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1.
技术创新能力培养：特定的培养顺序还是有效的R＆D 总被引：16，自引：0，他引：16
高旭东 《科学学与科学技术管理》2005,26(6):64-68
现有的研究认为,发展中国家的企业培养自主技术创新能力,首先应引进国外技术,消化、吸收、然后创新。研究表明,这样一条路在我国已经很难走通,特定的R&D活动才是影响企业自主技术创新能力培养最直接、最根本的因素。讨论了这一发现对我国企业培养自主技术创新能力的战略和政策意义。 相似文献
2.
This paper investigates the causal effect of foreign acquisitions on the research and development (R&D) activities of domestic target firms over the period 1994–2004. Using accounting data on French innovative manufacturing firms, we implement appropriate difference-in-difference estimation techniques associated with a matching propensity score procedure. We find that the acquisitions of French firms by foreign companies boost R&D spending. There is a simultaneous rise in the external and in-house R&D expenditures of French acquired firms. R&D is more contracted out to local research providers, in particular to local public laboratories and universities. The increase in internal R&D spending benefits to development, but also basic and applied research. Finally, the growth of the R&D budget is not only financed by internal resources but also receives financing from external partners, especially parent companies. Thus, our results call into question the idea that foreign takeovers hamper the R&D development of target firms and are detrimental to the national innovation system of the host country. First, acquisitions appear to bring efficiency gains enough to counterbalance the various costs of integration and market power effects, pushing firms to invest more in R&D. Acquisitions do not seem to incite managers to take shorter term and more financial driven decisions at the expense of R&D. Second, when motivated by technology sourcing and overseas R&D development, acquisitions might be used to access the specific know-how of target firms and to tap into the knowledge of the national innovation system. Then, purchaser firms could be more likely to develop the innovative capability of target firms and to strengthen their linkages with local partners than to reduce them and relocate R&D abroad. 相似文献
3.
In an increasingly globalizing and knowledge-based world economy, the declining importance of R&D activity in India is a matter of concern. This paper analyzes the determinants of R&D behaviour of Indian enterprises over the 1990s in the context of the reforms of 1991 and their impact on the R&D behaviour of MNE affiliates and local enterprises. The analysis suggests that although average levels of spending have fallen, increased competition due to liberalization seems to have pushed local firms to rationalize their R&D activity and make it more efficient. Also, R&D spending seems to rise more than proportionally with firm size after a certain threshold level has been reached. The analysis brings out differences in the nature of R&D activity of MNE affiliates and local firms. Local firms direct their R&D activity primarily towards the assimilation of imported technology, and to providing a backup to their outward expansion via exports and FDI. MNE affiliates, on the other hand, focus on exploiting the advantages of India as an R&D platform for their parents. The paper is concluded with some policy implications of the findings. 相似文献
4.
《Research Policy》2022,51(2):104442
Prior research has focused on how firms use a variety of organizational mechanisms to protect their R&D investments from misappropriation risks in foreign countries. Little is known, however, about how firms can rely on non-market factors to induce preferential treatment by host government authorities, thereby protecting their intellectual property overseas. In this paper, we investigate two such non-market factors, one at the country level, the other at the firm level, that are likely to influence the choice of where firms locate their innovation activities: host country inclination towards the firm's home country and the firm's political capabilities, respectively. We thus examine how IPR policies and non-market factors interact in protecting firm innovation from misappropriation and in making countries more attractive for innovation-related activities. We find support for our predictions in a sample of 1,341 foreign R&D investments made by 163 firms from 14 home countries over the period 2003–2016. 相似文献
5.
Linsu Kim 《Research Policy》1980,9(3):254-277
This article presents a model of development stages that shows when and why local firms in a developing country acquire foreign technologies, how they assimilate and improve imported technologies to strengthen their competitiveness, and what and when external influences affect the process of technological change in these firms. Industrial technology in Korea's electronics industry has developed through three salient stages. Initially established through the implementation of imported foreign technology, local firms in the industry then accumulated experience in product design and production operation which provided a basis for limited indigenous efforts for the assimilation of imported technology. Finally, increased market competition in local and international markets and increasing capability of local personnel, together with assimilation of foreign technology, led to gradual improvements of foreign technology. This pattern is also evident in the history of manufacturing industries not only in Korea but also in other countries. The article also presents several propositions for future research. 相似文献
6.
