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运动训练对大鼠大脑、心肌脂褐素含量及自由基代谢的影响 总被引：9，自引：0，他引：9
观察了８周中等运动强度训练对大鼠力竭运动后和安静时大脑皮层和心肌脂质过氧化水平,超氧化物歧化酶（ＳＯＤ）活性,还原性谷胱甘肽（ＧＳＨ）和脂褐素含量的影响。结果显示：中等运动强度训练,可降低大鼠大脑皮层和心肌力竭运动后和安静时脂质过氧化水平,减少脂褐素的产生,提高超氧化物歧化酶活性,增加安静时两组织还原性谷胱甘肽含量。此结果表明,适量的运动训练具有一定的抗衰老作用。 相似文献
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红芪多糖、力竭运动对大鼠自由基代谢的影响 总被引：6，自引：0，他引：6
赖红梅 《西安体育学院学报》1998,(1)
探讨饲以红芪多糖的大鼠及对照大鼠分别在安静、力竭游泳后即刻及恢复期氧自由基（ＬＰＯ）和抗氧化酶（ＳＯＤ、ＧＳＨ—Ｐｘ）的变化规律。结果表明,红芪多糖（ＨＰＳ）有明显地消除自由基和增加抗氧化酶活性的作用。在安静状态下各组织中的ＬＰＯ、ＳＯＤ和ＧＳＨ—Ｐｘ的含量分布不同。力竭运动后该三种指标值均明显增加,且恢复时程较长 相似文献
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剧烈运动对人体血浆脂质过氧化物和抗氧化酶活性的影响 总被引：4，自引：0，他引：4
测定１５名运动员在功率自行车上进行逐级递增负荷至力竭运动前、后的血浆过氧化脂质（ＬＰＯ）、红细胞超氧化物歧化酶（ＲＢＣ－ＳＯＤ）、血浆谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶（ＧＳＨ－ＰＸ）、维生素Ｅ，发现运动后５分钟ＬＰＯ、ＲＢＣ－ＯＤ含量显著增高，提示剧烈运动不仅引起机体自由基产生增加，脂质过氧化作用加强，而且也动员了机体抗氧化防御系统功能。但以更能体现机体抗氧化防御功能的ＳＯＤ／ＬＰＯ和ＧＳＨ－ＰＸ／ＬＰＯ为指标进行观察，发现运动后机体的抗氧化防御系统功能实际上是下降的。 相似文献
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通过分析大强度耐力运动训练大鼠（♂）部分自由基指标的变化来探讨补充茜草提取物抗氧化、提高机体抗疲劳能力的可能机制。方法：通过建立大鼠递增大强度耐力跑台训练实验模型,测定了大鼠肾脏组织某些生化指标和抗氧化酶活性影响。结果：茜草可增加耐力运动后力竭即刻状态下谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶（GSH-Px）、还原性谷胱甘肽（GSH）、过氧化氢酶（CAT）,降低丙二醛（MDA）以及活性氧（active oxygen）含量。结论：补充茜草提取物可显著提高大鼠肾脏组织抗氧化酶的活性,减轻大强度耐力训练对大鼠肾脏组织造成的脂质过氧化损伤,具有明显的抵抗脂质过氧化的功能,对大鼠运动能力的提高有良好的作用。 相似文献
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雌雄ＳＤ大鼠５４只分组进行６周耐力性或高强度间歇性游泳训练后，测定其伸趾长肌（ＥＤＬ）内的乳酸脱氢酶（ＬＤＨ）活性。证实耐力训练对快肌的无氧功能也有某种程度的促进作用，而强度过大的间歇训练可能损害肌肉的无氧能力。大鼠快肌ＬＤＨ活性在训练后的变化无明显的性别差异。 相似文献
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长期运动训练对老年小鼠心肌线粒体抗氧化能力的影响 总被引：4，自引：0，他引：4
采用小鼠跑转笼运动方式,研究了从５月龄开始为期８个月的运动训练对小鼠心肌抗氧化应激能力的影响。结果发现,随年龄的增长心肌线粒体ＭｎＳＯＤ和ＧＳＨ－ｐｘ活性有升高趋势,而运动训练组小鼠心肌线粒体ＭｎＳＯＤ和ＧＳＨ－ｐｘ活性又显著高于对照组。这表明,衰老过程中心肌线粒体自由基的产生增加,从而诱导抗氧化酶产生增加。而长期有规律的适量运动训练能适量增强机体抗氧化能力,抑制脂质过氧化。 相似文献
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牛磺酸对疲劳运动大鼠心肌线粒体脂质过氧化水平及GSH含量的影响 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
为探讨牛磺酸对运动机体的作用,本研究以力竭游泳大鼠为运动疲劳模型,观察了牛磺酸对心肌线粒体中ＭＤＡ及ＧＳＨ含量的影响。结果表明,牛横酸有显著抑制疲劳运动条件下心肌线粒体脂质过氧化水平及提高ＧＳＨ含量的作用。这可能是其线粒体膜保护机制之一。 相似文献
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牛磺酸对疲劳运动大鼠心肌线粒体SOD和GSH-px活性的影响 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
为探讨牛磺酸对运动机体的作用,本研究以力竭游泳大鼠为运动疲劳模型,观察了牛磺酸对心肌线粒体超氧化物歧化酸（ＳＯＤ）、谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶（ＧＳＨ－ｐｘ）活性的影响。结果表明,牛磺酸有显著提高力竭游泳大鼠心肌线粒体ＳＯＤ、ＧＳＨ－ｐｘ活性的作用。这可能是牛磺酸抑制心肌线粒体脂质过氧化水平,保护线粒体膜功能的机制之一。 相似文献
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This study examined the effect of carbohydrate ingestion on metabolic and performance-related responses during and after a simulated 1h cycling time trial. Eight trained male cyclists (VO 2 peak = 66.5ml kg -1 min -1 ) rode their own bicycles mounted on a windload simulator to imitate real riding conditions. At a self-selected maximal pace, the cyclists performed two 1h rides (separated by 7 days) and were fed either an 8% carbohydrate or placebo solution. The beverages were administered 25 min before (4.5ml kg -1 ) and at the end (4.5ml