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1.
The United Kingdom’s Coalition government has introduced an education policy that is focused on increasing the opportunities to promote and advance social mobility for all children within state education. Raising young people’s aspirations through school-based initiatives is a prominent theme within recent policy texts, which are focused on improving educational outcomes and thus advancing social mobility. This article draws on qualitative data from paired interviews with 32 students in two academies to first investigate if our participants’ aspirations indicate a desire for intragenerational social mobility and second, to explore our participants’ perceptions of the influences of their family background on their aspirations for the future. Analysis of our data highlights the mismatch between our participants’ aspirations for the future and the government’s constructions of what they should aspire to, as articulated in policy texts. By investigating aspirations, as part of a wider project to understand social mobility qualitatively, our data shows the important role of family in shaping our participants’ varied and diverse aspirations that are frequently at variance with government policy. 相似文献
2.
This article highlights the potential of taking a genealogical approach to researching social mobility based on empirical insights generated from a qualitative case study in a secondary school located in the South East of England. The study involved interviews with 42 students and the data lead to a deeper understanding of the role of families in inter- and intra-generational social movement. We begin by highlighting some limitations in existing research on social mobility. Next, the role of households and families in conditioning an individual's identity, dispositions, aspirations and choices is emphasised. We then present findings from the analysis of 42 genealogical work histories over three generations and explore the role of education and family background in shaping young people's employment aspirations. We argue that education has had little impact on overall mobility rates and suggest that whilst education has a significant role in mediating social mobility, the importance of family context should not be overlooked. 相似文献
3.
Theoretical foundations for enhancing social connectedness in online learning environments 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
Group social structure provides a comfortable and predictable context for interaction in learning environments. Students in face‐to‐face learning environments process social information about others in order to assess traits, predict behaviors, and determine qualifications for assuming particular responsibilities within a group. In online learning environments, however, negotiating social information and maintaining social connectedness can pose challenges for participants. Nonverbal strategies one typically uses for enhancing communication and overcoming ambiguity – such as an approving smile or a questioning brow – must be approached differently while learning online where fewer sensory communication channels are typically available. We present the theoretical foundation for how social information processing and group structure theories may be combined to assist instructional designers in further examining the social system perceived by the online learner. We propose a framework for thinking more systematically about the development of group social structure in online learning environments. 相似文献
4.
Benjamin Kehrwald 《Distance Education》2008,29(1):89-106
This article reports on key aspects of a theory generative study into social presence in text‐based online learning environments. The focus of the article is the nature of social presence as experienced by online learners in those environments. Employing a collective case study design, the study accessed online learners’ experience‐based heuristic knowledge through a multi‐phase dialogical process which functioned as an extended interview. Among the key findings was (a) a definition of social presence drawn from learners’ experiences; (b) explication of the nature of social presence in online learning environments; (c) suggestions for the creation and sustenance of social presence in those environments; and (d) support for a relational view of social presence which emphasizes human agency in mediated social processes and foreshadows a role for social presence as a critical element of online learning environments. 相似文献
5.
Learning Environments,Family Contexts,Educational Aspirations and Attainment: A Moderation-Mediation Model Extended 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
In this extension of a previous study (Marjoribanks, 1999), a moderation-mediation model was constructed to examine relationships
among learning environments, adolescents' educational aspirations and the educational attainment of young adults from different
family contexts. Data were collected as part of a longitudinal survey of Australian youth (4382 females, 3940 males). The
findings from the two investigations indicated that when distal family contexts were defined conjointly by family social status
and parents' aspirations: (1) distal family contexts, academic performance and learning environments combined to have large
associations with adolescents' educational aspirations; (2) distal family contexts, adolescents' learning environments and
educational aspirations combined to have large associations with young adults' educational attainment; and (3) there were
family-context differences in the linear and curvilinear nature of the relations among measures of individual characteristics,
learning environments and educational outcomes, and these also varied between females and males in those family contexts.
This revised version was published online in July 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date. 相似文献
6.
