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1.
传统的双元悖论认为高校中的科学研究与成果转化两者不可兼得。为了研究高校科学研究与成果转化之间的关系,本文基于双元性创新的动态视角,运用面板负二项随机效应模型,以2009—2016年间64所教育部直属高校为样本,进行了实证分析。研究结果表明：高校过去在科学研究成果上的表现,正向加强了当前时点的成果转化;当外部竞争程度越高时,这种边际作用将会增强,但是对于更知名的高校来说,这种边际作用将会被削弱。此外,成果转化的商业化渠道对两个不同时间点的科学研究成果产生了积极的中介作用,使高校科学研究与成果转化之间形成了良性的动态循环。
〖HT5”H〗关键词： 相似文献
2.
[目的/意义]研究学术文献被撤销的规律和特征对于客观认识撤稿现象、净化学术环境、加强科研诚信建设具有重要价值。当前对于撤稿的研究集中于期刊论文,很少关注会议文献。[方法/过程]以撤稿观察数据库中7579篇被撤销会议文献为研究对象,分析总结被撤销文献的时间、来源和学科分布特征以及被撤销原因和时滞。[结果/结论]会议文献撤稿与期刊论文撤稿在原因和时滞上存在重要差异,中国是会议文献撤稿的“重灾区”。研究认为,科研人员、审稿人、出版商、科研管理机构亟需共同努力,加强对于学术会议的质量控制,提高相关主体行为的规范性。 相似文献
3.
近年来随着我国学术会议活动规模和公共经费支持力度不断攀升,亟需建立起长期化、科学化、规范化的学术会议评价机制来保障会议质量,提升会议绩效。当前学术会议评价管理研究中缺乏一种系统性的分析视角和框架,因此对学术会议的绩效内涵、生成方式及评价管理要点缺乏系统性梳理。本研究从新组织结构学派分析视角出发,首先明确了学术会议作为一类组织的特征要素,并对学术会议组织结构中主要功能模块及其关系进行了分析。进而,本文对学术会议组织的绩效内涵及典型组织绩效的生成步骤加以厘清。在此基础上,我们对组织结构类型与学术会议类型间的对应关系进行了分析,并明确了不同类型学术会议的绩效管理评价中的要素、要点和方法工具。 相似文献
4.
Co-authorship networks in the digital library research community 总被引：5，自引：0，他引：5
Xiaoming Liu Johan Bollen Michael L. Nelson Herbert Van de Sompel 《Information processing & management》2005,41(6):1462-1480
The field of digital libraries (DLs) coalesced in 1994: the first digital library conferences were held that year, awareness of the World Wide Web was accelerating, and the National Science Foundation awarded $24 Million (US) for the Digital Library Initiative (DLI). In this paper we examine the state of the DL domain after a decade of activity by applying social network analysis to the co-authorship network of the past ACM, IEEE, and joint ACM/IEEE digital library conferences. We base our analysis on a common binary undirectional network model to represent the co-authorship network, and from it we extract several established network measures. We also introduce a weighted directional network model to represent the co-authorship network, for which we define AuthorRank as an indicator of the impact of an individual author in the network. The results are validated against conference program committee members in the same period. The results show clear advantages of PageRank and AuthorRank over degree, closeness and betweenness centrality metrics. We also investigate the amount and nature of international participation in Joint Conference on Digital Libraries (JCDL). 相似文献
5.
近年来跨学科研究已成为基础研究发展的重要趋势和方向。本文基于Web of Science核心数据库,运用文献计量方法和社会网络分析法对比分析了2003-2017年间中国、美国、日本国际论文的跨学科特点和发展态势,研究内容包括跨学科论文产出特征、学科多样性、学科融合网络特征和主要学科融合组合。结果显示,我国跨学科论文绝对数量的增长速度高于美国和日本;与美国和日本不同的是,跨学科论文中跨学部论文的比例中国近几年呈下降趋势。中、美、日都以两个学科融合为主,尽管两个以上学科融合的比例中国高于美国和日本,但学科融合网络特征显示,中国学科融合网络的连通性、凝聚性和平均度数都要低于美国和日本。中、美、日主要的学科融合组合存在差异,工程学部在我国跨学科研究中占有重要地位。 相似文献
6.