kg -1 ) of the ride. With carbohydrate feeding, plasma glucose tended (P = 0.21) to rise before the time trial. Compared with rest, the plasma glucose concentration decreased significantly (P < 0.05) at the end of both rides, with no statistically significant difference being observed between treatments. Thereafter, plasma glucose increased significantly (P < 0.05) at 15 and 30 min into recovery, and was significantly higher at 30 min during the carbohydrate trial compared with the placebo trial. No significant changes in plasma free fatty acids were observed during the ride. However, a significant increase (P < 0.05) in free fatty acids was found at 15 and 30 min into recovery, with no difference between trials. Mean power output was significantly (P < 0.05) greater during the carbohydrate compared with the placebo trial (mean - S.E.: 277-3 and 269-3W, respectively). The greater distance covered in the carbohydrate compared with the placebo trial (41.5-1.06 and 41.0–1.06km, respectively; P < 0.05) was equivalent to a 44s improvement. We conclude that pre-exercise carbohydrate ingestion significantly increases endurance performance in trained cyclists during a 1h simulated time trial. Although the mechanism for this enhancement in performance with carbohydrate ingestion cannot be surmised from the present results, it could be related to a higher rate of carbohydrate oxidation, or to favourable effects of carbohydrate ingestion on the central component of fatigue. 相似文献
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Roy J. Shephard 《Journal of sports sciences》2013,31(7):603-620
The biology and medicine of rowing are briefly reviewed. Effort in a 2000 -m race is about 70% aerobic. Because the boat (and in some instances a cox) must be propelled, successful competitors are very tall, with a large lean mass and aerobic power. Large hearts may lead to erroneous diagnoses of a cardiomyopathy. Large respiratory minute volumes must be developed by chest muscles that are also involved in rowing. The vital capacity is typically large, and breathing becomes entrained. Expiration cannot be slowed relative to inspiration (as normally occurs at high rates of ventilation) and the limiting flow velocity may be reached, with the potential for airway collapse. Performance is strongly related to the power output at the ‘anaerobic threshold’, and lactate measures provide a guide to an appropriate intensity of endurance training. Peak blood lactate levels are higher in males (commonly 11–19 mmol·l -1 and occasionally as high as 25 mmol·l -1) than in females (9–11 mmol·l -1), probably because males have a greater muscle mass in relation to blood volume. The skeletal muscles are predominantly slow twitch in type, developing an unusual force and power at low contraction velocities. Many rowers have a suboptimal diet, eating excessive amounts of fat. Lightweight rowers also have problems of weight cycling. Aerobic power and muscle endurance often change by 10% over the season, but such fluctuations can be largely avoided by a well-designed winter training programme. Injuries include back and knee problems, tenosynovitis of the wrist and, since the introduction of large blades, fractures of the costae. 相似文献
