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典型脆弱生态区生态退化趋势与治理技术需求分析 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
《资源科学》2019,(1)
近百年来,全球典型脆弱生态区生态退化日趋严峻,针对这一问题,国内外在生态治理和修复方面做出了巨大努力,积累了数量众多的生态技术,对遏制和缓解生态退化起到了关键性的作用。然而,生态技术常常由于缺乏对具体治理需求的考量而影响了其效果的发挥。本文旨在刻画全球典型生态脆弱区生态退化趋势的基础上,基于利益相关者问卷调查和权威国际组织评估报告,梳理和分析针对主要退化问题和区域的生态技术需求。分析表明,脆弱生态区生态退化主要表现为水土流失、荒漠化、石漠化与生态系统退化,2000—2014年间,全球和中国大部分退化区退化趋势出现持衡或逆转,但仍然有约22%(全球)和11%(中国)的退化区退化程度加重。在不同的退化区,生态技术需求的类型和数量各具特点,主要表现为对复合技术或技术模式需求的增加。生态技术的甄选和应用应当针对具体的退化问题、退化阶段和机理、以及当地的社会经济和政策体制,因此,技术需求评估是选择适宜的治理技术的重要方面,有助于找出技术的输出和引进的区域,促进中国生态文明建设。 相似文献
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丝绸之路经济带生态环境格局与生态文明建设模式 总被引：4，自引：0，他引：4
弘扬古丝路文明先进文化,建设丝绸之路经济带现代生态文明,是协调丝路开发与生态环境保护关系的必然选择。本文在分析丝绸之路经济带生态环境格局的基础上,总结了丝绸之路经济带生态文明建设的模式,提出了共同应对气候变化、跨国共建生态环境的行动计划。丝绸之路经济带沿线地区生态环境是一个有机的整体,土壤、植被等重要生态要素存在明显的地带性梯度变化规律,生态背景总体较为脆弱,大气和水环境污染存在跨界传输的通道,是全球气候变化的敏感地区。随着丝绸之路经济带建设战略的实施,沿线地区人类活动将明显加剧,工业化、城镇化对生态环境的压力将明显增强,部分地区脆弱生态环境所面临的威胁不容忽视,需要各国积极行动,共同构建丝路生态文明。基于丝绸之路经济带生态环境问题的整体性和跨国迁移性特征,应尽快建立丝绸之路经济带生态环境合作机制,在共同应对全球变化和极端气候事件,协同推进生态修复工程,加强沙漠化和荒漠化治理技术联合创新,加强水资源科学配置高效利用和农业节水灌溉技术合作,共同应对长距离污染物传输问题等领域率先行动起来。 相似文献
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20世纪中后期以来,全球气候变化、高强度的人类活动和两者之间的相互作用深刻地影响和改变着陆地生态系统的格局和过程,其共同作用产生的压力可能会导致一些地区的土地系统不堪重负。当前我国社会经济的迅速发展很大程度上是以加重土地系统的脆弱性、损伤其主要生态环境功能为代价,是不可持续的。认识和有效管理高强度人类活动和全球气候变化驱动下的土地系统脆弱性及其恢复力是我国社会经济发展面临的重要挑战。本文分析了当前陆地系统的脆弱性及其可持续利用面临的问题和挑战,阐述了我国土地系统脆弱性现状．介绍了国际上土地脆弱性与恢复力研究案例,重点探讨了当前恢复我国脆弱区土地系统的可能途径。 相似文献
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长庆油田地处黄土高原腹地,毛乌苏沙漠边缘,是我国水土流失最为严重、生态环境极为脆弱的地区之一,地表物质疏松易蚀、生态退化严重,油气资源勘探开发过程中,对勘探开发区域大气、水体、土壤、生物均产生一定不利影响。油田矿区生态重建的关键是植被的恢复与重建。本文分析了油田所辖区域内的生态环境特征并提出了相应的生态恢复与重建措施。 相似文献
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黄土高原生态脆弱区循环经济发展模式研究 总被引：6，自引：1，他引：6
甘肃省陇西县是黄土高原生态脆弱贫困区的典型代表,她的发展面临两对基本矛盾和两难选择.一是农业社会发展阶段与全面建设小康社会目标的矛盾,二是社会经济贫困与生态环境脆弱的矛盾,与之相对应必然存在两难选择(既要发展经济,同时又要保护环境).以生态经济为核心的循环经济是解决这两大矛盾,实现区域经济与生态环境良性循环和可持续发展的必由之路.本文从分析陇西县经济发展面临的突出问题入手,研究了切合黄土高原生态脆弱典型区--陇西县实际的循环经济发展模式,提出了发展循环经济的对策建议. 相似文献
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胡静 《内蒙古科技与经济》2002,(10)
由于气候、人为、历史等因素的影响 ,内蒙古已成为我国沙漠化最为严重的地区之一。其脆弱的生态环境已严重阻碍了当地社会经济乃至全国经济的可持续发展。本文根据内蒙古荒漠区人多地少 ,水资源匮乏 ,经济封闭落后的特点 ,探索在脆弱生态环境下人口、生态、经济如何相互促进、协调发展 相似文献
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西部大开发中的环境灾害问题及其对策 总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3
西部地区是我国生态环境最为脆弱的地区,自然灾害和人为灾害种类繁多,分布广泛,发生频繁,危害极为严重,已成为社会经济可持续发展的严重障碍,也是我国环境灾害日益频繁的重要根源,我们必须处理好开发建设与保护生态环境的减灾防灾的关系,提高社会经济系统的抗灾能力,尽量减免人为灾害及其对自然灾害的放大作用,以谋求社会－经济－生态的协调发展。 相似文献
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实现我国西部地区大开发,缩小东西部差距,是我国重大战略决策,在政治、经济、生态环境建设等方面都具有重要意义。但是西部地区又都是水早灾害频发的地区,长期以来经济发展滞后,人口不断增长给生态环境造成了极大的压力,西北地区生态极其脆弱,西南地区又是我国生物多样性最丰富的区域。因此,在西部大开发过程中,如何保护和改善生态环境,减少水旱灾害损失将成为十分迫切而重要的课题。本文在分析我国西部地区水旱灾害及生态基本特征的基础上,提出了西部大开发中必须遵循的保障可持续发展的具体原则。 相似文献
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生态环境脆弱是影响少数民族群众脱贫致富的重要原因之一。甘肃民族地区生态环境状况的严峻形势,不仅严重影响着自身的可持续发展和生存安全,也对西北乃至全国的生态环境具有重要影响,这就要求从战略高度认识这一区域生态问题的重要性,同时在扶贫开发中,把生态环境建设摆在与经济发展同等重要的位置,以适度开发、发展生态经济、加大智力与科技扶贫力度和重视生态文化等策略,促进甘肃民族地区生态环境保护与扶贫开发的良性互动,实现经济、社会和生态的协调发展。 相似文献
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Marjorie Armstrong-Stassen Margaret Landstrom Ramona Lumpkin 《The Information Society》1998,14(2):153-164
This study examined how students who had no prior experience with videoconferencing would react to the use of videoconferencing as an instructional medium. Students enrolled in seven different courses completed a questionnaire at the beginning of the semester and again at the end of the semester. Students at the origination and remote sites did not differ in their reactions toward videoconferencing but there was a significant difference for gender. Women reacted less favorably to videoconferencing. Compared to the beginning of the semester, students reported significantly less positive attitudes toward taking a course through videoconferencing at the end of the semester. There were no significant differences in students' attitudes toward videoconferencing across courses at the beginning of the semester but there were significant differences across the courses at the end of the semester. The results suggest the need for better preparation for both students and instructors. 相似文献
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A joint study by Prof. ZHANG Zhibin from the CAS Institute of Zoology his co-workers from Norway US Swiss have indicated that historical outbreaks of migratory locusts in China were associated with cold spells suggesting that China's projected climate warming could decrease the pest's numbers. The study was published in Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences on September .…… 《中国科学院院刊(英文版)》2008,22(1):6-7