Yonghee Cho Tugrul U. Daim Marina Dabic 《The Journal of High Technology Management Research》2017,28(2):208-220
Technological innovation plays a critical role in economic growth. The most advanced and new technologies are created by leading firms in developed countries. Global expansion, strategic outsourcing or off-shoring in leading companies has been growing to enrich their competitive advantage, while technology transfer of leading firms has been of more interest to emerging or developing countries for catching up and following the trajectory of economic growth proved in developed countries. Among various channels to acquire new technologies from leading firms, foreign direct investments (FDI) is one of the most effective channels through which technology can be transferred to subsidiaries in emerging markets. However, empirical study on the roles of technology transfer and the feedback loop from FDI remains still scarce. Thus, the purpose of this study is to analyze the effects of FDI on businesses in partial or complete foreign ownership, with a special emphasis on technology transfer, and to assess the impact of foreign companies on domestic firm performance through technology transfer from foreign companies. This paper aims at investigating the investment climate for foreign investments and intensifying technology transfers and innovations in the Croatian economy. 145 firms responded to the survey we conducted for foreign investment enterprises in Croatia. Structural equation model is employed to examine the hypotheses with respect to effects of FDI on innovation activities of domestic Croatian firms. This study identified critical factors affecting technology innovation to Croatian firms. The results provide empirical evidence that the innovation activities in subsidiaries have a positive influence toward technology transfer from multinational corporations. 相似文献
7.
外向的对外直接投资（OFDI）在发展中国家从高速增长到迅速下滑，中国加快“一带一路”战略的实施以应对外部严峻的经济形势。目前已有研究涉及知识产权制度距离与外向对外直接投资关系的很少，本文研究了知识产权制度距离在发展中国家对OFDI的影响，并进一步分析中国对“一带一路”国家投资的特殊规律。研究发现：发展中国家只有向知识产权制度距离相近且为负的发展中国家投资时，知识产权制度距离才会起到吸引作用；而向知识产权制度距离为正的其他发展中国家、落后国家及发达国家投资时，知识产权制度距离都会对发展中国家外向对外直接投资起到阻碍作用。中国向“一带一路”国家投资在不同地区各影响因素表现出不同的影响规律。在此基础上，本研究从发展中国家以及中国对“一带一路”地区投资两个角度提出了政策建议。 相似文献
8.
逆向创新,为后发企业开展全球创新并开拓发达国家市场提供了新的战略思想。采用质化研究方法,对创新链理论和基于领先企业的逆向创新理论进行了理论思辨,厘清了后发企业逆向创新的构成要素,提出了后发企业逆向创新链概念,归纳了创新链类型及其对应的后发企业逆向创新实施路径。主要研究结论为：第一,后发企业逆向创新链的构成要素应包括创意获取、研发和市场进入次序,与西方领先企业相比,上述逆向创新三要素的具体内容与选择机制均存在明显区别;第二,基于创新要素组合,后发企业的逆向创新链可以划分为本土市场推动型、海外市场拉动型以及推拉复合型三种类型;第三,以逆向创新链类型为基础,可以归纳出六条后发企业逆向创新实施路径,企业可根据自身资源能力的匹配程度选择适当的实施路径。 相似文献
9.
研究企业“走出去”寻求更高技术对生产率提升具有重要意义。基于对外直接投资（OFDI）技术寻求动机视角采用中国OFDI企业数据对此实证研究。结果表明：（1）OFDI技术寻求动机越强跨国企业生产率越高,即向技术创新水平越高的国家投资越能够提高企业生产率。（2）OFDI技术寻求动机对企业生产率的影响不仅具有企业异质性而且在东道国与地区异质性上也存在差异。由此,本文认为向技术创新水平越高的国家投资寻求更高技术可成为提升企业生产率的重要途径;同时,企业实施“走出去”寻求技术应考虑异质性影响,做到分类实施。 相似文献
10.
The utilization of contract research results in a developing country was analyzed according to the stages of technological innovation and transfer. Three innovation stages such as project contract (proposal success), project solution (technical success), and project implementation (commercial success) are employed in this study, focusing on the identification of significant factors affecting the success in each stage. The factors influencing the successes in the project contract and implementation stages are mostly similar while the factors important in the technical success are somewhat different. The data analyses indicate that only a few factors seemed to significantly affect the successful project contract while more than a score of variables were considered to be important for the successful implementation of the contract research results. This implies that even though the success of the early stage of innovation can be relatively easily accomplished, the success of the final stage cannot be so easily accomplished. According to the findings of the study, there are at least two unique environmental factors for the successful innovation and transfer of indigenous technology in a developing country, Korea: (1) the vulnerability of domestic technology to the foreign technology from advanced countries, and (2) the strong influences of government intervention, whether they are advantageous to the success of innovation. Some methodological as well as theoretical issues for the improved understanding of innovation and technology transfer are discussed. 相似文献
11.
