共查询到20条相似文献，搜索用时 62 毫秒
1.
Janet A. DiPietro Katie T. Kivlighan Kathleen A. Costigan Suzanne E. Rubin Dorothy E. Shiffler Janice L. Henderson Joseph P. Pillion 《Child development》2010,81(1):115-130
Fetal neurobehavioral development was modeled longitudinally using data collected at weekly intervals from 24 to 38 weeks gestation in a sample of 112 healthy pregnancies. Predictive associations between 3 measures of fetal neurobehavioral functioning and their developmental trajectories to neurological maturation in the first weeks after birth were examined. Prenatal measures included fetal heart rate (FHR) variability, fetal movement, and coupling between fetal motor activity and heart rate patterning; neonatal outcomes include a standard neurologic examination ( n = 97) and brainstem auditory evoked potential (BAEP; n = 47). Optimality in newborn motor activity and reflexes was predicted by fetal motor activity, FHR variability, and somatic–cardiac coupling predicted BAEP parameters. Maternal pregnancy-specific psychological stress was associated with accelerated neurologic maturation. 相似文献
2.
教师非言语行为作为课堂教学行为的重要组成部分,在教学过程中发挥着不可忽视的作用。教师非言语行为在课堂上主要表现为手部非言语行为、脸部非言语行为、身体非言语行为、副语言行为、空间语言行为。教师的非言语行为在辅助课堂教学、激发学生的学习兴趣、调控教学进程和增进师生情感方面有显著作用。在课堂教学中,教师要有意识地规范自身的非言语行为,要加强实践练习,提高非言语表达技巧,同时要适量,掌握好"度"。 相似文献
3.
Yiyu Cai Ruby Chiew Zin Tun Nay Chandrasekaran Indhumathi Lihui Huang 《Interactive Learning Environments》2017,25(8):1098-1109
Basic social interaction and executing certain tasks can be difficult for children with autism spectrum disorder (ASD). The symptoms of such behaviour include inappropriate gestures, body language and facial expressions, lack of interest in certain tasks, cognitive disability in coordination of limbs, and a difficulty in comprehending tasks’ requirements. This paper will discuss our efforts to develop virtual learning environments for children with ASD to improve their gestures and their interests in comprehending tasks’ requirements. Virtual environments are ideal for imparting skills necessary for independence before encouraging children with ASD to try these out in the real world and gain real-life experience. A high-end solution and a simplified solution will be presented together with a discussion on their comparison study. 相似文献
4.
Jessica Bradshaw Courtney McCracken Moira Pileggi Natalie Brane Abigail Delehanty Taylor Day Alexis Federico Cheryl Klaiman Celine Saulnier Ami Klin Amy Wetherby 《Child development》2021,92(6):2224-2234
Social-communication differences are a robust and defining feature of autism spectrum disorder (ASD) but identifying early points of divergence in infancy has been a challenge. The current study examines social communication in 9- to 12-month-old infants who develop ASD (N = 30; 23% female; 70% white) compared to typically developing (TD) infants (N = 94, 38% female; 88% white). Results demonstrate that infants later diagnosed with ASD were already exhibiting fewer social-communication skills using eye gaze, facial expression, gestures, and sounds at 9 months (effect size: 0.42–0.89). Moreover, three unique patterns of change across distinct social-communication skills were observed within the ASD group. This study documents that observable social-communication differences for infants with ASD are unfolding by 9 months, pointing to a critical window for targeted intervention. 相似文献
5.
To investigate the symbolic quality of preschoolers' gestural representations in the absence of real objects, 48 children (16 3-, 4-, and 5-year-olds) performed 2 tasks. In the first task, they were asked to pretend to use 8 common objects (e.g., "pretend to brush your teeth with a toothbrush"). There was an age-related progression in the symbolic quality of gestural representations. 3- and 4-year-olds used mostly body part gestures (e.g., using an extended finger as the toothbrush), whereas 5-year-olds used imaginary object gestures (e.g., pretending to hold an imaginary toothbrush). To determine if children's symbolic skill is sufficiently flexible to allow them to use gestures other than those spontaneously produced in the first task, in the second task children were asked to imitate, for each object, a gesture modeled by an experimenter. The modeled gesture was different from the one the child performed on the first task (e.g., if the child used a body part gesture to represent a particular object, the experimenter modeled an imaginary object gesture for that object). Ability to imitate modeled gestures was positively related to age but was also influenced by the symbolic mode of gesture. 3-year-olds could not imitate imaginary object gestures as well as body part gestures, suggesting that young preschoolers have difficulty performing symbolic acts that exceed their symbolic level even when the acts are modeled. Results from both tasks provide strong evidence for a developmental progression from concrete body part to more abstract imaginary object gestural representations during the preschool years. 相似文献
6.
