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比赛阵形是指在比赛中队员的位置排列,是本队攻守力量搭配和职责分工的形式。本文依据现代足球攻防的基本规律和特点,按照时间顺序,将足球比赛阵形的演变分为三个阶段:第一阶段,1863年-1930年;第二阶段,1930年-1970年;第三阶段,1970年至现在。每个阶段主要叙述了阵形中队员位置和人数的演变和本阶段的特点。希望通过本文使读者对足球比赛阵形的演变史有个大致的了解,并能够从中获得对现代足球训练与竞赛有益的启示。 相似文献
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现代足球边后卫打法趋势 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
通过对2000年欧洲足球锦标赛前8强和中国2001年甲A、甲B全国足球联赛前8强球队的比赛观察和统计，发现攻守兼备的532阵形已经逐步替代风行多年的442阵式。532阵形的最大变化是最大程度地激活了两个边后卫，使他们在攻守中运用更灵活的方式参与进攻和防守。 相似文献
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吴佑年 《体育成人教育学刊》2004,20(6):89-90
在查阅有关文献资料的基础上,对足球中场人数增加、打法改进、阵形结构变化的发展演变过程进行了分析,指出中场人数变化是促使足球比赛阵形演变发展的重要因素. 相似文献
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四年一度的世界杯足球赛是世界上足球水平最高的一次盛大检阅,也是衡量各国足球强队水平的一个大考场。每届世界杯赛都显示足球赛的一些新发展:包括战术阵形、技术和体能。1954年第五届世界杯匈牙利队创造了中锋后撤,二内锋突前的进攻战术,动摇了传统的WM 式。1958年第6届巴西队的4、2、4战术阵形风靡了全球。到丁1974年第10届世界杯,荷兰、西德队创造了总体型的全攻全守,打破了60年代沉闷的防守战术,突破了战术阵形的框框,被誉为足球史上的一个新的里程碑——第 相似文献
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现代足球比赛技巧运用特征的研究 总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3
本文对当代足球比赛的总体特征和阵形与队形、攻守技战术等运用特征进行了探讨与归纳，以求足球训练过程中制订的训练计划、训练手段、训练要求等更有助于提高训练效益和比赛水平。 相似文献
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足球是一种较高强度的运动,在比赛过程中需要队员进行间歇性的反复冲刺和激烈的拼抢,要想赢得比赛的胜利,需要在球员体能、技能水平以及战术应用等各个环节上做到精益求精。本文介绍了体能的概念以及足球运动员体能的重要性,从战术形成,战术阵形,战术质量、战术配合以及战术结果等五个方面分析了体能对足球战术应用的影响。 相似文献
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通过对第18届世界杯足球赛、第13届欧洲足球锦标赛,以及近3个赛季欧洲五大联赛和中国足球超级联赛的观察和统计,结果表明:4-4-2阵形仍是目前国际足坛采用最多的比赛阵形,该阵型前卫线的变化组合较为丰富,战术打法多样,具有一定的优越性. 相似文献
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This study examined the effect of carbohydrate ingestion on metabolic and performance-related responses during and after a simulated 1h cycling time trial. Eight trained male cyclists (VO 2 peak = 66.5ml kg -1 min -1 ) rode their own bicycles mounted on a windload simulator to imitate real riding conditions. At a self-selected maximal pace, the cyclists performed two 1h rides (separated by 7 days) and were fed either an 8% carbohydrate or placebo solution. The beverages were administered 25 min before (4.5ml kg -1 ) and at the end (4.5ml kg -1 ) of the ride. With carbohydrate feeding, plasma glucose tended (P = 0.21) to rise before the time trial. Compared with rest, the plasma glucose concentration decreased significantly (P < 0.05) at the end of both rides, with no statistically significant difference being observed between treatments. Thereafter, plasma glucose increased significantly (P < 0.05) at 15 and 30 min into recovery, and was significantly higher at 30 min during the carbohydrate trial compared with the placebo trial. No significant changes in plasma free fatty acids were observed during the ride. However, a significant increase (P < 0.05) in free fatty acids was found at 15 and 30 min into recovery, with no difference between trials. Mean power output was significantly (P < 0.05) greater during the carbohydrate compared with the placebo trial (mean - S.E.: 277-3 and 269-3W, respectively). The greater distance covered in the carbohydrate compared with the placebo trial (41.5-1.06 and 41.0–1.06km, respectively; P < 0.05) was equivalent to a 44s improvement. We conclude that pre-exercise carbohydrate ingestion significantly increases endurance performance in trained cyclists during a 1h simulated time trial. Although the mechanism for this enhancement in performance with carbohydrate ingestion cannot be surmised from the present results, it could be related to a higher rate of carbohydrate oxidation, or to favourable effects of carbohydrate ingestion on the central component of fatigue. 相似文献
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Roy J. Shephard 《Journal of sports sciences》2013,31(7):603-620
