共查询到20条相似文献，搜索用时 15 毫秒
1.
张吉良 《外语教学理论与实践》2011,1(2):74-80
释意学派创始人Danica Seleskovitch教授认为：口译过程包括源语理解/阐释、意义“脱离源语语言外壳”和目的语表达这三个步骤,它们构成了一个三角形的信息处理过程。本文追溯了释意学派口译模型形成的过程,认为：它的诞生展示了释意学派大胆的学术创新精神,加速了国际口译研究的认知心理学转向,并为后续口译信息处理模型的诞生提供了借鉴和参考;但是该模型对释意学派“脱离源语语言外壳假说”轻描淡写,对口译信息处理的具体路径和方式也避而不谈。基于此,文章根据认知心理学信息处理理论,认为口译的信息处理是由控制性与自动化加工联手、串行和并行处理配合、自上而下同自下而上的加工方式共同参与完成的。 相似文献
2.
企业短信系统是一个基于浏览器/服务器模式的企业短信服务系统,它以开源框架对系统进行实际开发,针对中小企业对企业短信系统的具体需求,通过数据库层设计、逻辑层设计和表示层设汁,能提供稳定的数据结构,允许用户对数据访问. 相似文献
3.
国外教学设计理论经过了产生期、形成期、盛行期、革新期等发展阶段,其生成一是依赖于社会需要的促动,二是取决于认识论、学习心理学和教学设计的整合,三是信息技术的革命性影响。国外教学设计理论在本土化过程中存在诸多问题,如基于本土的教学设计创新不足、缺乏心理学等基础学科与信息技术的支撑、教师自身缺乏教学设计观念与能力等。要解决这些问题,必须正确认识与评价国外教学设计思想,促进教学设计的本土创新;构建研究共同体,促进教学设计理论与实践的结合;增强教师的教学设计观念与能力;构建以＂学习者＂为中心的教学设计模式。 相似文献
4.
Erik F. Strommen Glenda L. Revelle 《Educational technology research and development : ETR & D》1990,38(4):65-80
This article presents a model for integrating research into the software design process, based on the experience of the Interactive Technologies Division of the Children's Television Workshop. The model has three components: (a) using existing research literature to inform initial design decisions and suggest possible issues to be tested during the development of prototype products, (b) conducting in-house basic research studies to provide information unavailable in the published literature, and (c) conducting formative research studies on products in development to assess their usability and to ensure their effectiveness as learning tools. Issues in interpreting published studies are considered, and insights from the results of basic and formative studies conducted by the Interactive Technologies Division are also reviewed.He attended Cornell and received his Ph.D. from Rutgers University in developmental psychology and research design in 1988.She holds a Ph.D. in developmental psychology from the University of Michigan and has been researching and producing software at CTW for seven years. 相似文献
5.
手机短信息是社会发展的产物,其语言形式的变异反映了人们的一种心态。手机短信文本蕴涵了丰富的现代汉语资源,以特殊的“文本”方式演绎着它的魅力。着重分析手机短信息语言语表特征的偏离,包括语形、语音的变异所导致的语言陌生化以及其修辞魅力。 相似文献
6.
刘亚禄 《常熟理工学院学报》2004,18(5):103-105
设计产品与受纳者的对话是设计信息的传递和阐释过程.设计产品不是设计师的个人独白,设计师决不能"孤芳自赏",受众对设计信息有权进行不同的阐释和扩充.设计信息活动过程既包括设计师通过设计产品向受众发送信息,也包括受众接纳并反馈信息,存在着信息的相互交换,最后的设计信息是产品原有信息和受众增生信息的合成或综合体.受众的这种阐释,由于各自的文化背景、地域背景、生活经验以及形态记忆的不同,而会产生截然不同的形态联想,也会得到不同的受纳效果.阐释是综合性思维,是受众的再创造活动.不同特点的信息传播,会造成对现代设计信息的不同阐释.一件设计作品的真正意义的阐释和发现是一个生生不息的过程. 相似文献
7.
张诗博 《商丘师范学院学报》2007,23(5):111-112
从计算机网络的硬件的制造和软件的创制,到网络的运行与信息传播活动,最后再到网络的终端,不仅凝聚着人类的智慧,标志着现代科学技术的最新发展,而且整个过程的主体是具有社会属性的、现实的、具体的人。计算机网络在创造新的传播交流平台的同时,还深深地影响到网络终端主体的心理状态、思想观念和实际行为。因此,计算机网络不是一个虚拟的世界,而是现实社会的有机构成部分。 相似文献
8.
