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生物医学工程主要是以工程学的观点,对为了人体健康及疾病治疗进行的器官移植、人工器宫的制作与应用、医学实践中各种检测、治疗仪器的设计制造与应用等技术之总称。 （一）器官移植 器官移植是将正常的组织、器官替换病变的组织、器官的一种医疗技术。如植皮、换角膜、替换骨髓、肾脏、心脏、肠、胃、肝脏等移植技术。目前医学界除了病变的人脑不能替换外,其他脏器均能通过外科手术进行移植。特别是自1964年以来随着低温生物学的产生与发展,目前国内外都出现了器官银行。将正常的组织、器官,如皮肤、角膜、血管、神经,肾脏、心脏等等、放到-196℃的液氮下保存,这给器官移植带来更大的方便。打破了时间,地点等限制,从而提高了移植成功率。 （二）人工器官 所谓人工器官就是用人工制造的器械来代替人体器官的制造与应用技术。也就是用人造的“器官”代替真正的器官,行施器官的机能。 人工器官及医用高分子材料的研究应用,是生物医学工程中令人瞩目的领域之一。这方面国外已形成新兴产业。其中人工心瓣、人工 相似文献
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肿瘤复发是肝癌肝移植术后危及生命的主要并发症之一。除了常见的肿瘤复发机制外,另一个不可避免的问题是移植后的免疫抑制治疗方案可能促进肿瘤复发和转移。移植肿瘤学是一个新兴领域以解决肝移植相关的肿瘤学问题。在此背景下,需要综合治疗管理方法来平衡受者的抗肿瘤治疗和免疫抑制状态。双阴性T细胞(DNTs)是一群异质性细胞,主要由T细胞受体(TCR)不同类型的两个亚群组成。其中,TCRαβ+ DNTs被认为在免疫性疾病中诱导免疫抑制,而TCRγδ+ DNTs被广泛认为是肿瘤杀伤细胞。作为一种复合细胞疗法,健康供体来源的DNTs可在体外增殖至治疗量级,并应用于多种恶性肿瘤的治疗,同时既不损伤正常组织,也不被宿主排斥。本文就DNTs的生物学特性及其在肿瘤学、免疫学和移植领域等方面的研究进展进行综述。基于DNTs的多重作用,我们建议将其作为一种现成的过继性细胞治疗(ACT),从而为移植肿瘤学提供一种新的平衡。 相似文献
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带蒂大网膜移植治疗食管破裂 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
目的 探讨应用带蒂大网膜移植治疗食管破裂的可行性.方法 回顾1997年9月至2007年9月收治的12例食管破裂病人应用大网膜移植治疗的手术方法及疗效.结果 12例均一次手术成功,术后无严重并发症发生.结论 应用带蒂大网膜移植治疗食管破裂效果肯定,值得临床推广. 相似文献
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心脏瓣膜置换术是一种复杂的胸心外科手术,随着手术的不断改进,挽救和延长许多终末期心脏病患者的生命,为先天、后天性心脏病患者提供新生希望,患者心功能明显改善,提高了生活自理能力。我院从2003·12~2007·7月对12例患者施行了该手术治疗,术后效果较好。此手术步骤复杂,手术 相似文献
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焦启慧 《中国科教创新导刊》2008,(26)
在终末期肾功能衰竭中,糖尿病肾病所占比例逐渐升高,据2000年中华医学会统计,糖尿病肾病约占终末期肾衰竭患者总数的13.5%[1],随着人口的老龄化及饮食结构的改变,终末期肾病接受透析的患者中糖尿病肾病的比例在逐年递增。目前血液透析仍是糖尿病终末期肾功能衰竭患者最常用的肾脏替代治疗方法之一, 相似文献
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张尚文 《中国科教创新导刊》1997,(6)
动物心脏预期不久将在英国移植成功最近，英国医学家成功地将反基因猪心脏移植给了猴子，在心脏移植术上又迈进了一步。在这次涉及灵长目动物的心脏移植后６０天内，未发现超急性排斥反应。在新闻发布会上，科学家说，１９９６年经遗传学改造的猪的心脏和肾脏能向慢性病患... 相似文献
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张斌 《中小学信息技术教育》2012,(1):82-83
本系统的设计基于B/S模式,考虑到建网成本、建网难度等问题,可以采用Windows 2000 Server+IIS十ASP+Access的架构。虽此架构安全性低、功能稍弱,但也足够满足我们的要求,且使用方便、成本较低、Access数据库易于移植。Server端采用Windows 2000 Server作为服务器,为该平台提供基于Web的浏览服务;采用IIS作为Web服务器,执行ASP网页。系统实现方案及关键技术如图1所示。 相似文献
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We observed in a pilot study that there was a transient elevation of brain natriuretic peptide （BNP） level shortly after the transplantation in the patient with ischemic heart failure, which is unexplainable by the simultaneous increase of the cardiac output and six-minute walk distance. Similar findings were observed in the phase I trial. We postulated on the basis of the finding of Fukuda in vitro that this transient elevation of BNP level against the improvement of cardiac function and exercise capacity might indicate cardiomyogenesis in patients after mesenchymal stem cell transplantation. Further study is warranted to verify the hypothesis. 相似文献
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已度过围手术期的肝移植患者,肝功能再次异常的原因主要包括原发病的复发,特别是乙型和丙型肝炎的复发、新病毒感染,特别是巨细胞病毒的感染、慢性排斥反应、排斥药物中毒所致肝损害等.临床诊断除常规检测肝功能外,主要依靠病毒学检测及病理诊断.内科治疗方法包括手术前的抗病毒治疗、预防呼吸道病毒感染、定期检测抗排斥药物的浓度、及时更换抗排斥药物等. 相似文献
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Dose requirements of continuous infusion of rocuronium and atracurium throughout orthotopic liver transplantation in humans 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
Weng XC Zhou L Fu YY Zhu SM He HL Wu J 《Journal of Zhejiang University. Science. B》2005,6(9):869-872
INTRODUCTION Rocuronium bromide is a new steroidal nonde- polarizing neuromuscular blocking drug that has a faster onset of action than other nondepolarizing neuromuscular blocking drugs. The liver is the major route for its elimination. On the other hand, impaired liver function does not alter either atracurium’s elimination or plasma clearance (Ward and Neill, 1983; Pitter et al., 1990). The exclusion of the hepatic circulation and function during the anhepatic phase of orthotopic liv… 相似文献
