共查询到19条相似文献，搜索用时 296 毫秒
1.
数学障碍儿童抑制能力的发展性研究 总被引：3，自引：1，他引：2
本研究采用数值-大小干扰(magnitude-size Stroop)范式,探讨了不同年级数学障碍儿童和普通儿童抑制能力的差异.结果发现:(1)两组儿童在刺激冲突条件下的反应时显著长于刺激一致条件下的反应时,刺激冲突条件下的正确率显著低于刺激一致条件的正确率;(2)儿童在需要抑制能力参与的刺激冲突条件下的反应时随年级升高呈递减趋势;(3)数学障碍儿童只在需要抑制能力参与的刺激冲突条件下的正确率显著低于普通儿童,而在不需要抑制能力参与的刺激中性条件和刺激一致条件下两组之间没有显著差异.本研究认为,数学障碍儿童抑制能力发展迟缓是数学障碍产生的原因之一. 相似文献
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《洛阳师范学院学报》2016,(11):75-78
研究采用2*2被试间设计,使用双任务研究范式探究执行意向操作对基于事件前瞻记忆的影响.实验研究结果发现,执行意向组大学生基于事件前瞻记忆反应时显著低于非执行意向组,但两组被试正确率差异不显著;基于事件前瞻记忆任务反应时和正确率在男女性别上差异不显著. 相似文献
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不同亚型学习障碍儿童情绪理解特点研究 总被引：2，自引：1，他引：1
本研究以30名学习障碍儿童为对象,采用表情图片和情境故事法,探讨不同亚型学习障碍儿童情绪理解特点.研究发现:(1)不同亚型学习障碍儿童情绪状态理解存在显著差异,阅读障碍儿童情绪状态理解水平显著高于数学障碍儿童和复合型学习障碍儿童,数学障碍儿童和复合型学习障碍儿童之间不存在显著差异;(2)不同亚型学习障碍儿童情绪原因理解和情绪调控理解不存在显著差异. 相似文献
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以小学四年级、初中一年级和高中一年级学生为被试,采用GNAT实验范式,比较了不同年级学困生与学优生数学学习内隐态度的特点.结果发现:(1)不同年级学生的数学学习内隐态度存在显著的年级差异:不同年级学生的d'值和反应时差异显著;学生在不同组合类别下的d'值和反应时差异显著;不同年级学生在不同组合类别下的d'值和反应时差异显著.(2)学困生与学优生的数学学习内隐态度差异显著:学优生与学困生的d'值差异显著;不同年级的学优生与学困生的反应时差异显著. 相似文献
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本研究采用信号停止任务范式,考察不同声音唤醒水平下注意力缺陷多动障碍儿童 和普通儿童反应抑制功能的表现,探讨唤醒水平和行为抑制功能之间的关系,以验证行为 抑制模型和认知能量模型.研究中注意力缺陷多动障碍儿童15名,普通儿童15名,匹配 年龄、年级、性别和智力水平.结果表明:(1)注意力缺陷多动障碍儿童的反应错误率和抑 制失败率显著高于普通儿童;(2)中、高唤醒水平下,注意力缺陷多动障碍儿童正确反应的 被试内变异性降低,与普通儿童的表现相当;(3)唤醒水平对两类儿童的抑制失败率没有影 响.唤醒水平没有提高注意力缺陷多动障碍儿童的行为抑制功能,但促进了其一般反应认 知功能,说明能量库缺损并不是比抑制功能更为核心的缺损. 相似文献
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通过专门的应用题解题策略干预教学,探讨儿童学习策略的掌握对其执行功能的影响.结果显示相比控制组.实验组被试干预后在执行功能中的色点位置刷新任务上得分显著提高,而在任务转换能力和抑制能力上无明显差异.实验结果表明对小学五年级学生进行应用题解题策略干预可有效提高其执行功能中的刷新能力. 相似文献
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目的:探讨注意缺陷多动障碍(ADHD)儿童的抑制控制和转换功能.方法:采用图形选择测验、威斯康星卡片分类测验(WCST)、昼夜Stroop测验和字色Stroop测验,以23例ADHD儿童和22例普通对照儿童为研究对象,对其抑制控制能力、转换能力进行测试比较.结果:1.ADHD儿童完成图形选择测验转换任务时间较普通对照组儿童明显延长,犯错误数明显增多;2.ADHD儿童完成威斯康星卡片分类测验的错误应答数、持续性错误数明显比普通儿童多,差异极其显著;3.两组儿童完成昼夜Stroop测验时冲突任务平均时上有显著性差异,ADHD儿童的反应时多于普通儿童;4.ADHD儿童完成字色Stroop测验的干扰任务反应时较普通对照组儿童显著延长.结论:ADHD儿童的抑制控制能力和转换能力显著低于普通儿童. 相似文献
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This paper presents a study on mathematical problem solving in third-grade pupils. The relationship between mathematics, metacognition
and intelligence was investigated in children with (n = 191) and without mathematical learning disabilities (n = 268). A significant relationship was found between prediction, evaluation, intelligence, procedural and mathematical fact
retrieval skills in children without mathematical learning disabilities. In the children with mathematical learning disabilities
a relationship was found between metacognitive and procedural skills. No such relationship was found between intelligence
and metacognition or between metacognition and mathematical fact retrieval skills. In addition it was investigated if children
with mathematical learning disabilities had less adequate metacognitive skills than peers without learning problems. At group
level significant differences were found between both groups. However on analyzing these results further, it was found that
four out of five children with combined mathematical learning disabilities, half of the children with procedural disabilities
and only 5% of the children with a retrieval deficiency had low metacognitive skills. Furthermore, metacognitive problems
were found in one out of five children without learning disabilities. Moreover, a majority of the children with mathematical
learning disabilities and inadequate metacognitive skills had problems with prediction and evaluation skills. Most third graders