Meagan R. Talbott Gregory S. Young Jeff Munson Annette Estes Laurie A. Vismara Sally J. Rogers 《Child development》2020,91(3):743-753
In typical development, gestures precede and predict language development. This study examines the developmental sequence of expressive communication and relations between specific gestural and language milestones in toddlers with autism spectrum disorder (ASD), who demonstrate marked difficulty with gesture production and language. Communication skills across five stages (gestures, word approximations, first words, gesture-word combinations, and two-word combinations) were assessed monthly by blind raters for toddlers with ASD participating in an randomized control trial of parent-mediated treatment (N = 42, 12–30 months). Findings revealed that toddlers acquired skills following a reliable (vs. idiosyncratic) sequence and the majority of toddlers combined gestures with words before combining words in speech, but in contrast to the pattern observed in typical development, a significant subset acquired pointing after first words. 相似文献
7.
Background
Little is known about how fine motor skills (FMS) relate to early literacy skills, especially over and above cognitive variables. Moreover, a lack of distinction between FMS, grapho‐motor and writing skills may have hampered previous work.Method
In Germany, kindergartners (n = 144, aged 6;1) were recruited before beginning formal reading instruction and were administered a host of FMS, early reading skills and cognitive measures.Results
Analyses indicate that FMS related less strongly than grapho‐motor skills to emergent literacy skills. Controlling for grapho‐motor and cognitive skills, FMS did not generally explain unique variance in emergent literacy skills.Conclusions
The link between reading and motor skills is highly differential. Findings did not suggest that pure FMS played a significant role in early reading development, however, its close cousin grapho‐motor skills – even when devoid of the cognitive knowledge of letters – did.Implications for practice
What is already known about this topic
- Fine motor skills (FMS) are considered an important school readiness indicator
- FMS play a role in cognition and language development
- Some research suggests that FMS might be important for reading
What this paper adds
- First study to look differentially at FMS and emergent literacy
- FMS was considered separately from grapho‐motor and handwriting skill
- Links between these motor skills and a broad range of emergent literacy and cognitive skills were investigated
Implications for practice and/or policy
- FMS may be important in the development of grapho‐motor skills
- Grapho‐motor skills appear, in turn, linked to reading
- Fostering children's grapho‐motor skills may be important in kindergarten
8.
Imac M. Zambrana Eivind Ystrom Synnve Schjølberg Francisco Pons 《Child development》2013,84(2):560-573
This study examined whether poor pointing gestures and imitative actions at 18 months of age uniquely predicted late language production at 36 months, beyond the role of poor language at 18 months of age. Data from the Norwegian Mother and Child Cohort Study were utilized. Maternal reports of the children's nonverbal skills and language were gathered for 42,517 children aged 18 months and for 28,107 of the same children at 36 months. Panel analysis of latent variables revealed that imitative actions, language comprehension, and language production uniquely contributed to predicting late development of language production, while pointing gestures did not. It is suggested that the results can be explained by underlying symbolic representational skills at 18 months. 相似文献
9.
论非语言交流在英语教学中的作用 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
赵昌芝 《青海师范大学学报(哲学社会科学版)》2007,(1):115-117
本文通过分析非言语交际的功能来说明了非语言行为在英语教学中对学生的理解和认知产生极大影响，对教师的个性、对学生的期待值、姿势、语调及面部表情对学生语言习得能产生重要影响，并进一步的说明了非言语交流直接有助于外语教学，加强师生之间的联系并能提高和培养学生的交际能力和语言运用能力。 相似文献
10.