毛春华 《中国教育技术装备》2012,(6):22-24
教学媒体不仅是承载信息的工具,更是给学习者创设一种学习情境。教学媒体的应用是一个复杂的过程,教学媒体的相关研究也需要从宏大的视角进行解读。媒介环境学这一视角在关注教学媒体自身作用的同时,也需要关注教学媒体呈现信息内容的重要性。教学媒体的应用研究必将使教学媒体使用者对媒体的本质有一个正确的认识,同时提高教学媒体使用效益,推进教育信息化进程。教学媒体的应用也必将对教育领域产生更加深远的影响。 相似文献
9.
The information processing model of persuasion was used as the basis for a mathematical model of language intensity effects. The model proposes that attitude change is a product of message discrepancy, source evaluation, and message strength. The results show strong support for the model. The salient source evaluation dimension was perceived trustworthiness. Language intensity enhanced attitude change directly, by acting as a multiplier of message strength, and indirectly, by increasing message discrepancy. These effects held for female as well as male sources. Path analysis indicated the presence of source evaluation heuristics. Intensity enhanced source ratings through a positively linked causal chain from intensity to dynamism to expertise to trustworthiness. Intensity also had negative effects on post‐message expertise and trustworthiness unmediated by dynamism. 相似文献
10.
This study proposed a path model of the effects of message comprehensibility on attitude change with the measured cognitive mediators suggested by dual-process models of persuasion. An experiment was conducted using a 2 (strong arguments vs. weak arguments) × 2 (easy vs. difficult to understand arguments) fully crossed independent-groups design with 120 participants. The data were consistent with the traditional impact of message comprehensibility on difficulty of processing the message such that the effect of argument strength was diminished when the arguments were difficult, rather than easy, to understand. The path models were not consistent with the data, and the model was revised to produce adequate fit. 相似文献
11.
When teaching style matches students’ epistemic (in)dependence: The moderating effect of perceived epistemic gap 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
Alain Quiamzade Gabriel Mugny Armand Chatard 《European Journal of Psychology of Education - EJPE》2009,24(3):361-371
In a 2×2×2 factorial design, 3rd year Romanian psychology students (N=94) were assigned into 2 groups according to the extent to which they acknowledged an epistemic dependence (lowvs. high) toward their professor. They then compared the competence of 3rd year students to that of 1st year or 5th year students. Finally, they were exposed to a persuasive counter-attitudinal message from an epistemic authority, framed in an authoritarian vs. democratic style. The main dependent variable was the influence of the counter-attitudinal message. Results show an interaction between the three variables. No effects were found among students in the upward social comparison condition in which they felt particularly incompetent. The expected interaction between style and dependence was significant in the down ward comparison condition where participants felt more competent than 1st year students. Students high in perceived epistemic dependence were more influenced by the authoritarian style than those low in epistemic dependence. The reverse tended to be true for participants exposed to the democratic style. 相似文献
12.
现代心理学上将色调和人的心理、性格联系起来,探寻彼此之间的关系。不同的色调有着不同的隐喻和象征,于是便衍生出了色彩心理学。施蛰存不是心理学家,但却是这个领域的较早涉足者,并且取得了斐然的创作成就。施蛰存短篇小说《魔道》中频繁出现的两种色调---黑色和白色均有典型的暗示指向,以此为切入点来分析探究人物心理活动轨迹,可以更确切地理解小说的脉络、思路和主旨。 相似文献
13.
刘婕 《开封教育学院学报》2010,30(3):46-48
广告创意与消费者的心理关联密切,消费者的心理影响着他们的消费行为。因此,广告的定位要科学准确。在设计中注意发挥广告的吸引力和诱导力,更好地将广告信息传递给消费者,以赢得消费者心理需求。 相似文献
14.
This article begins this special issue of ETR&D-Development by discussing what the cognitive approach to instructional design
(ID) is and how ID practitioners can design training differently using the approach. Following some introductory comments
about purpose, scope and perspective, the article is in two parts. The first part describes why the cognitive approach to
ID is important and how the current approach to instructional design and training development is different from the cognitive
approach. It then explains how learning occurs according to the cognitive point of view, and the different categories of learning
according to one type of cognitive psychology. The second part describes a model that synthesizes and summarizes the components
of a well-designed lesson, and describes what is different about this model from the current approach to ID. This model relates
what learners have to do to learn to what instructional designers have to do to help them do so. It presents and briefly explains
and exemplifies a general framework for instructional design based on cognitive psychology. Finally, it presents a table that
can be used as a job aid to design training. 相似文献
15.