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Hai-ying Xu Yi-zhou Xu Feng Ling Zhong Yu Jun Yang Xu Duan Bei Wang Jin-yu Huang 《Journal of Zhejiang University. Science. B》2013,14(8):759-762
Marfan syndrome is a systemic connective tissue disease that could affect the cardiovascular system and eventually lead to heart enlargement and heart failure with high mortality, mainly due to progressive heart failure and/or sudden cardiac death caused by malignant arrhythmia. Here we report that a patient received a cardiac resynchronization therapy-defibrillator (CRT-D) with a pre-monitor function for heart failure and experienced obvious improvements in his cardiac function. Postoperative follow-up showed that the patient had reduced morbidity and hospitalization for heart failure, and also experienced improved quality of life. 相似文献
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Human bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cells transplanted into damaged rabbit heart to improve heart function 总被引：18，自引：0，他引：18
INTRODUCTION Congestive heart failure is the end stage of manycardiovascular diseases. Myocardial infarction (MI)is a life-threatening event that may cause suddencardiac death and heart failure. Despite considerableadvances in diagnosis and treatment of heart disease,cardiac dysfunction after MI is still the majorworldwide cardiovascular disorder. Damaged myo-cardium after acute MI is gradually replaced by fi-brotic noncontractile cells to form scar tissue. Thedeveloping ventricul… 相似文献
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Weng Xiao-chuan Zhou Liang Fu Yin-yan Zhu Sheng-mei He Hui-liang Wu Jian 《浙江大学学报(A卷英文版)》2005,6(9):869-872
Objective: To compare the dose requirements of continuous infusion of rocuronium and atracurium throughout orthotopic liver
transplantation (OLT) in humans. Methods: Twenty male patients undergoing liver transplantation were randomly assigned to
two comparable groups of 10 patients each to receive a continuous infusion of rocuronium or atracurium under intravenous balanced
anesthesia. The response of adductor pollicis to train-of-four (TOF) stimulation of unlar nerve was monitored. The infusion
rates of rocuronium and atracurium were adjusted to maintain T1/Tc ratio of 2%–10%. The total dose of each drug given during
each of the three phases of OLT was recorded. Results: Rocuronium requirement, which were (0.468±0.167) mg/(kg·h) during the
paleohepatic phase, decreased significantly during the anhepatic phase to (0.303±0.134) mg/(kg·h) and returned to the initial
values at the neohepatic period ((0.429±0.130) mg/(kg·h)); whereas atracuruim requirements remained unchanged during orthotopic
liver transplantation. Conclusions: This study showed that the exclusion of the liver from the circulation results in the
significantly reduced requirement of rocuronium while the requirement of atracurium was not changed, which suggests that the
liver is of major importance in the clearance of rocuronium. A continuous infusion of atracurium with constant rate can provide
stable neuromuscular blockade during the three stages of OLT. 相似文献
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Optimal time for mesenchymal stem cell transplantation in rats with myocardial infarction 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
Jiang CY Gui C He AN Hu XY Chen J Jiang Y Wang JA 《Journal of Zhejiang University. Science. B》2008,9(8):630-637