Ajoint study by Prof. ZHANG Zhibin from the CAS Institute of Zoology and his co-workers from Norway, US and Swiss have indicated that historical outbreaks of migratory locusts in China were associated with cold spells, suggesting that China＇s projected climate warming could decrease the pest＇s numbers. The study was published in Proceedings of theNational Academy of Sciences on 17 September, 2007. 相似文献
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Caroline Haythornthwaite 《The Information Society》2001,17(3):211-226
A computer-mediated group is a complex entity whose members exchange many types of information via multiple means of communication in pursuit of goals specific to their environment. Over time, they coordinate technical features of media with locally enacted use to achieve a viable working arrangement. To explore this complex interaction, a case study is presented of the social networks of interactions and media use among members of a class of computer-supported distance learners. Results show how group structures associated with project teams dominated who communicated with whom, about what, and via which media over the term, and how media came to occupy their own communication niches: Webboard for diffuse class-wide communication; Internet Relay Chat more to named others but still for general communication across the class; and e-mail primarily for intrateam communication. Face-to-face interaction, occurring only during a short on-campus session, appears to have had a catalytic effect on social and emotional exchanges. Results suggest the need to structure exchanges to balance class-wide sharing of ideas with subgroup interactions that facilitate project completion, and to provide media that support these two modes of interaction. 相似文献
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《中国科学院院刊(英文版)》2008,22(1):2-3
CAS should stick to the principle of rendering service to, and giving impetus for, the development of China＇s science enterprise by making S＆T innovations, said CAS President LU Yongxiang. The CAS president made the remarks in a recent talk to communicate the gist of the winter session of the Party＇s Leading-member Group at CAS, which was held from 7 to 11 January in Beijing. 相似文献
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Electronic data interchange (EDI) provides means for interorganizational communication, creates network externalities, requires an advanced information technology (IT) infrastructure, and relies on standards. In the diffusion of such innovations, institutional involvement is imperative. Such institutions contain governmental agencies, national and global standardization organizations, local government, and nonprofit private organizations like industry associations. The last type of organizations we call intermediating institutions. They intermediate or coordinate ("inscribe") the activities of a group of would-be adopters. Unfortunately, little is known of how these organizations shape the EDI diffusion trajectory. In this article we examine one specific type of intermediating organizations?industry associations?and how they advanced the EDI diffusion process in the grocery sectors of Hong Kong, Denmark and Finland. We identify six institutional measures, placed into a matrix formed by the mode of involvement (influence vs. regulation) and the type of diffusion force (supply push vs. demand pull), that can be mobilized to further the EDI diffusion. Industry associations were found to be active users of all these measures to varying degrees. Their role was critical especially in knowledge building, knowledge deployment, and standard setting. Furthermore, institutional involvement varied due to policy and cultural contingencies and power dependencies. 相似文献
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《中国科学院院刊(英文版)》2008,22(1)
With great care, Dr. ZHOU Zhonghe takes out a package wrapped by cotton tissue from a drawer and says: "This is the gem of our collections: the fossil of a bird that lived 125 million years ago!" Then, pointing at a tiny mound, he explains: "Look, this is the claw and that is the head. It was in the egg shell and ready to hatch ... The species fell into a family of waterside inhabitants." 相似文献
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Puay Tang 《The Information Society》1998,14(1):19-31