《Information processing & management》2005,41(2):289-312
Citation analysis is performed in order to evaluate authors and scientific collections, such as journals and conference proceedings. Currently, two major systems exist that perform citation analysis: Science Citation Index (SCI) by the Institute for Scientific Information (ISI) and CiteSeer by the NEC Research Institute. The SCI, mostly a manual system up until recently, is based on the notion of the ISI Impact Factor, which has been used extensively for citation analysis purposes. On the other hand the CiteSeer system is an automatically built digital library using agents technology, also based on the notion of ISI Impact Factor. In this paper, we investigate new alternative notions besides the ISI impact factor, in order to provide a novel approach aiming at ranking scientific collections. Furthermore, we present a web-based system that has been built by extracting data from the Databases and Logic Programming (DBLP) website of the University of Trier. Our system, by using the new citation metrics, emerges as a useful tool for ranking scientific collections. In this respect, some first remarks are presented, e.g. on ranking conferences related to databases. 相似文献
7.
As university involvement in technology transfer and entrepreneurship has increased, concerns over the patenting and licensing of scientific discoveries have grown. This paper examines the effect that the licensing of academic patents has on journal citations to academic publications covering the same scientific research. We analyze data on invention disclosures, patents, and licenses from the University of California, a leading U.S. academic patenter and licensor, between 1997 and 2007. We also develop a novel “inventor-based” maximum-likelihood matching technique to automate and generalize Murray's (2002) “patent-paper pairs” methodology. We use this methodology to identify the scientific publications associated with University of California patents and licenses.Based on a “difference-in-differences” analysis, we find that within our sample of patented academic discoveries, citations to licensed patent-linked publications are higher in the three years after the license, although this difference is not statistically significant. We then disaggregate our sample into (a) patented discoveries that are likely to be used as “research tools” by other researchers (based on the presence of material transfer agreements (MTAs) that cover them) and (b) patented discoveries not covered by MTAs. Citations to publications linked to licensed patents in the latter subset (not covered by MTAs) are higher for publications linked to licensed patents, and this difference is statistically significant. In contrast, licensing of patented discoveries that are also research tools is associated with a reduction in citations to papers linked to these research advances, raising the possibility that licensing may restrict the flow of inputs to “follow-on” scientific research. 相似文献
8.
ISTP网络版的检索方法及其使用技巧 总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3
会议文献作为一种重要的科技文献类型，具有很高的学术价值。ISTP作为检索会议文献的重要工具，在国内外享有盛誉。本文在简述会议文献及其类型的基础上，介如了ISTP网络版的检索方法，并举例说明了此检索方法使用中的若干技巧，对专业检索人员和科研人员检索会议文献具有指导意义。 相似文献
9.
传统期刊论文评价工作关注的是论文内部特征和引用情况,从新的视角提出以文献的利用数据(包括网页点击量、浏览量、下载量)及调整指标(点击下载率、下载引用率)来综合评价一篇文章的表现力,并利用《PLoS Biology》与F1000系统数据做了实证分析,证明了上述指标的可行性,其表现也优于被引这一单一指标. 相似文献
10.
We elaborate a model of the incentives of scientists to perform activities of control and criticism when these activities, just like the production of novel findings, are costly, and we study the strategic interaction between these incentives. We then use the model to assess policies meant to enhance the reliability of scientific knowledge. We show that a certain fraction of low-quality science characterizes all the equilibria in the basic model. In fact, the absence of detected low-quality research can be interpreted as the lack of verification activities and thus as a potential limitation to the reliability of a field. Incentivizing incremental research and verification activities improves the expected quality of research; this effect, however, is contrasted by the incentives to free ride on performing verification if many scientists are involved, and may discourage scientists to undertake new research in the first place. Finally, softening incentives to publish does not enhance quality, although it increases the fraction of detected low-quality papers. We also advance empirical predictions and discuss the insights for firms and investors as they “scout” the scientific landscape. 相似文献
11.
研究前沿是科技创新过程中最具潜力和前瞻性的研究方向,尽早识别研究前沿对科学研究、企业研发资源优化配置、政府创新战略前瞻部署等至关重要。针对目前在研究前沿识别研究中存在的不足,提出一种基于机器学习的研究前沿识别方法。该方法首先通过构建机器学习模型来识别出潜在高被引论文,解决利用引文分析法来识别研究前沿的时滞性问题,并将潜在高被引论文纳入研究前沿识别的高被引论文核心文档集中;其次,以高被引论文核心文档集为数据源,利用聚类分析法识别出研究前沿主题,并对研究前沿主题进行对比和评价分析,进而识别出研究前沿;最后,以太阳能光伏电池研究领域为例进行了实证研究,验证了该方法的可行性和有效性,为研究前沿识别提供了新的研究方法。 相似文献
12.