Social justice in education refers to the expectation that the education system provides fairness in its access to opportunities and results. Proponents of educational privatisation believe this would not only open up opportunities for those that otherwise are restricted from attending good schools, but that it would also improve overall efficiency in the education system through pressures of market competition. This article first provides a framework for analysing a quasi-market in education and for considering the potential effects of privatisation. It then applies this framework to the Netherlands, a school system premised completely on choice where two thirds of the schools are privately sponsored. We conclude that the Dutch system, thanks to a series of policies and regulations in place, performs relatively well on social justice, when looking at freedom of choice and overall productive efficiency. However, for equity and social cohesion, despite clear policy efforts, the privatised system seems to undermine social justice for certain groups in the population. The dilemma observed here is that some private benefits of education must be compromised to achieve greater equity and social cohesion. It is an open question whether policy makers are willing to make such tradeoffs. 相似文献
7.
Ioan MihĂilescu 《Higher Education in Europe》2004,29(3):353-362
The political changes in Romania after 1989 were followed by structural changes that affected all areas of social, economic, political, and cultural life. The transition from a ‘closed’ to an ‘open’ society has been difficult for East European countries, as the creation of institutions oriented towards competition and diversity has not led to an instantaneous change in mentalities and social routines. Decades of communist education in the ‘spirit of modesty’ ensured that aspirations did not transgress ideological boundaries, and this is essential to an appreciation of the gap between social aspirations and systemic functionality after 1990.
Extensive economic reorganization has had a direct effect on the education system, with some as yet unnatural changes. New occupations and fields of activity have emerged, for which existing qualifications are proving inadequate. At the same time, relative to the pre‐1989 occupational structure, the importance granted to qualifications has dramatically decreased. If the outlets for expressed ideals and aspirations are insufficient, the surplus of qualifications tends to ‘drain’ towards less socio‐economically closed environments. 相似文献
8.
网络教学中的教师角色实证研究 总被引：3，自引：1，他引：2
在网络教学中,教师的职责主要通过发布帖子体现.本研究中,笔者首先利用Berge(1995)的教学性、管理性、社会性、技术性四维角色模型,通过对教师发布的帖子进行内容分析,对三位高校教师、两位中学教师的在线教学角色进行了研究,其中,各有一位高校教师和中学教师是第一次开展网络教学.研究发现,教学性角色和管理性角色是教师最重要的两个角色.同时,笔者还利用社会网络分析(SNA)方法,对包括教师和排除教师两种情况的交互网络进行了分析,独立样本t检验发现,当把教师从交互网络中排除出去后,密度差异和入度网络中心势的差异在统计学上达到显著,这说明教师在交互过程中具有重要的影响.对于出度网络中心势分析,排除中学教师后交互网络的降幅在70%以上.中学师生交互网络和高校新手教师交互网络呈现了更多的以教师为中心的特点,而有经验高校老师参与的师生交互网络体现了更多的以学生为中心的特点.最后,笔者指出了本研究所存在的局限,并对后续研究计划进行了讨论. 相似文献
9.
This study aims to understand teachers’ perspectives on their roles in higher education, their views about the adoption of a social‐constructivist approach to teaching and learning and the integration of online collaborative learning in blended learning environments in higher education from a cross cultural perspective. We interviewed 60 Chinese teachers from Beijing Normal University and Capital Normal University in Beijing, China and 30 Flemish teachers from Ghent University in Flanders, Belgium. The results revealed differences as well as specific similarities in perspectives between the Chinese and Flemish university teachers. The cultural and educational context is taken into consideration when discussing the results. 相似文献
10.
Young people’s aspirations remain an enduring focus of education policy interest and concern. Drawing on data from an ongoing five-year study of young people’s science and career aspirations (age 10–14), this paper asks what do young people aspire to at age 12/13, and what influences these aspirations? It outlines the main aspirations and sources of these aspirations as expressed by young people in England in the last year of primary school (survey of 9000+ Y6 pupils, aged 10/11, interviews with 92 children and 76 parents) and the second year of secondary school (survey of 5600+ Y8 pupils, aged 12/13, interviews with 85 pupils). We demonstrate how aspirations are shaped by structural forces (e.g. social class, gender and ethnicity) and how different spheres of influence (home/family, school, hobbies/leisure activities and TV) appear to shape different types of aspirations. The paper concludes by considering the implications for educational policy and careers education. 相似文献
11.
近年来,互联网的普及使得国外名校网络公开课席卷全球教育界,人文社科课程因其趣味性高、专业门槛较低的特点,而受到普遍欢迎。但是我国的人文社科类网络公开课与国外网络公开课相比,依然存在较大差距,必须通过加大对人文类网络公开课的重视和投入,进一步完善网络互动平台的建设将人文社科类网络公开课的建设推上一个新台阶。 相似文献
12.