The increasing prospects of digital piracy has prompted the perceived need by electronic publishers to adopt technical systems of protection, and governments to reform their copyright laws. This article is a preliminary study of the management of intellectual property by electronic publishers, defined as those involved in the production of online databases, and CD-ROMs. It focuses on three main issues: (1) how electronic publishers view the increasing threat of piracy; (2) the methods of protection employed to protect intellectual property in digital format; and (3) the importance of technological protection of intellectual property in electronic publications. The analysis is based on a sample of 23 UK electronic publishers. The interviews revealed an interesting assortment of protection methods and did not show that technological protection was a preferred way. Instead, the means of protection, in addition to copyright law, comprised niche markets, pricing, trust, bad publicity, and nontechnical and technical means. 相似文献
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Milton Mueller 《The Information Society》2001,17(3):151-163
Long-standing conflict between domain name registrants and trademark holders prompted the Internet Corporation for Assigned Names and Numbers (ICANN) to create a global, mandatory arbitration procedure known as the Uniform Dispute Resolution Policy (UDRP). The UDRP has been used in 2166 cases involving 3938 domain names as of 1 November 2000. The policy gives the initiator of a complaint, generally a trademark holder, the right to choose which ICANN-accredited dispute resolution service provider (RSP) will handle the case. During the preparation of the UDRP,some feared that complainant selection would lead to "forum shopping" that might bias the results. This article performs a statistical assessment of the forum-shopping thesis and finds support for it. There are statistically significant differences in the various RSPs' propensity to take away names from defendants; there are also major differences in the number of cases brought to each RSP. RSPs who take away names have the larger share of cases. The study examines other variables that might explain differences in market share, such as price, the plaintiff's nationality, or the time taken to decide a case. It finds that nationality and time also are correlated with market share. The study concludes that shopping for a favorable outcome is an important factor in the UDRP. 相似文献
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Prof. Raymond C.K. Chen a neuropsychologist with the CAS Institute of Psychology has made novel progress in his studies of schizophrenia. His work has been reported by a recent issue of Behavioural Neurology.…… 《中国科学院院刊(英文版)》2008,22(1):15-15
Prof. Raymond C.K. Chen, a neuropsychologist with the CAS Institute of Psychology, has made novel progress in his studies of schizophrenia. His work has been reported by a recent issue of Behavioural Neurology. 相似文献
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Leah A. Lievrouw 《The Information Society》1998,14(2):83-96
The main premise of this article is that in information societies generally, and in virtual social contexts particularly, a distinctive style of interaction to facilitate the communication of difference, heterotopic communication , has emerged. It rests on two cultural foundations: an ideological belief in the positive, socially integrating power of communication, and a prevailing ethic of instrumental rationality, subjective individualism, and strategically practiced self-interest. The former is demonstrated by the use of simulation and spectacle as sources of information; exhibitionism/voyeurism as a communicative style; and the awareness of surveillance. The latter is seen in the competitive use of knowledge as a commodity; a surface globalism masking deep parochialism; lateral as well as vertical information inequity; and the use of public versus private as strategies for engagement rather than as spaces. Those who engage in heterotopic communication resort to their 'own devices' both in the sense of personal agendas, strategies, interests, and interpretations, and in the form of the telecommunication tools that help realize them. These personal and technological devices allow individuals with the right educational and technical resources to avoid exposure to disagreement, difference, or other information that does not serve their direct purposes or reflect their particular views of the world; yet they also help convey the appearance of openness, availability, and cooperation. This style of interaction is used strategically in combination with information and communication technologies to gain social or economic advantages, but it may encourage social separatism and parochialism, inhibit the negotiation of disputes, and emphasize competing interests. 相似文献