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Interaction of salinity and cadmium stresses on mineral nutrients,sodium, and cadmium accumulation in four barley genotypes 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
Interaction of salinity （NaCI） and cadmium （Cd） on growth, mineral nutrients, Na and Cd accumulation in four barley genotypes differing in salt tolerance was studied in a hydroponic experiment. Cd, NaCI and their combined stresses reduced Ca and Mg concentrations in roots and shoots, K concentration in shoots, increased K and Cu concentrations in roots relative to control, but had non-significant effect on micronutrients Cu, Fe and Mn concentrations in shoot. The three stresses reduced accumulation of most tested nutrients in both roots and shoots, except NaCI and NaCl＋Cd stresses for root K and shoot Cu accumulation in salt tolerant genotypes. The salt tolerant genotypes did not have higher nutrient concentration and accumulation than the sensitive ones when exposed to Cd and NaCI stresses. In conclusion, the affecting mechanism of Cd stress on nutrients was to some extent different from salinity stress, and the NaCl＋Cd stress was not equal to additional Cd and NaCI stresses, probably due to the different valence and competitive site of Na^＋ and Cd^2＋. NaCI addition in the Cd-containing medium caused remarkable reductions in both Cd concentration and accumulation, with the extent of reduction being also dependent on genotypes. The salt-tolerant genotypes had lower Na concentration than sensitive ones. 相似文献
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SSR和ISSR分子标记已广泛应用于研究遗传行为和基因定位。在对水稻早世代稳定遗传特性的研究中,选用分布于水稻12条染色体上的168对多态性较好的SSR引物,对28个稳定株系的F_1、F_2、F_3及同组合的分离株系进行了SSR标记分析；选用26个多态性较好的ISSR引物对5个组合中出现的8个稳定株系及同组合的分离株系进行了ISSR分子标记。结果显示：稳定株系的标记带型出现三种类型：(1)母本带出现,父本带消失；(2)父本带出现,母本带消失；(3)出现非父母标记带型。分离株系表现为杂合标记带。推测水稻早世代稳定是在遗传因子作用下,在杂交受精或合子早期发育中发生了双亲染色体重排,形成纯合的F_1单株。 相似文献
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由于环境的恶化,各种农作物产品的不足,促使人们进一步研究植物的抗性生理,通过对耐盐机理的研究,耐盐相关基因相继得到克隆和转化;对耐盐机制与途径的探索,又将人们带到了一个崭新的领域,相信在不远的将来,真正用于盐碱地栽培的作物品种终将出现. 相似文献
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Ikram-ul- Haq Asif Ali Khan Iqrar Ahmad Khan Muhammad Abubakkar Azmat 《Journal of Zhejiang University. Science. B》2012,13(7):533-544
The okra germplasm was screened for salinity tolerance at the seedling stage and during plant ontogeny. Substantial variation existed in okra for salinity tolerance at the seedling stage. An 80 mmol/L NaCl concentration was suitable for discriminating tolerant and non-tolerant okra genotypes. The pooled ranking of the genotypes, based on individual rankings for each trait (root and shoot length, germination percentage, and relative Na+ and K+) in individual NaCl concentrations, was effective for selecting tolerant genotypes. Genotypes selected at the seedling stage maintained their tolerance to NaCl during plant ontogeny, suggesting that screening of the germplasm entries and advanced breeding materials for salt tolerance at the seedling stage is effective. Among 39 okra genotypes, five were identified as the most tolerant genotypes and showed potential for use in breeding programs that focus on the development of salt-tolerant, high-yield okra cultivars. 相似文献
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利用ISSR技术检验辣椒品种纯度实验初探 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
作物品种鉴定对农业生产影响显著,而常规品种纯度鉴定往往过程繁琐、周期过长、主观性强,已不能满足日益发展的生产需要．新兴起的分子标记技术无表型效应,结果更为客观准确．文章通过ISSR分子标记技术对6份辣椒品种进行了纯度鉴定的初步实验探索,结果表明利用该技术完全可以进行纯度鉴定,而且周期短、结论明确,不失为今后的一种发展方向． 相似文献
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Mwando Edward Angessa Tefera Tolera Han Yong Li Chengdao 《Journal of Zhejiang University. Science. B》2020,21(2):93-121