with low metacognitive skills only appeared to have problems predicting the level of difficulty of tasks. Inaccurate evaluations
were found on a more regular basis in children with mathematical learning disabilities and inadequate metacognitive skills
as opposed to the sample of children with inadequate metacognitive skills but without learning difficulties, where their occurrence
was rather a one off. The implications of this study for diagnosis and treatment will be discussed later in this paper. 相似文献
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刘翠娜 《乐山师范学院学报》2013,(12):111-115
近年来,我国对数学学习困难儿童的表现、诊断、认知特点等有了较多的研究,这为数学学习困难儿童的干预策略提供了基础。通过对我国数学学习困难儿童的教育干预研究进行综述,发现主要有知觉加工干预策略、工作记忆干预策略、问题表征干预策略和元记忆干预策略,并在借鉴国外数学学习困难研究的基础上,对我国未来数学学习困难的研究提供若干建议。 相似文献
13.
Children with mathematics learning disabilities in Belgium 总被引：6，自引：0，他引：6
In Belgium, between 3% and 8% of the children in elementary schools have mathematics learning disabilities (MLD). Many of these children have less developed linguistic, procedural, and mental representation skills. Moreover, a majority of the children have been found to show inaccurate prediction and evaluation skills in Grade 3. MLD often become obvious in elementary school. Whereas some children are retained, others are referred to special education. During the last 10 years, the number of children in special education and the number of children with learning disabilities who are following a special guidance program in general education (inclusive education) have increased. Children in Belgium with MLD can get therapy for about 2 years. Nevertheless, many problems continue unresolved even in high school and adulthood. 相似文献
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Perception of gated, highly familiar spoken monosyllabic nouns by children with and without learning disabilities 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
L L Elliott M E Scholl J O Grant M A Hammer 《Journal of learning disabilities》1990,23(4):248-52, 259
A forward-gating procedure employing highly familiar monosyllabic words was used in auditory testing of age- and gender-matched children with learning disabilities and normally achieving children aged 8 to 11 years. The portion of the word presented, or "gate," was longer on each successive trial. Nondisabled children identified an average of one more word than the children with learning disabilities, but the mean duration required for word identification did not differ between groups. Better receptive vocabulary scores were associated with identification of words at shorter durations only among the children with learning disabilities. The two groups of children had similar numbers of different meaningful-word and different non-word incorrect responses. The children with learning disabilities exhibited poorer fine-grained auditory discrimination than a control group of nondisabled children. The study concluded that auditory closure skills for the gating task were as good among children with learning disabilities as among nondisabled children, but that sensory discrimination problems may contribute significantly to the learning difficulties of the former group. 相似文献
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Matthew effects in children with learning disabilities: Development of reading,IQ, and psychosocial problems from grade 2 to grade 8 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
Reading achievement, IQ, and behavior problems were assessed in second and eighth grade for a longitudinal sample of 57 children.
