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儿童数学认知障碍涉及多项认知成分和心理过程的作用机制,也涉及非认知因素的影响.执行功能是对个体的意识和行为进行监督和控制的各种操作过程.执行功能可以从认知神经机制、工作记忆机制、抑制控制机制以及问题解决等方面对儿童数学认知障碍进行预测和解释. 相似文献
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儿童数学认知障碍不仅涉及到多项认知成分和心理过程的作用机制,还涉及到诸如前额叶皮层等认知神经机制。执行功能是对个体的意识和行为进行监督和控制的各种操作过程,与数学认知能力的发展有着密切的联系。执行功能可以从认知神经机制、工作记忆机制、抑制控制机制以及问题解决等方面对儿童数学认知障碍进行预测和解释。 相似文献
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本研究旨在探讨少先队教育对儿童政治启蒙的作用方式和影响效应,构建以少先队实践教育与组织教育、儿童主体参与,以及儿童政治认知、政治情感、政治参与的分析框架,并通过结构方程模型进行实证检验。实证数据表明,少先队组织教育对儿童政治认知、政治情感有正向显著影响;实践教育对儿童政治情感有正向显著影响;儿童主体参与对儿童政治认知、政治情感、政治参与均有正向显著影响;儿童主体参与是实践教育对儿童政治启蒙起作用的显著中介变量。因此,为了促进儿童政治启蒙,要重视少先队教育的合力效应,加强儿童政治启蒙的群体动力机制构建,并特别重视儿童主体参与的中介作用,优化少先队教育的整体路径。 相似文献
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本研究旨在探讨少先队教育对儿童政治启蒙的作用方式和影响效应,构建以少先队实践教育与组织教育、儿童主体参与,以及儿童政治认知、政治情感、政治参与的分析框架,并通过结构方程模型进行实证检验。实证数据表明,少先队组织教育对儿童政治认知、政治情感有正向显著影响;实践教育对儿童政治情感有正向显著影响;儿童主体参与对儿童政治认知、政治情感、政治参与均有正向显著影响;儿童主体参与是实践教育对儿童政治启蒙起作用的显著中介变量。因此,为了促进儿童政治启蒙,要重视少先队教育的合力效应,加强儿童政治启蒙的群体动力机制构建,并特别重视儿童主体参与的中介作用,优化少先队教育的整体路径。 相似文献
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采用分层随机抽样法在济南、青岛两地的7所初级中学抽取学生897人进行问卷调查,考察儿童权利意识与家庭社会经济地位和父母教养方式的相关.研究结果如下:(1)父母教养方式对儿童的权利认知和权利行为倾向均具有显著影响.(2)在农村,中等社会经济地位儿童的权利认知和权利情感得分显著高于低社会经济地位儿童.(3)家庭社会经济地位对儿童的权利认知和权利情感具有极其显著的预测作用,家庭的社会经济地位越高,儿童的权利认知和权利情感得分越高;父母教养方式对儿童的权利行为倾向具有极其显著的预测作用,权威型教养方式下的儿童具有更强的权利行为倾向. 相似文献
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人的认识活动与人的情感是密不可分的．在日常生活中,学生的感知、想象、思维都受到自己或老师的情感影响．心理学研究发现,情感对儿童的心理活动和行为动机有很大的作用,情感思维能促进、激发、抑制或延缓儿童的认知活动． 相似文献
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父亲从认知和行为等不同方面对儿童的社会化产生影响。我国对此的研究主要体现在普通儿童身上,对学习困难儿童的研究几乎没有。文章通过查阅和分析普通儿童与学习困难儿童社会性发展的不同,探讨父亲角色在学习困难儿童社会认知、社会交往、社会情绪和社会行为方面的作用,为父亲如何积极参与到学习困难儿童的社会性教育中提供借鉴。 相似文献
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主题活动中的节日教育活动能让孩子亲近自然、接触社会,了解风土人情和文化习俗,从而陶冶情操,培养互相关心、热爱自然等良好的社会情感,促进儿童认知、情感、行为、个性等和谐发展。 相似文献
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家庭生态环境与儿童早期数学认知能力 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
家庭生态环境是一个包括家庭社会经济地位、父母对儿童发展的认识以及对儿童的知识传递行为等多个方面的复杂系统。运用访谈、问卷、结构观察等多种方法对家庭生态环境与个体早期数学认知能力发展关系的研究表明:(1)家庭社会经济地位、母亲对儿童数学认知能力发展的认识、母亲对数学任务的知觉水平以及母亲对儿童数学知识的传递行为与儿童早期数学认知能力的相关显著;(2)家庭生态环境与儿童早期数学认知能力的多层次关系模型是合理的、可接受的;(3)家庭生态环境中各因素对儿童早期数学认知能力发展的作用方式、作用程度不同,母亲对儿童数学知识的传递行为对其早期数学认知能力发展的作用最为直接、有效。 相似文献
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国外儿童虐待的心理学研究述评 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
本文回顾了国外当前在儿童虐待问题上的心理学研究进展。儿童虐待的发生及其后果被理解为个人、家庭和社会环境因素的联合作用;另外,本文还介绍了虐待对儿童认知、社会性情绪、同伴关系和社会行为、神经生理的影响的研究状况,并认为强调对受虐儿童恢复力研究的重视以及对预防性干预成为国外该领域应用研究的趋势。 相似文献
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The present study is a longitudinal examination of the relations between parental expressions of affect and parental control behaviors and children's classroom acceptance in kindergarten and first grade. One hundred-sixteen kindergarten-aged children and their parents were videotaped during physical play sessions and parents were rated on global affective and behavioral dimensions. Ratings of classroom social acceptance were provided by teachers and peers. Results indicated that parents' expressed positive and negative affect were related to children's classroom acceptance in kindergarten and in first grade. The most powerful and consistent predictor of children's social acceptance was fathers' expressed negative affect, particularly between father-son dyads. The current study emphasizes the importance of continued examination of linkages between the family and peer systems, especially with respect to the ways in which children's experiences in the family and school environments may mutually influence social development, and points to the need for further examination of the mechanisms by which multiple social contexts may influence children's behavior in the family and in school. 相似文献