鉴于传统方法对科研成果关键词研究存在较强主观影响和较少考虑时间因素等问题,提出基于时间序列聚类的科研成果关键词分析方法。该方法通过统计分析方法验证关键词出现顺序在一定程度上反映了关键词反映主题思想的重要性,将关键词的重要度转化为时间序列数据,分别从重要度的数值和趋势两个角度出发,使用动态时间弯曲方法度量关键词重要度时间序列数据之间的相似性,结合近邻传播方法对关键词时间序列数据之间的相似性矩阵进行聚类分析,实现科研成果的关键词分析研究。通过对某科研管理类重要期刊2008—2017年期间刊发的科研成果论文关键词研究发现：新方法不仅可以对科研成果中关键词的关注热度和趋势进行聚类划分,自适应地找到中心关键词作为相应类别的特征代表对象,还能为科研成果关键词的主题分析提供理论方法和决策支持。 相似文献
13.
Computer science is a relatively young discipline combining science, engineering, and mathematics. The main flavors of computer science research involve the theoretical development of conceptual models for the different aspects of computing and the more applicative building of software artifacts and assessment of their properties. In the computer science publication culture, conferences are an important vehicle to quickly move ideas, and journals often publish deeper versions of papers already presented at conferences. These peculiarities of the discipline make computer science an original research field within the sciences, and, therefore, the assessment of classical bibliometric laws is particularly important for this field. In this paper, we study the skewness of the distribution of citations to papers published in computer science publication venues (journals and conferences). We find that the skewness in the distribution of mean citedness of different venues combines with the asymmetry in citedness of articles in each venue, resulting in a highly asymmetric citation distribution with a power law tail. Furthermore, the skewness of conference publications is more pronounced than the asymmetry of journal papers. Finally, the impact of journal papers, as measured with bibliometric indicators, largely dominates that of proceeding papers. 相似文献
14.
以我国6所林业高校图书馆为调查对象,以中国学术期刊网络出版总库、中国重要会议论文全文数据库为数据源,对林业高校图书馆的论文发表数量、来源期刊、学术影响力及馆员科研合作能力等进行统计和分析,就如何提高馆员科研能力和学术水平,推动图书馆服务模式向创新型方向发展提出建议。 相似文献
15.
一般认为,科学家尤其是诺贝尔奖科学家科学研究工作成果的主要发表形式是科学论文。但近年来的趋势表明,诺贝尔奖科学家也在大量地申请专利,即便是那些看起来从事基础科学研究的学者,也表现出强烈的专利意识。日本科学家、2012年诺贝尔生理或医学奖得主山中伸弥是其中典型的代表。山中伸弥"论文—专利"行为模式,存在着明显的逻辑合理性和行动连续性,值得我国科学家学习。作为驱动力量的日本科技政策,也值得我国科技政策制定者借鉴参考。 相似文献
16.
科技文献作为研究所必需的计量分析数据,决定了将不同类型和来源的科技文献进行信息融合,能够最大程度地发挥信息的价值。本文基于论文和专利数据以及行业信息等不同维度信息的关联关系,构建基础理论研究水平、科技成果产出情况和市场前景等信息的融合分析框架,运用"四象限分析法"创新性地构建了"理论—技术—市场"的三维评价模型,提出了更加深入判断新兴技术成熟度的分析方法。并以智能建筑领域核心技术为例,对方法的可行性和有效性进行验证。该方法立足技术领域全景,集成论文、专利数据以及行业信息,将技术成熟度的局部特征融合为整体特征,可通过多维分析结果的相互印证、相互补充获得更具参考价值的技术成熟度分析结果。 相似文献
17.