We previously proposed that science capital (science-related forms of cultural and social capital) can be used as a theoretical lens for explaining the patterned nature of aspirations and educational participation among young people aged 11–16. Building on these findings, the present article investigates whether science capital is related to post-18 aspirations to pursue further STEM study and whether science capital can be extended to related disciplines including engineering, maths and technology. Specifically, we report on correlational analyses exploring the relationships between science, technology, engineering and maths attitudes and science capital. Drawing on data from a new survey of 7,013 17/18 year old English secondary school students, analyses showed that science capital, while strongly related to engineering and physical science future study aspirations, was not strongly related to the pursuit of either maths or technology postsecondary study. The findings also suggest that engineering and maths attitudes have a stronger relationship to science capital than attitudes relating to technology. We conclude with a discussion of the implications of these findings and propose that science capital might be more usefully applied to “SEM,” with links to technology fields and aspirations needing further exploration. 相似文献
13.
Delivering Higher Education to an Emerging Island State with an Emphasis on Instructional Technology
Chih-Hsiung Tu Marina McIsaac Laura Sujo-Montes Shadow Armfield 《Educational Media International》2013,50(4):247-261
Mobile learning environments are human networks that afford the opportunity to participate in creative endeavors, social networking, organize/reorganize social contents, and manage social acts at anytime, anywhere through mobile technologies. Social acts that elicit identities, develop awareness, cement relationships, ensure connections, and promote interactions are necessary for interactive learning. This study was to understand mobile social presence and how it influences social interaction and relates to online and network social presences. It concluded that mobile social presence is similar to virtual social presence in a way; however, it is different from online and network social presences in the aspects of personalized control, and location-free digital interaction. Mobile social presence is defined as the degree of enriching social context-awareness, managing location-based communication, personalized multi-layered interactivity, and optimized digital and social identities to other intellectuals through digital mobile technologies. 相似文献
14.
This article examines the association between formal education, social mobility and independent child migration in Ethiopia, India (Andhra Pradesh), Peru and Vietnam and draws on data from Young Lives, a longitudinal study of childhood poverty and schooling. It argues that among resource-poor populations, child migration sustains kin relations across generations and households and also facilitates children’s progression through the life-course, thus it is fundamental to social reproduction. It reasons that formal education has greatly amplified this trend. Schooling has acquired symbolic value as the prime means of escaping household poverty and realising ambitions for social mobility. As such, elevated educational aspirations combine with systems shortcomings to stimulate school selection, school transfer and school-related child migration. The article concludes by examining the implications for children, for social reproduction and for policy. 相似文献
15.
Harsha Dulari Wijesekera Jennifer Alford Michael Guanglun Mu 《International Journal of Inclusive Education》2019,23(1):23-41
ABSTRACTThis paper offers a perspective on bilingual education (BE) as inclusive education. Ethnolinguistically-separated schools and classrooms in Sri Lanka resulted from an enduring, mother tongue instruction policy which abetted a deeply ethnically-divided nation. More recently, Sri Lanka has experimented with a BE programme in pursuit of enriching the perceived value of the local mother tongues as well as building students’ knowledge of English as a global language. This article presents analysis of the inclusive practice of two Sri Lankan BE teachers in their attempts to advance social cohesion through bilingual education. We demonstrate the logic of practice focussing on four features of the teachers’ work: promoting interethnic relations through regular change of seating arrangements; equal delegation of responsibilities and absence of favouritism; cooperative group work in ethnically heterogeneous groups; and, promoting heteroglossic language practices or translanguaging. The positive, inclusive consequences of these practices are corroborated by focus group data gathered from students in the school. We argue that teachers have a significant role in changing the logic of practice in the classroom, and that the implicit rules teachers encode in their pedagogy can reorient exclusionary, ethnocentric identity positioning towards more inclusive, supraethnic identities. 相似文献
16.
日伪时期内蒙古的社会教育概况 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
日伪时期内蒙古的社会教育,是日本帝国主义建立殖民教育体系的一个组成部分。在教育对象上,面向社会和大众;在教育方式上,有青年训练班、民众教育馆、日本语学校等形式;在教育内容上,主要包括亲日反共的思想教育、军事训练、普及日本语等内容。这样的社会教育,带有浓厚的奴化色彩,为日本的侵略战争和殖民统治服务,其性质属于文化侵略活动。 相似文献
17.