Changes in these scores over time were compared for children with no learning disabilities versus children with math or reading
disabilities (research-identified and/or school-identified). A widening of the group difference in IQ was seen between the
math disabled and nondisabled groups, but otherwise the gaps between groups remained unchanged or narrowed over the six-year
interval, indicating that hypothesized negative consequences of initial academic difficulties (“Matthew effects”) did not
occur for most of the children with learning disabilities. Elevated rates of behavior problems were seen only for the group
with math disabilities, suggesting that the type of learning disability needs to be taken into account in research on the
association between academic and psychosocial problems. 相似文献
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Lee Swanson 《Contemporary educational psychology》1982,7(2):152-160
Adapting a modified reception paradigm, three bidimensional rules (conjunctive, disjunctive, conditional) and two instructional conditions (enforced attention vs standard rule learning) are used to test the assumption that deficient rule learning rather than inattention is responsible for poor learning with learning-disabled children. Main findings indicate learning-disabled children are deficient on binary conceptual rule tasks for three age groups (6 to 7, 8 to 9, 12 to 13) compared to normal children matched on sex and IQ regardless of experimental instructions. For both groups, learning is retarded by rule complexity while rate of learning diminishes with increasing age. Data reflect a truth-table logic at all ages for both groups, although there is evidence that disabled children perseverate with a rule-learning hypothesis characteristic of younger nondisabled children. Results are consistent with the hypothesis that rule learning is deficient in children with learning disabilities. 相似文献
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《Learning and Instruction》2006,16(1):12-25
This paper focuses on the role of evaluation in mathematics in 749 elementary school children. The macroevaluative skills and calibration scores of high versus low mathematical problem solvers were contrasted as measures of metacognition. No relevant calibration differences were found for gender. In addition, the performances of children with mathematics learning disabilities could not be explained according to the maturational lag hypothesis. Finally, although macrometacognitive evaluation and calibration seem attractive alternatives for time-consuming on-line metacognitive assessment techniques, our data show that a global and retrospective assessment of the macroevaluation is not always enough to get the picture of mathematical problem solving in young children. 相似文献
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Children with learning disabilities in four types of special education settings were compared in terms of social acceptance, number of friends, quality of relationship with best friends, self‐concept, loneliness, depression, social skills, and problem behaviors. Two of the placements (In‐Class Support and Resource Room) were for children with mild to moderate learning disabilities and involved between 30 and 90 minutes of special education per school day. The other two placements (Inclusion Class and Self‐Contained Special Education Class) were designated for children with severe learning disabilities and involved at least a half‐day of special education. Children in the more inclusive placements had more positive social and emotional functioning. Children receiving In‐Class Support were more accepted by peers, had higher self‐perceptions of mathematics competence, and fewer problem behaviors than children receiving Resource Room Support. Children in Inclusion Classes had more satisfying relationships with their best school friends, were less lonely, and had fewer problem behaviors than children in Self‐Contained Special Education Classes. 相似文献
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Robert Pasnak 《Psychology in the schools》1987,24(4):358-363
A curriculum modification was designed to increase the general reasoning ability of kindergarten children who were lagging in cognitive development. The new instructional program was tested with 22 kindergarters who scored in the lowest 9% on the EAS measure of general learning and reasoning ability taken from SRA's Survey of Basic Skills. The experimental children were given “learning set” instruction on unidimensional classification, unidimensional seriation, and number conservation for four months. They received the instruction in groups of six for 15 minutes two or three times per week during the time usually reserved for mathematics. Control children received the normal mathematics instruction, also in groups of six, for matched sessions. The experimental children made twice the gains of the control children on the EAS measure, and matched their gains on reading and mathematics achievement. It appears that integrated “learning set” training on these three Piagetian concepts may be a potent tool for aiding kindergartners who are falling behind their peers in cognitive development. 相似文献