Meng-chun Liu 《Research Policy》2012,41(6):1107-1120
China has become a hot spot of R&D internationalization and a growing number of Taiwan-based firms have indeed set up R&D units in China. Taking into account China's substantial regional variations in economic development, innovation capacity, and knowledge productivity, such notions as regional innovation system (RIS) and local innovative milieu may become more relevant to the study on relationships between China and its inward R&D internationalization. Therefore, the key issue for this paper is what locational advantages of an RIS within a host country affect the network linkages and networking strategy of multinational corporations’ (MNCs’) offshore R&D units. The paper aims to enrich the current understanding of R&D internationalization in several ways. First, the paper attempts to examine the R&D networking underlying R&D internationalization by Taiwan-based firms in China, with particular reference to the sub-national level inside China. Second, the paper tries to establish a link between the literature of R&D internationalization and that of RIS, with a modified version of Dunning's eclectic paradigm. Efforts are made to map the relationship between foreign subsidiaries’ local R&D networks and their host RISs inside China. Third, the paper takes advantage of a government databank to adopt a quantitative approach, the Seemingly Unrelated Bivariate Probit Regression model, with foreign subsidiaries as the unit of analysis, to highlight the role played by some aspects of the RIS in determining the local R&D networking of Taiwanese subsidiaries in China. Our evident shows that MNCs’ offshore R&D units that purse home-based technology exploitation strategy, the mainstream strategy regarding the developing host country, tend to be located in a host region with a strong knowledge application and exploitation subsystem, while an RIS with a strong knowledge generation and diffusion subsystem, within such a developing country as China, may induce MNCs’ local R&D units to pursue home-base technology augmenting strategy. On balance, not only the location choice but also the local R&D linkages of MNCs’ offshore subsidiaries are related to appropriate fits between the RIS and the subsidiaries’ innovation network inside the host country. 相似文献
12.
本文利用我国2003-2013年省际面板数据，构建动态面板门限回归模型，实证分析知识产权保护在OFDI影响区域创新能力中的作用机理。研究结果显示，对外直接投资对我国各省份创新能力的作用受到知识产权保护程度的影响；当知识产权保护水平小于门限值时，OFDI对区域创新能力的促进作用并不显著，且OFDI对区域创新能力的贡献率较低，通过OFDI促进国内创新能力的政策基本无效；当知识产权保护水平高于门限值时，对外直接投资对区域创新能力存在显著的促进效应，且相应的贡献率较高，在推进OFDI时会提升其创新能力。 相似文献
13.
本文利用我国2003-2013年省际面板数据,构建动态面板门限回归模型,实证分析知识产权保护在OFDI影响区域创新能力中的作用机理。研究结果显示,对外直接投资对我国各省份创新能力的作用受到知识产权保护程度的影响;当知识产权保护水平小于门限值时,OFDI对区域创新能力的促进作用并不显著,且OFDI对区域创新能力的贡献率较低,通过OFDI促进国内创新能力的政策基本无效;当知识产权保护水平高于门限值时,对外直接投资对区域创新能力存在显著的促进效应,且相应的贡献率较高,在推进OFDI时会提升其创新能力。 相似文献
14.
The purpose of this paper is to make a contribution to a further understanding of the implications of the growing presence of foreign affiliates for deepening technological capabilities (TCs) in Brazilian industry. It proposes a TC classification that emphasises the distinction between the use and generation of knowledge and presents a methodology for composing TC proxies by means of an innovation survey database. The findings suggest that both foreign and domestics firms have accumulated substantial capabilities for using existing technology, but only shallow capabilities for locally generating technologies. However, foreign affiliates score higher than their local counterparts in more complex capabilities, confirming their centrality in the Brazilian learning system. This gives ground for urging the elaboration of strategic foreign direct investment (FDI) policies that strengthen and deepen local TCs. 相似文献
15.