Naomi Berman 《高等教育研究与发展》2020,39(1):127-140
ABSTRACTGlobally, the future of the higher education sector is under increasing scrutiny, and questions are being asked about the relevance of universities as traditional sites of teaching and learning. In an effort to adapt to the complexities that beset the higher education environment, universities are exploring the utility and benefits offered through informal learning spaces. However, the emergence of informal learning spaces raises important questions regarding student behaviours and ‘learning’, including the dichotomous positioning of the categories ‘formal’ and ‘informal’. This article highlights a tendency in the literature to treat informal learning spaces in a romanticised and overdetermined way. It challenges some of the popular imaginaries of these spaces as free, open and democratising in terms of students’ use, technological affordances, and a largely unchallenged emphasis on forms of community and collaboration as if they are unproblematic. Indeed, a persistently undefined ‘social’ quality attributed to informal learning settings, coupled with a focus on design and technology elements, elides the possibility of negative social practices such as exclusion and marginalisation. Moreover, empirical treatments of these spaces are dominated by quantitative methods that rely on deterministic cause and effect models, including normative understandings of academic success, as a measure of effectiveness. If universities are to proceed in better understanding these learning sites and the meanings and practices students bring to them, new perspectives incorporating more critical, interpretive qualitative approaches that give primacy to understanding the ways in which these spaces might reproduce marginalising or exclusionary social practices are required. 相似文献
18.
Chih-Hsiung Tu Laura Sujo-Montes Cherng-Jyh Yen Junn-Yih Chan Michael Blocher 《TechTrends》2012,56(3):13-19
Learning management systems traditionally provide structures to guide online learners to achieve their learning goals. Web
2.0 technology empowers learners to create, share, and organize their personal learning environments in open network environments;
and allows learners to engage in social networking and collaborating activities. Advanced networking mechanisms, UGC, flat-structured
architectures, RSS, and social tagging, permit online learners to define their own learning structures. This article reports
an online course built within multiple Web 2.0 technologies designed to empower learners to construct their own personal learning
environments within open network learning environments. Lessons learned, examples, and critical issues are discussed. This
paper concludes that effective instructions should prepare “online” learners to become “network” or “open network” learners. 相似文献
19.
关于“网络语言” 总被引：54，自引：0，他引：54
郑远汉 《华中科技大学学报(社会科学版)》2002,16(3):102-106
本主要讨论网民之间上网聊天时用来彼此传递信息的一些特别的信息符号和用法,且称之为“网络语言”,对于这类网络语言,人们的褒贬不一,我们认为,这是一种特殊的言语现象,也是一种社会现象,化现象,语言学尤其是社会语言学应当重视它,研究它,不能视而不见,或简单地予以排斥,本从网络语言的构成,形成网络语言的原因和条件,网络语言的性质和前途三个方面作讨论,力求对这种特殊的言语现象有一个比较全面,切实的认识。 相似文献
20.
Sharon Broughton Elizabeth van Acker 《International Journal of Lifelong Education》2013,32(3):279-293
This paper examines the educational ambitions of adults from a disadvantaged area in Australia who returned to study at a further education institution as a means to access higher education. The study examines the significance and influence of romance, gender and social class on their formal learning, and the delaying influence of these factors in realising lifelong learning aspirations. It draws on written testimonies of students’ early expectations and beliefs about learning, education and life choices, their current beliefs and future tertiary and career expectations to argue that romantic conceptions of early motherhood/marriage have a negative impact on women from low socio‐economic backgrounds. The focus is on self‐reporting of the impact of early parenthood and/or the consequences of premature dissolution of a romantic relationship on educational aspirations or opportunity. We define the basic concept of romance as concerning love and ‘living happily ever after’, incorporating love and people’s social aspirations, hopes and dreams, offering the promise of a better life. We find, one, that the discourse of romance had a very powerful early gendered influence on the female students’ educational aspirations, and on their ‘enlightenment’ after romance ‘went wrong’ which contributed to their educational disadvantage; and two, that exclusion from education is a motivating factor in returning to learning as an adult and strongly influences parental aspirations for those with children. 相似文献