Opinion mining is one of the most important research tasks in the information retrieval research community. With the huge volume of opinionated data available on the Web, approaches must be developed to differentiate opinion from fact. In this paper, we present a lexicon-based approach for opinion retrieval. Generally, opinion retrieval consists of two stages: relevance to the query and opinion detection. In our work, we focus on the second state which itself focusses on detecting opinionated documents . We compare the document to be analyzed with opinionated sources that contain subjective information. We hypothesize that a document with a strong similarity to opinionated sources is more likely to be opinionated itself. Typical lexicon-based approaches treat and choose their opinion sources according to their test collection, then calculate the opinion score based on the frequency of subjective terms in the document. In our work, we use different open opinion collections without any specific treatment and consider them as a reference collection. We then use language models to determine opinion scores. The analysis document and reference collection are represented by different language models (i.e., Dirichlet, Jelinek-Mercer and two-stage models). These language models are generally used in information retrieval to represent the relationship between documents and queries. However, in our study, we modify these language models to represent opinionated documents. We carry out several experiments using Text REtrieval Conference (TREC) Blogs 06 as our analysis collection and Internet Movie Data Bases (IMDB), Multi-Perspective Question Answering (MPQA) and CHESLY as our reference collection. To improve opinion detection, we study the impact of using different language models to represent the document and reference collection alongside different combinations of opinion and retrieval scores. We then use this data to deduce the best opinion detection models. Using the best models, our approach improves on the best baseline of TREC Blog (baseline4) by 30%. 相似文献
18.
作为2014年新推出的一项科研评价指数,自然指数能通过文章计量数和分数式计量数两个指标数据反映出国家、地区、科研机构和大学等高水平论文的产出能力、创新趋势、创新能力、优势学科和合作潜力,为我们提供了一种新的评估高校科研能力的方法。自然指数以12个月为统计时长,定期更新,对被评价机构在82种顶级自然科学类期刊上发表的研究型论文进行了统计分析。与基本科学指标数据库（ESI）评价体系需要监测十年的论文数据相比,自然指数的排名更能反映出被评价机构在短期内的科研产出情况,能更客观公正的评价新建高校科研产出的情况。以南方科技大学为例,该校建校未满十年,ESI数据与其他老牌高校还有一定差距,但从自然指数数据显示,该校高水平论文一直在飞速增长,上升势头非常明显,2018年已跃居内地高校第27位,深圳地区首位。数据还表明该校与海外大学的科研合作十分密切,发表的高水平论文以外部合作为主,其优势学科为化学和物理学科,生命科学和地球与环境科学相对比较薄弱,学科发展水平较不均衡。同样,自然指数评价体系也存在一些不足,如对学者的贡献程度没有区分,默认每位作者的贡献相等;统计的是论文数量和分数式计量的总量,没有以个人平均产出作为衡量标准等。随着自然指数的推广,入选自然指数统计源的各期刊,极有可能被科研管理部门在科研评价中赋予更高的权重,也会成为科研工作者投稿时选择顶级期刊的一个标准。自然指数以一种全新的视角评价了高校的科研产出情况,为今后的科研管理工作提供了一定参考。 相似文献
19.
2004年度诺贝尔生理或医学奖获得者科学论文测度及思考 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
本文利用国际权威数据库，根据科学计量学方法，从发表论文数量
统计和引文分析两个方面，通过对2004年诺贝尔生理或医学奖获得者科技论文进行测度，对
顶级医
学科学家发表论文数量与质量、医学科学活动规律、项目研究过程和相互合作等进行了辩证
的分析与思考，以为我国杰出医学科学家的培养和早出诺贝尔奖级研究成果提供参考。 相似文献
20.
This paper presents the results of an econometric approach to examine the determinants of scientific production at cross-country level. The paper aims not to provide accurate and robust estimates of investment elasticities (a doubtful task given the poor quality of the data sources and the modelling problems), but to develop and critically assess the validity of an empirical approach for characterising the production of science and its impact, from a comparative perspective. We employ and discuss the limitations of a production function approach to relate investment inputs to scientific outputs using a sample of 14 countries for which we have information on higher education research and development (HERD). The outputs are taken from the Thomson ISI® national science indicators (2002) database on published papers and citations. The inputs and outputs for this sample of countries have been recorded for a period of 21 years (1981-2002). A thorough discussion of the data shortcomings is provided. On the basis of this panel dataset we investigate the profile of the time lag between investment in HERD and research output and returns to national investment in science. We devote particular attention to analysing the presence of cross-country spillovers. We show their relevance and underline the international effect of the US system. 相似文献