Research Findings: This study examined the contributions of motor skills and executive function (EF) to early achievement. Participants were 7,797 children (3,889 girls) between 36 and 72 months of age from 6 countries in East Asia and the Pacific. Fine and gross motor skills, EF, language and literacy achievement, and mathematics achievement were evaluated using the East Asia-Pacific Early Child Development Scales, a tool that assesses child development in 7 domains. Children’s caregivers provided demographic information. There were 3 salient findings. First, gross and fine motor skills predicted both language and literacy and mathematics achievement. Second, in general, fine motor skills contributed more to the prediction of early achievement than gross motor skills. However, there were no differences between the contributions of fine and gross motor skills to the prediction of early language and literacy in Papua New Guinea or early mathematics in Timor-Leste. Third, EF partially mediated the relation between both early achievement and gross and fine motor skills in the overall sample, Cambodia, and Timor-Leste and fully mediated the association of gross motor skills and early achievement in China, Mongolia, Papua New Guinea, and Vanuatu. Practice or Policy: Implications of the findings for early childhood education are discussed. 相似文献
11.
三维人脸相比二维人脸包含更丰富的信息,而且能够克服姿态,表情,光照因素的影响,更好地表示人脸特征,从而逐渐受到广泛的关注和重视。文中对不同姿态下的三维人脸深度图,先用微分几何相关知识把该图校正到正中面,然后通过提取人脸面部的等高线特征,将三维人脸变成容易处理的二维曲线,针对如何能够更好的描述该二维曲线,提出了一种把矩和傅里叶描述子相结合的新方法,最后利用提取的曲线特征进行人脸识别。实验结果表明,该方法具有很好的实时性和更强大的形状区分能力,鲁棒性高,优于传统傅里叶描述子提取等高线特征的方法。 相似文献
12.
Hermundur Sigmundsson Marianne StØlan Rostoft 《Scandinavian Journal of Educational Research》2013,57(4):451-459
This study set out to explore motor competence in 4-year-old children. This age group has not been previously tested in Norway. Ninety-one 4-year-old children from ten nursery schools were tested using the Movement ABC test. The most striking finding was that only one out of 91 children would be classified as clumsy within the fifth percentile of the USA norms, with seven children being 'borderline'. The study also showed that out of the eight children failing in the motor impaired and borderline groups, seven were boys. Clear sex differences were also apparent in the development of motor skills. On the total scores and in the two of three sections (manual dexterity and balance) boys were significantly worse than girls. There were no significant differences between the sexes with respect to ball skills competence. 相似文献
13.
Asier Romero-Andonegi Irati de Pablo-Delgado Aintzane Etxebarria-Lejarreta Ainara Romero-Andonegi 《Infancia y Aprendizaje》2018,41(2):325-368
There is a major debate in the scholarly literature on whether early vocalizations imitate the mother tongue (L1) and whether prosody is an emerging feature of intentional communication. This longitudinal study explores the combinatory patterns of gestures and vocalizations of four Basque children aged 0:7 to 1:1 in the protoconversational stage. A total of 1,043 communicative acts were labelled (noting the kind of communication, the eye contact and the type of gestures), in which a total of 581 vocalizations were pragmatically and acoustically codified (marking the length and tonal range). The results showed that before they produce their first words, the children show a predominant pattern, tending to combine the deictic gestures with eye contact with the interlocutor. Furthermore, the children are capable of choosing specific prosodic signals — such as length and tonal range — to expression the intentionality of their vocalizations. This suggests that some prosodic features work as procedural antecedents in the process of constructing oral compositions. 相似文献
14.
口语表达中体态语言的特点及意义初探 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
罗文筠 《绵阳师范学院学报》2006,25(3):81-85
人们进行口语表达时并不仅仅只借助声音来表意,在口语表达的同时还会伴随着大量的体态语言,如面部表情、手势、身体姿势等对有声语言进行进一步的诠释和确认。体态语言像有声语言一样也是可以通过系统的训练,更好地、更明确地表达我们所要表达的内容。 相似文献
15.