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许良 《体育科技文献通报》2011,19(2):1-4
基于1985、1995和2005年全国学生体质调研数据,对各时期我国城乡学生形态、机能、体能发展水平进行系统地定量研究,动态分析20年全国城乡学生体质发展的特点与规律。主要研究结果：（1）近20年城乡学生生长发育持续提前,城市学生各项形态指标生长水平高于乡村,身高城乡差距缩小,体重、胸围城乡差距加大;（2）城市学生肺活量水平高于乡村,城乡学生肺活量20年持续下降,前10年乡村学生下降快、后10年城市学生下降快;（3）乡村学生800m、1000m跑水平高于城市,城市女生50m跑、仰卧起坐水平高于乡村,其他素质城乡学生水平波动较大;（4）城市女生50m跑20年持续下降,城乡学生800m和1000m跑、城市学生50m×8往返跑20年加速下降,其他素质20年间有增有降发展极不平稳。 相似文献
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采用测量、问卷调查、数理统计等方法,分析定向运动学习前后对大学生身心健康的影响.结果经T检验和x2检验且表明：定向运动不仅能增强学生体质健康水平,而且有助于学生的情绪调节,增强自信心与创新意识,培养勇敢顽强的意志品质,建立良好的人际关系,能有效地促进学生身心健康发展.为了全面提高大学生整体素质,积极实践,构建定向运动课内外一体化教学模式,进行定向运动课程模块化教学,以满足学生的多元化需求. 相似文献
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Alan M. Nevill Roger L. Holder Andrew Bardsley Helen Calvert Stephen Jones 《Journal of sports sciences》2013,31(4):437-443
A regression analysis of competitors' tournament results in relation to their world rankings was proposed to identify the effect of home advantage in international ‘grand-slam’ tennis and ‘major’ golf tournaments. The results provided little evidence of home advantage in either the grand-slam tennis or the golf tournaments held in 1993. The only possible evidence of home advantage was found in the Wimbledon tennis and the US Open golf championships. Even these findings can be explained, at least partially, by (1) the availability of information concerning the low world rankings of the British tennis players competing at Wimbledon, and (2) selective entry, allowing only the world's top-ranked foreign golfers into the US open golf tournament. In both cases, the lower ranking home competitors have a greater opportunity to perform above their anticipated world rankings. Therefore, provided entry into tennis and golf tournaments is truly ‘open’ to both the host nation's representatives and foreign competitors alike, home advantage does not appear to be a major factor influencing the competitors' performance in such competitions. These findings may be explained by the relatively objective nature of the scoring systems used in tennis and golf, unlike the subjective influence of refereeing decisions on the results of team-games such as soccer. 相似文献
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曲爱宁 《体育科技文献通报》2007,15(8):97-98
柔韧素质是健美操专业学生的专项素质之一,通过对普通高校健美操专业学生分组对照进行柔韧性训练的实验研究,认为对训练肌群辅以按摩器振颤刺激,可大大提高柔韧性训练效果。 相似文献
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我国城市体育自然环境建设与发展的研究 总被引：5，自引：0，他引：5
采用实地调查研究、理性思维研究和文献资料调研等方法对主要问题进行了专门研究，提出了进行城市体育场所区域生态功能区划、设计体育生态功能区布局的方案、做好体育场所绿色环境系统规划、制定体育场所生态与绿地管理措施等基本观点，提出了若干城市体育自然环境建设与发展的对策。 相似文献
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重新认识体育的社会关联 总被引：3，自引：1，他引：2
体育与政治之间存在一个悖论，体育的发展与经济实力之间没有直线相关，体育与教育部分重叠，体育与宗教最为近缘，体育可借用科学手段，体育的艺术禀性日益明显，体育与养生反映着两种人生观。 相似文献