Salinity affects more than 6% of the world’s total land area, causing massive losses in crop yield. Salinity inhibits plant growth and development through osmotic and ionic stresses; however, some plants exhibit adaptations through osmotic regulation, exclusion, and translocation of accumulated Na+ or Cl-. Currently, there are no practical, economically viable methods for managing salinity, so the best practice is to grow crops with improved tolerance. Germination is the stage in a plant’s life cycle most adversely affected by salinity. Barley, the fourth most important cereal crop in the world, has outstanding salinity tolerance, relative to other cereal crops. Here, we review the genetics of salinity tolerance in barley during germination by summarizing reported quantitative trait loci (QTLs) and functional genes. The homologs of candidate genes for salinity tolerance in Arabidopsis, soybean, maize, wheat, and rice have been blasted and mapped on the barley reference genome. The genetic diversity of three reported functional gene families for salt tolerance during barley germination, namely dehydration-responsive element-binding (DREB) protein, somatic embryogenesis receptor-like kinase and aquaporin genes, is discussed. While all three gene families show great diversity in most plant species, the DREB gene family is more diverse in barley than in wheat and rice. Further to this review, a convenient method for screening for salinity tolerance at germination is needed, and the mechanisms of action of the genes involved in salt tolerance need to be identified, validated, and transferred to commercial cultivars for field production in saline soil.
相似文献10.
Identification of QTLs for yield and yield components of barley under different growth conditions 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
Da-wei Xue Mei-xue Zhou Xiao-qin Zhang Song Chen Kang Wei Fan-rong Zeng Ying Mao Fei-bo Wu Guo-ping Zhang 《Journal of Zhejiang University. Science. B》2010,11(3):169-176
Waterlogging is a major abiotic stress limiting barley (Hordeum vulgare L.) yield and its stability in areas with excessive rainfall.Identification of genomic regions influencing the response of yield and its components to waterlogging stress will enhance our understanding of the genetics of waterlogging tolerance and the development of more tolerant barley cultivars.Quantitative trait loci (QTLs) for grain yield and its components were identified using 156 doubled haploid (DH) lines derived from a cross be... 相似文献
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Potential growth of two widely-grown hybrid rice varieties in the Jinhua district of Zhejiang Province, Shanyou63 for mid-rice and Xieyou46 for late rice, was simulated using a crop growth model of WOFOST. Parameters of the rice growth in WOFOST were calibrated through field experiments from 1999 to 2002 in Jinhua. The potential yield simulated with WOFOST was about 12 t/ha for Shanyou63 and 10 t/ha for Xieyou46, which are in good agreement with the highest recorded yield obtained in this area. Under farmers practice, current yield is about 7.5 t/ha for Shanyou63 and 6.5 t/ha for Xieyou46. There is a gap between the actual rice yield and the potential yield for these two hybrid rice varieties grown in this area. The attainable target yields were set to 70% to 75% of their potential yields for the two varieties. A recently developed software ＂Nutrient Decision Support System （NuDSS）＂ for irrigated rice was used to optimize nutrient management for these two rice varieties. According to NuDSS, the optimal fertilizer N requirement for the target yields was about 150 kg/ha for Shanyou63 and about 120 kg/ha for Xieyou46, which were only about 70% of the fertilizer N application under current farmers＇ practice. Comparing with farmers＇ practice, there is great potential to increase actual rice yields and to reduce fertilizer N use rates by improving rice crop management practice in Jinhua. 相似文献
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一种提取茶树基因组DNA的方法——改良的CTAB法 总被引：4，自引：0，他引：4
采用改良的CTAB法与常规的CTAB法提取茶叶基因组DNA进行比较,结果证明改良的方法得到DNA浓度和纯度高,无蛋白质和RNA等杂质影响,并且可以很好的应用于ISSR分子标记分析。 相似文献
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Comparative mapping of QTLs for Al tolerance in rice and identification of positional Al-induced genes 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