Background:Bone marrow mesenehymal stem cell(MSC)transplantation is a promising strategy in the treatment of myocardial infarction(MI).However,the time for transplanting cells remains controversial.The aim of this study was to find an optimal time point for cell transplantation.Methods:MSCs were isolated and cultured from Sprague-Dawley(SD) rats.MI model was set up in SD rats by permanent ligation of left anterior descending coronary artery.MSCs were directly injected into the infarct berder zone at 1 h,1 week and 2 weeks after MI,respectively.Sham-operated and MI centrel groups received equal volume of phosphate buffered saline(PBS).At 4 weeks after MI,cardiac function Was assessed by echocardiography;vessel density Was analyzed on hematoxylin-eosin stained slides by light microscopy;the apoptosis of cardiomyocytes Was evaluated by terminal deoxynucleotidy1 transferase-mediated dUTP nick end-labeling(TUNEL) assay;the expressions of proteins were analyzed by Western blot.Results:MSC transplantation improved cardiac function.reduced the apoptosis of cardiomyocytes and increased vessel density.These benefits were more obvious in l-week group than in 1-h and 2-week groups.There are more obvious increases in the ratio of bc1-2/bax and the expression of vascular endothelial growth factor(VEGF)and more obvious decreases in the expression of cleaved-caspase-3 in 1-week group than those in other two groups.Conclusion:MSC transplantation was beneficial for the recovery of cardiac function.MSC transplantation at l week post-MI exerted the best effects on increases of cardiac function,anti-apoptosis and angiogenesis. 相似文献
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XIA Qin-gui *L Oliver Chung Heidi Spitznagel Thomas Unger 《Journal of Zhejiang University. Science. B》2001,(4)
ＩＮＴＲＯＤＵＣＴＩＯＮＴｈｅＮａ /Ｈ ｅｘｃｈａｎｇｅｒ (ＮＨＥ)ｉｓａｐＨ ｒｅｇｕｌａｔｏｒｙｐｒｏｔｅｉｎｐｒｅｓｅｎｔｉｎｔｈｅｐｌａｓｍａｍｅｍ ｂｒａｎｃｅｏｆｃａｒｄｉｏｍｙｏｃｙｔｅｓａｎｄｏｔｈｅｒｃｅｌｌｔｙｐｅｓ.ＡｌｔｈｏｕｇｈｓｅｖｅｒａｌｉｓｏｆｏｒｍｓｏｆＮＨＥｈａｖｅｂｅｅｎｄｅ ｃｒｉｂｅｄ,ｔｈｅｐｒｅｄｏｍｉｎａｎｔｉｓｏｆｏｒｍｉｎｔｈｅｈｅａｒｔｉｓｔｈｅｕｂｉｑｕｉｔｏｕｓＮＨＥ 1 ,ｗｈｉｃｈｕｎｄｅｒｃｅｎｔａｉｎｐｈｙｓｉｏｌｏｇｉｃａｌｃｏｎｄｉｔｉ… 相似文献
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Nie SP Wang X Qiao SB Zeng QT Jiang JQ Liu XQ Zhu XM Cao GX Ma CS 《Journal of Zhejiang University. Science. B》2010,11(12):895-904
Objective: Angiogenic therapy is emerging as a potential strategy for the treatment of ischemic heart disease but is limited by a relatively short half-life of growth factors.Fibrin glue (FG) provides a reservoir for controlledrelease of growth factors.The aim of this study was to evaluate the effects of basic fibroblast growth factor (bFGF) incorporating FG on angiogenesis and cardiac performance in a canine infarct model.Methods: Acute myocardial infarction was induced by ligation of the left anterior descending coronary artery (LAD).Group I (n=6) underwent ligation of LAD alone.In Group II,transmural channels were created in the infarct area (n=6).In Group III,nontransmural channels were created to locate FG cylinders containing bFGF (n=6).Eight weeks after operation,myocardial perfusion was assessed by single photon emission computed tomography,cardiac function by echocardiography,and vascular development by immunohistochemical staining.Results: Total vascular density and the number of large vessels (internal diameter ≥50 μm) were dramatically higher in Group III than in Groups I and II at eight weeks.Only the controlled-release group exhibited an improvement in regional myocardial perfusion associated with lower defect score.Animals in Group III presented improved cardiac regional systolic and diastolic functions as well as global systolic function in comparison with the other two groups.Conclusions: Enhanced and sustained angiogenic response can be achieved by controlled-release bFGF incorporating FG within transmyocardial laser channels,thus enabling improvement in myocardial perfusion and cardiac function. 相似文献
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INTRODUCTION In the arsenal of cardiac functional parameters,cardiac output(CO),cardiac index(CI),and strokevolume(SV)are potentially important determinantsof hemodynamics,the measurement of which relieson complicated and sometimes invasive techniques.In the case of congestive heart failure,non-invasivemethods to provide accurate measures of these pa-rameters during exercise stress testing would addsignificant objectiveness to the test result.This couldbe of considerable importance for … 相似文献