Thomas R. Koballa 《科学教学研究杂志》1992,29(1):63-80
Many strategies used to induce the occurrence of desirable science-related beliefs, attitudes, and behaviors involve the use of persuasive messages. Science educators need to become acquainted with persuasion in the context of social influence and learning theory to be able to evaluate its usefulness in the science education milieu. Persuasion is the conscious attempt to bring about a jointly developed mental state common to both source and receiver through the use of symbolic cues, and it can be distinguished from other forms of social influence. Propaganda is a type of persuasion directed toward a mass audience. Coercion relies on reinforcement control, whereas persuasion is prompted by information. Brainwashing involves coercive techniques used to obtain cooperation and compliance. Persuasion and instruction are much alike; both require conscious cognitive activity by the recipient and involve communication which includes giving arguments and evidence for the purpose of getting someone to do something or to believe something. Persuasion research is anchored in learning theory. Early efforts were based on information processing. Studies following an information process approach focused on the effect of the variables harbored within the question “Who says what in which channel to whom with what effect?” on belief and attitude change. Cognitive processing and social exchange approaches to persuasion represent extensions to information process. Cognitive processing is concerned specifically with how people personally process the arguments presented in a persuasive message. Social exchange emphasizes the interchange that takes place between the message source and recipient. These approaches seem to be fruitful areas for future persuasion research in science education. Science educators' unfamiliarity with persuasion research stems from the fact that it is largely reported in the social psychology literature and has not been integrated into a framework familiar to educators. 相似文献
16.
徐世猛 《现代远程教育研究》2012,(2):33-37
针对教学研究领域的三个主题：教学设计、课程设计、信息通信技术与媒体,国际教学设计研究领域的学者们主要关注如下研究热点：认知和学习心理学研究成果为教学设计模型提供了新的理论基础和创新途径,课程开发和信息通信技术需要进一步整合到教学设计模型中;课程开发及其对教学设计模型的影响;信息通信技术对教学设计和课程开发的影响,从更加整合和全面的视角来看待学习、教学、课程和技术之间的关系。《教学设计中课程、规划和进程的国际观》从以上三个方面展示了国际观点。当前教学设计研究和实践逐步形成以下发展趋势：一是教学设计研究越来越呈现出跨学科特点;二是运用技术创建有效学习环境成为教学设计研究的重要领域;三是欧美学者在教学设计研究领域既共享众多核心观点,又在研究角度、内容上各有不同,使得整体研究成果深度交融。 相似文献
17.
计算机辅助教学的灵魂在于课件（信息传达媒体），而课件的关键在于是否有效地将教学内容（知识信息）传达给了教学对象（信息接受）。然而要最大限度地发挥知识信息传达的有效性，就要在课件设计阶段，针对计算机辅助教学的特点将信息传达的因素纳入整体设计的范畴，给予充分的考虑。 相似文献
18.
Instructional design for situated learning 总被引：11，自引：0，他引：11
The design of situated learning must be closely linked to the ecological psychology of situated cognition, as exemplified by problem solving in a complex situated context, the Jasper Series. The extreme view of situated learning contends thatall thinking must be viewed as situated, and is therefore better explained by concepts of perception and action than by the concepts of information processing psychology. In this article, ideas of ecological psychology provide the background for describing four broad tasks for the design of situated learning: selecting the situations, providing scaffolding, determining and supporting the role of the teacher, and assessing situated learning. Further, three metrics for evaluating situated learning are suggested: affording transfer, providing meaning, and providing an anchor for cross-curricular investigation. 相似文献
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20.
图标是用户实现软件功能的向导,是软件工作环境和谐的重要组成部分,是软件数字信息视觉化表现的重要体现。但目前对于图标的设计更多的是当作一名界面的“关工”。许多图标作品以美为导向,很少考虑软件功能与用户操作和认知心理等的内在联系。从符号学和认知心理学的理论集中探究软件界面中图标设计的目标和图标设计的原则。 相似文献