The biology and medicine of rowing are briefly reviewed. Effort in a 2000 -m race is about 70% aerobic. Because the boat (and in some instances a cox) must be propelled, successful competitors are very tall, with a large lean mass and aerobic power. Large hearts may lead to erroneous diagnoses of a cardiomyopathy. Large respiratory minute volumes must be developed by chest muscles that are also involved in rowing. The vital capacity is typically large, and breathing becomes entrained. Expiration cannot be slowed relative to inspiration (as normally occurs at high rates of ventilation) and the limiting flow velocity may be reached, with the potential for airway collapse. Performance is strongly related to the power output at the ‘anaerobic threshold’, and lactate measures provide a guide to an appropriate intensity of endurance training. Peak blood lactate levels are higher in males (commonly 11–19 mmol·l -1 and occasionally as high as 25 mmol·l -1) than in females (9–11 mmol·l -1), probably because males have a greater muscle mass in relation to blood volume. The skeletal muscles are predominantly slow twitch in type, developing an unusual force and power at low contraction velocities. Many rowers have a suboptimal diet, eating excessive amounts of fat. Lightweight rowers also have problems of weight cycling. Aerobic power and muscle endurance often change by 10% over the season, but such fluctuations can be largely avoided by a well-designed winter training programme. Injuries include back and knee problems, tenosynovitis of the wrist and, since the introduction of large blades, fractures of the costae. 相似文献
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许良 《体育科技文献通报》2011,19(2):1-4
基于1985、1995和2005年全国学生体质调研数据,对各时期我国城乡学生形态、机能、体能发展水平进行系统地定量研究,动态分析20年全国城乡学生体质发展的特点与规律。主要研究结果：（1）近20年城乡学生生长发育持续提前,城市学生各项形态指标生长水平高于乡村,身高城乡差距缩小,体重、胸围城乡差距加大;（2）城市学生肺活量水平高于乡村,城乡学生肺活量20年持续下降,前10年乡村学生下降快、后10年城市学生下降快;（3）乡村学生800m、1000m跑水平高于城市,城市女生50m跑、仰卧起坐水平高于乡村,其他素质城乡学生水平波动较大;（4）城市女生50m跑20年持续下降,城乡学生800m和1000m跑、城市学生50m×8往返跑20年加速下降,其他素质20年间有增有降发展极不平稳。 相似文献
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采用测量、问卷调查、数理统计等方法,分析定向运动学习前后对大学生身心健康的影响.结果经T检验和x2检验且表明：定向运动不仅能增强学生体质健康水平,而且有助于学生的情绪调节,增强自信心与创新意识,培养勇敢顽强的意志品质,建立良好的人际关系,能有效地促进学生身心健康发展.为了全面提高大学生整体素质,积极实践,构建定向运动课内外一体化教学模式,进行定向运动课程模块化教学,以满足学生的多元化需求. 相似文献
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Alan M. Nevill Roger L. Holder Andrew Bardsley Helen Calvert Stephen Jones 《Journal of sports sciences》2013,31(4):437-443
A regression analysis of competitors' tournament results in relation to their world rankings was proposed to identify the effect of home advantage in international ‘grand-slam’ tennis and ‘major’ golf tournaments. The results provided little evidence of home advantage in either the grand-slam tennis or the golf tournaments held in 1993. The only possible evidence of home advantage was found in the Wimbledon tennis and the US Open golf championships. Even these findings can be explained, at least partially, by (1) the availability of information concerning the low world rankings of the British tennis players competing at Wimbledon, and (2) selective entry, allowing only the world's top-ranked foreign golfers into the US open golf tournament. In both cases, the lower ranking home competitors have a greater opportunity to perform above their anticipated world rankings. Therefore, provided entry into tennis and golf tournaments is truly ‘open’ to both the host nation's representatives and foreign competitors alike, home advantage does not appear to be a major factor influencing the competitors' performance in such competitions. These findings may be explained by the relatively objective nature of the scoring systems used in tennis and golf, unlike the subjective influence of refereeing decisions on the results of team-games such as soccer. 相似文献
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曲爱宁 《体育科技文献通报》2007,15(8):97-98
柔韧素质是健美操专业学生的专项素质之一,通过对普通高校健美操专业学生分组对照进行柔韧性训练的实验研究,认为对训练肌群辅以按摩器振颤刺激,可大大提高柔韧性训练效果。 相似文献
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我国城市体育自然环境建设与发展的研究 总被引：5，自引：0，他引：5
采用实地调查研究、理性思维研究和文献资料调研等方法对主要问题进行了专门研究，提出了进行城市体育场所区域生态功能区划、设计体育生态功能区布局的方案、做好体育场所绿色环境系统规划、制定体育场所生态与绿地管理措施等基本观点，提出了若干城市体育自然环境建设与发展的对策。 相似文献
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重新认识体育的社会关联 总被引：3，自引：1，他引：2
体育与政治之间存在一个悖论，体育的发展与经济实力之间没有直线相关，体育与教育部分重叠，体育与宗教最为近缘，体育可借用科学手段，体育的艺术禀性日益明显，体育与养生反映着两种人生观。 相似文献