Elizabeth Morin-Lessard Rochelle F. Hentges Suzanne C. Tough Susan A. Graham 《Child development》2021,92(3):799-810
Using data from the All Our Families study, a longitudinal study of 1992 mother-child dyads in Canada (47.7% female; 81.9% White), we examined the developmental pathways between infant gestures and symbolic actions and communicative skills at age 5. Communicative gestures at age 12 months (e.g., pointing, nodding head “yes”), obtained via parental report, predicted stronger general communicative skills at age 5 years. Moreover, greater use of symbolic actions (e.g., “feeding” a stuffed animal with a bottle) indirectly predicted increased communicative skills at age 5 via increased productive vocabulary at 24 months. These pathways support the hypothesis that children’s communicative skills during the transition to kindergarten emerge from a chain of developmental abilities starting with gestures and symbolic actions during infancy. 相似文献
16.
Symbolic gesturing in normal infants 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
2 studies are presented that document the spontaneous development by normal infants of nonverbal gestures to symbolically represent objects, needs, states, and qualities. These symbolic gestures are shown to be a typical rather than rare phenomenon of early development and to function in ways similar to early verbal symbols. Indeed, the case is made that these gestures and early words are both representative of common underlying mechanisms, in particular, the recognition that things have names. In the first study, mothers of 38 17-month-old infants were interviewed in regard to their infants' verbal and nonverbal development. The second study, designed to document with greater precision the findings of the interview study, is a longitudinal study of 16 infants who were followed from 11 to 24 months. Both studies provide evidence that symbolic gestures tend to develop in tandem with the child's early words, that girls tend to rely more heavily than boys on such gestures, that structured parent-child interactions are important to the development of these gestures, that the gestures tend to depict the function rather than the form of objects, and that the use of gestural labels is positively related to verbal vocabulary development. Implications of these findings for theories of language development and for speech pathology are discussed. 相似文献
17.
本实验比较了12位自闭症谱系儿童和12位年龄及非语言智商匹配的聋童、12位年龄及语言智商匹配的智力障碍儿童手势模仿能力.研究发现:(1)自闭症谱系儿童手部模仿能力明显落后于聋童,略高于智力障碍儿童;(2)身体部位定向的困难可能是自闭症谱系儿童无意义手势模仿的主要障碍;(3)运用自我一他人投射理论可以有效地解释自闭症谱系儿童的模仿缺陷和特异性的错误类型. 相似文献
18.
Vigdis Vedul-Kjelsås Ann-Katrin Stensdotter Hermundur Sigmundsson 《Scandinavian Journal of Educational Research》2013,57(5):561-570
By using the Movement Assessment Battery (MABC), the present study investigated possible gender differences in several tasks of motor competence in children. The sample included 67 Norwegian sixth-grade children (Girls N?=?29; Boys?=?39). Boys' performance exceeds that of girls in ball skills and in one of the balance skills. No differences were revealed between girls and boys in manual dexterity and in total score of MABC. The results may support the theory of task-specificity. Furthermore, they may challenge the school as an arena of physical activity for developing as appropriate motor skills as possible contributing to further engagement in physical activity. 相似文献
19.
作为英语教师不仅要运用好口头语言与书面语言 ,还要科学、合理、艺术地运用体态语。英语课堂教学中通常使用的体态语主要有表情语、手势语和姿势语 相似文献
20.
Lana B. Karasik Karen E. Adolph Sara N. Fernandes Scott R. Robinson Catherine S. Tamis-LeMonda 《Child development》2023,94(4):1049-1067
In Tajikistan, infants are bound supine in a “gahvora” cradle that severely restricts movement. Does cradling affect motor development and body growth? In three studies (2013–2018), we investigated associations between time in the gahvora (within days and across age) and motor skills and flattened head dimensions in 8–24-month-old Tajik infants (N = 269, 133 girls, 136 boys)) and 4.3–5.1-year-old children (N = 91, 53 girls, 38 boys). Infants had later motor onset ages relative to World Health Organization standards and pronounced brachycephaly; cradling predicted walk onset age and the proficiency of sitting, crawling, and walking. By 4–5 years, children's motor skills were comparable with US norms. Cultural differences in early experiences offer a unique lens onto developmental processes and equifinality in development. 相似文献