件下,该催化剂具有较好的活性。  相似文献   

10.
目的:对桑叶水提液的降低亚硝酸盐作用进行研究,确定清除的最佳条件.方法:采用水浸提法,考察提取温度、提取时间、反应时间、反应用量4个因素对桑叶水提液的降低亚硝酸盐作用的影响,用正交试验法优化最佳清除条件.结果:4个因素的影响的次序为提取温度>反应用量>反应时间>提取时间,最佳清除条件为提取温度30℃,提取时间1.5h,反应时间15 min,反应用量15 mL,清除率可达49.71%.结论:桑叶水提液在体外对亚硝酸盐具用一定的消除作用,可作为桑叶新功效加以开发.  相似文献   

11.
在醇酸摩尔比为 1∶2 ,温度 1 2 0℃ ,催化剂浓度为 3 .0 %时合成乳酸薄荷酯 ,产率可达 72 % ,产品香气纯正  相似文献   

12.
本文对薄荷—醇—水系统的降温效果在模拟环境条件中作了实验研究。确定出有效的组份配比。并获得明显效果。  相似文献   

13.
《海外英语》2007,(5):44-45
It is worthy of noting that, whilst Crookston Castle witnessed the earlier and happier portion of Mary's variegated life,  相似文献   

14.
一、吃和喝吃苹果 eat an apple, 吃药 take medicine,吃糖 have some sweets,吃饭 have one's meals,吃馆子 dine out,吃惊 be surprised/  相似文献   

15.
《海外英语》2007,(5):10-11
Many college freshmen arrive woefully unprepared to do college work, and as disadvantaged populations continue to grow, the share of the American work force that has made it through college is expected to plummet. Many experts blame that educational failure not just on high schools but also on colleges. School & College, a special report by The Chronicle, looks at efforts to fix the system. What reforms would better prepare students for college? What should schools and colleges be doing differently? How should state and federal officials help?  相似文献   

16.
The communication of people partially is the communication of cultures. Culture has a direct effect on international commercial activities in all aspects. Different conceptions about time, space, equality, law and the like, lead people to deal with things in different ways. So to know cultures of the counterpart is to facil-itate our enterprises so as to have a smooth and successful communication in commercial activity.  相似文献   

17.
《海外英语》2007,(4):36
There are numbers of crossroads on our long and unpredictable life journey where we totally have no idea about which direction to choose. No matter what our decision is, we should not turn back, but face the music and go ahead instead. I am this kind of girl who always does try without regretting, one example is how I dealt with my love.  相似文献   

18.
王菲 《华章》2007,(12):273-273
Migration occurs behind a variety of reasons and has a great effect on the whole world. People may migrate in order to improve their economic situation, or in order to escape civil strife, persecution, and environmental disasters. The impact of migration is complex, bringing both benefits anddisadvantages. This paper briefly talks about the causes of migration, the allocation of benefits, and the ways in which individual countries and the international community deal with this important subject.  相似文献   

19.
风的曲线     
Rosco and I wait for the fishermen to return.I sit at a wooden bench near the store at Mt.Baker Resort and watch the clouds change shape. Rosco has my belt around his neck and an eight foot tow chain hooked to a tree. Dogs must be on a leash. Ducks and rabbits are loose.  相似文献   

20.
Given a graph G,a subgraph C is called a clique of G if C is a complete subgraph of G maximal under inclusion and |C|≥2. A clique-transversal set S of G is a set of vertices of G such that S meets all cliques of G. The clique-transversal number, denoted as TC (G), is the minimum cardinality of a clique-transversal set in G. The clique-graph of G, denoted as K (G), is the graph obtained by taking the cliques of G as vertices, and two vertices are adjacent if and only if the corresponding cliques in G have nonempty intersection. Let F be a class of graphs G such that F={G|K(G) is a tree}. In this paper the graphs in F having independent clique-transversal sets are shown and thus TC (G)/|G|≤1/2 for all G ∈ F.  相似文献   

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