Technology acquisition channels and industry performance: An industry-level analysis of Chinese large- and medium-size manufacturing enterprises 总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3
Guo Bin 《Research Policy》2008,37(2):194-209
Through an industry-level analysis of Chinese large- and medium-size manufacturing enterprises over the period of 1996-2001, this article investigates the direct and interactive contributions of four technology acquisition channels to industry performances in terms of innovation performance and productivity. These channels include in-house R&D, foreign technology transfer, domestic technology transfer, and inter-industry R&D spillover. We have found evidence of an important role of inter-industry R&D spillover in shaping and improving industry performance in China, which has been neglected by previous empirical studies concerned with Chinese industrial firms. The empirical results indicate that inter-industry R&D spillover and foreign technology transfer make significant contributions to both labour productivity and the level of total factor productivity in Chinese manufacturing industries. We have also found that in-house R&D and inter-industry R&D spillover share a complementary relationship in shaping innovation performance and total factor productivity in Chinese industry, and that in-house R&D relates to foreign technology transfer as a complement for labour productivity. Finally, on the mixed results among existing literature in the context of developing countries, this article argues that the commonly followed strategy in technology development, combined with government regulations, will play an essential role in determining the relationship between in-house R&D and foreign technology transfer. 相似文献
16.
技术创新是出口企业提高国际竞争力的重要战略,而技术创新的关键在于对其特性和形成原因的科学把握。本文在对企业技术创新的理论分析的基础上,运用多元统计和面板数据模型,以非出口企业、FDI企业为对照组,实证研究了中国上市出口企业技术创新异质性与影响因素。研究发现中国出口企业技术创新具有明显的异质性;研发资本投入、研发人力投入、企业冗余资源、技术装备程度、国有股权比例、股权集中度和企业规模对出口企业技术创新产出的作用具有类型异质性和大小差异性。研究结果可为中国出口企业技术创新决策提供参考。 相似文献
17.
针对后发追赶经济体企业的国际化研发究竟能否推动母国企业技术创新的问题,基于国际R&D溢出理论,运用2008-2018年间45个国家的相关统计数据,从东道国知识产权保护角度,分析讨论了我国企业国际化研发投资逆向技术溢出效应的存在性问题；同时检验了东道国知识产权保护程度对我国企业国际化研发逆向技术溢出效应的影响,并应用门槛模型对这种影响的门槛效应进行了检验。结果表明,我国企业国际化研发投资有利于提高母国的技术水平,存在着显著的逆向技术溢出效应,但同时东道国知识产权保护水平对于这种溢出效应产生了非线性的影响,且这种影响有着明显的单门槛形态。这为我国企业在国际化研发决策中优化资源配置,规避东道国政策限制提供了一定的参考与启示。 相似文献
18.
本文利用马氏距离匹配法对2005-2007年522家有对外直接投资的制造业企业匹配可供比较的对照组，设定研发投入和研发产出两个指标，刻画对外直接投资影响母国企业技术创新的知识吸收机制和知识再创造机制，从多维度研究对外直接投资的母国企业技术创新效应。研究发现：中国企业对外直接投资有效促进了母国企业研发投入，但没有促进母国研发产出的增加；异质性投资动机和异质性东道国对研发投入和研发产出的影响存在差异：技术寻求型投资显著促进了母国企业研发投入和研发产出，而资源寻求型投资对母国研发投入和研发产出则有一定抑制作用；投向发达国家的投资显著促进了母国的研发投入，而投向发展中国家的投资则促进了母国的研发产出。 相似文献
19.
过去的几十年,中国通过支持偏离自身比较优势产业的发展使本国出口技术复杂度得到了快速提升,但这种发展同时伴随着政府的市场干预和较低的资源利用效率。我们以政府干预为切入点,利用STIRPAT模型并结合GMM-System估计方法研究发现：在排除市场扭曲干扰时,出口技术“适应性”偏离比较优势的赶超有助于提高资源利用效率,从而降低碳排放强度;考虑市场扭曲时,出口技术赶超的减排效应发生重要改变,具体地,市场扭曲使得出口技术较低程度的赶超不利于经济发展水平落后和资源要素富集地区的减排,只有当这种赶超在较大距离上偏离比较优势时则会扭转消极影响,但目前并未实现;市场扭曲抑制了经济发展水平较高和资源匮乏地区的资源、劳动密集型行业出口技术赶超对资源利用效率的积极效应。 相似文献
20.
跟踪研究发达国家实施制造业振兴战略对中国对外直接投资制造企业创新产生的政策效果及影响机制.从逆向技术溢出的视角,将发达国家制造业振兴战略的政策冲击视为一次准自然实验,基于2003-2017年"走出去"的中国上市制造公司样本,主要采用双重差分法、有调节的中介模型进行分析.研究发现:发达国家制造业振兴战略总体上对中国制造企... 相似文献