INTRODUCTION Aluminum (Al) toxicity is one of the mostimportant yield-limiting factors for crop grown onacid upland and lowland acid sulphate soils (IRRI,1978). Al toxicity results in a reduced and damagedroot system, which in turn causes the affectedplants to be susceptible to drought stress and min-eral nutrient deficiencies (Foy, 1988). The physio-logical and biochemical mechanisms of the toxiceffect of Al on root elongation had been extensivelyinvestigated (Matsumoto, 2000). T… 相似文献
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Aluminum (Al) toxicity is the major factor limiting crop productivity in acid soils. In this study, a recombinant inbreed line (RIL) population derived from a cross between an A1 sensitive lowland indica rice variety IR1552 and an Al tolerant upland japonica rice variety Azucena, was used for mapping quantitative trait loci (QTLs) for A1 tolerance. Three QTLs for relative root length (RRL) were detected on chromosome 1, 9, 12, respectively, and I QTL for root length under Al stress is identical on chromosome I after one week and two weeks stress. Comparison of QTLs on chromosome 1 from different studies indicated an identical interval between C86 and RZ801 with gene(s) for Al tolerance. This interval provides an important start point for isolating genes responsible for A1 tolerance and understanding the genetic nature of Al tolerance in rice. Four Al induced ESTs located in this interval were screened by reverse Northern analysis and confirmed by Northern analysis. They would be candidate genes for the QTL. 相似文献
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赤霉素对杂交水稻生育后期氮代谢的调控作用 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
杂交水稻(Oryza sativa subsp indica)农艺性状优良,表现了强大的增产优势。杂交水稻的氮代谢与其农艺性状密切相关,然而关于杂交水稻的氮代谢及氮代谢调控的研究较少。赤霉素对植物有着广泛影响,在杂交水稻生育后期用适当浓度的赤霉酸(GA_3)溶液处理,对其同化物的积累和转运及活性氧清除剂的活力等方面都有明显的促进作用(曾富华、罗泽民,1991、1993)。本试验以硝酸还原酶活力(NRA)、谷—丙转氨酶活力(GPTA)等作指标,选用威优35(V35,后健组合)和威优49(V49,早衰组合)为材料,大田小区裁 相似文献
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综述了当前作物转基因技术的三大主流方法农杆菌介导法、基因枪法、花粉管通道法等在农作物遗传改良中的研究进展,并阐述了这些转基因技术在水稻、小麦、棉花、玉米、大豆、苜蓿等主要农作物遗传转化现状.着重论述了作物转基因技术在抗病虫、抗逆、品质改良、雄性不育等方面对作物进行遗传改良的最新研究进展. 相似文献
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Ya-ming Gong Sheng-chun Xu Wei-hua Mao Qi-zan Hu Gu-wen Zhang Ju Ding Ya-dan Li 《Journal of Zhejiang University. Science. B》2010,11(9):702-707
The development of expressed sequence tags (ESTs) from pea has provided a useful source for mining novel simple sequence repeat
(SSR) markers. In the present research, in order to find EST-derived SSR markers, 18 552 pea ESTs from the National Center
for Biotechnology Information (NCBI) database were downloaded and assembled into 10 086 unigenes. A total of 586 microsatellites
in 530 unigenes were identified, indicating that merely 5.25% of sequences contained SSRs. The most abundant SSRs within pea
were tri-nucleotide repeat motifs, and among all the tri-nucleotide repeats, the motif GAA was the most abundant type. In
total, 49 SSRs were used for primer design. EST-SSR loci were subsequently screened on 10 widely adapted varieties in China.
Of these, nine loci showed polymorphic profiles that revealed two to three alleles per locus. The polymorphism information
content value ranged from 0.18 to 0.58 with an average of 0.41. Furthermore, transferable analysis revealed that some of these
loci showed transferability to faba bean. Because of their polymorphism and transferability, these nine novel EST-SSRs will
be valuable tools for marker-assisted breeding and comparative mapping of pea in the future. 相似文献
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水稻米香基因的初步定位 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
吴娟 《安徽科技学院学报》2005,19(3):1-5
香味是水稻重要食味品质性状之一,但稻米香味的遗传甚为复杂.早有报道水稻米香基因位于第八条染色体上且与RFLP标记RG28紧密连锁.本实验通过水稻籼粳亚种之间的杂交,利用SSR(Simple Sequence Repeat)分子标记的方法对水稻米香基因进行初步定位.结果表明:稻米香味性状受一对隐性基因控制,且位于第八条染色体SSR标记RM8264和RM1109之间,其遗传距离大约2.1cM.这一结果将对于米香基因的精细定位提供了重要依据. 相似文献