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Perceptual similarity among concept members has been viewed as inadequate to motivate concept formation. Instead, it has been argued that intuitive beliefs about the world offer more structured motivation for concepts. Our research explores children's beliefs about the relations between perceptually based similarity among things and their predicted behaviors. We focus on form-function correspondences as fundamental components of very young children's belief systems. Groups of 2- and 4-year-old children were asked to choose which of 2 line-drawn animals evidenced a particular "function," a special behavior. Even the youngest children showed sensitivity to form-function correspondences by selecting the animal whose form afforded the particular function. A second study investigated how form-function correspondences affect the relative influences of perceptual similarity and shared labels over patterns of children's inference. Perceptual similarity, if "motivated" by intuitive beliefs about correspondences between form and function, was found to be sufficient basis for inference and a more robust basis than shared labels when children attributed meaningful functions to novel animal forms. 相似文献
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The current study was designed to determine whether children's ability to distinguish moral rules from conventional school-based rules, and conventional home- based rules was affected by the amount of experience they had in day-care. Preschoolers (N = 42), ranging in age from 35 to 61 months, were interviewed about: (1) the legitimacy of authority to abolish a rule, (2) the accept- ability of behaviors that were permitted by an authority, and (3) the seriousness of behaviors that were prohibited by an authority. The results revealed that previous day-care experience did not affect children's judgments. Moral events were distinguished from conventional events on all questions. In addition, home-based conventional events were distinguished from school-based conventional events suggesting that children consider the social context in which conventional events occur. 相似文献
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Deater-Deckard K 《Child development》2000,71(2):468-484
The aim of this study was to examine environmental and gene-environment processes linking parenting (i.e., affect, control, responsiveness) and preschool children's behavioral adjustment difficulties (e.g., noncompliance, conduct problems) by using bivariate genetic analyses of parents' and observers' ratings. The sample included 120 identical and same-sex fraternal twin pairs (M age = 43 months). Data sources included in-home observations, interviews, and parents' reports. Observers' ratings of children's difficult behaviors included shared and nonshared environmental variance. In contrast, parents' ratings of children's conduct problems showed genetic and nonshared environmental variance. Observer-rated maternal behavior included shared and nonshared environmental variance, although maternal responsiveness also included child genetic variance. Parent self-reported negative and positive affect included shared and nonshared environment as well as child genetic variance. There was no evidence for gene-environment interaction or dominance. Higher levels of difficult behavior and conduct problems covaried with higher levels of maternal negative affect and control and lower levels of maternal positive affect and control. Shared environmental mediation of these correlations was found for observations, whereas genetic and nonshared environmental mediation was found for parents' ratings. In general, estimates of shared environmental variance and mediation were greatest for observational data, and estimates of child genetic variance and mediation were greatest for parent-rated data. The implications of this pattern of findings for genetic research on family processes are discussed. 相似文献
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范方 《邵阳学院学报(社会科学版)》2002,(1)
调查发现:欠发达地区农村儿童亲子教育缺失现象非常严重,儿童亲子教育缺失与问题行为高度关联。这一事实应该引起社会的普遍关注。儿童的亲子教育缺失引发问题行为有其深刻的社会学和心理学原因。主要是劳动力资源的重新配置引起了儿童的亲子教育缺失,但二者之间的冲突是可以调和的。 相似文献
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绘画投射技术可以激发儿童有意识和无意识的联想,通过分析儿童的绘画作品可以展现儿童的主体经验、情感与经历.攻击性行为是儿童诸多问题行为中较为普遍的一种不良适应行为,本研究将绘画投射技术运用于个案研究对象,不仅发现个案研究对象当前的认知、思想与情感状况均不佳,自尊感低,悲伤抑郁纠结,而且发现他的主要焦虑与冲突来自与同伴的交往不良.个案在研究者设计的系列绘画活动中显示出对他人行为的解释存在着归因偏见,倾向于将情景中不明晰的信息当成具有挑衅意义的信息,反映了其攻击性行为产生的深层原因.而在经过以研究者设计的系列绘画活动为中介的渲泄过程后,个案研究对象也表现出了显著的变化,其后期的绘画作品与最初的绘画作品相比,表现出了更强壮的个体、更健全的自我概念和更愉悦的人际关系,由此可见,运用绘画投射技术有助于成人深入了解攻击性儿童的心理状态与行为动因,为更好地预防与干预儿童的攻击性行为提供有益参考. 相似文献
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赌博高利贷市场的价格机制初探 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
赌博高利贷市场缺乏形成市场均衡价格所需要的竞争环境,因此,所有的赌博高利贷交易都是私下交易、个案处理.在这样的条件下,交易时赌徒的边际效用便成了交易的唯一价格基础.价格(利息条件)必须在边际效用递增所形成的“消费者剩余“的边界之内产生.在这个范围内,选取哪一点取决于交易双方的谈判能力.不同的贷款人面对谈判能力不同的赌徒,会达成大不相同的交易结果. 相似文献