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1.
陈奕喆 《自然科学博物馆研究》2022,(4):63-72
为激发青少年科学家潜质,储备科技创新人才,提升青少年科学职业理想愈发重要。科学职业理想会影响个体从事科学领域的职业选择,而场馆教育情境对其培育具有重要促进作用。本研究梳理了英国伦敦科学博物馆和纽卡斯尔生命中心的场馆生涯教育实践,以资借鉴。英国科普场馆教育以提升青少年科学职业理想为目标,在个体维度关注职业关联性感知,在社会维度聚焦机会公平,并衍生出了以生涯理念指导馆本课程、在教育空间开展体验活动、加强馆校结合、发挥科学家群体榜样作用和关注女性等弱势群体等生涯教育策略。结合英国两个场馆的实践经验,我国科普场馆可通过创新活动设计,融入科学家精神,汇集多元主体,实现面向科学职业理想的场馆科学教育变革。 相似文献
2.
In 2010, the Civilians—a New York based investigative theater company—received a three‐year grant from the National Science Foundation to develop The Great Immensity, a play addressing the complexity of climate change. The rigorous research that the Civilians puts into each production, the balance of scientific content and public engagement, the inclusion of scientists within the artistic development process, and the effort to engage a varied audience via a multi‐platform media approach, make the project a relevant case study for curators working with public science communication. 相似文献
3.
The universalism norm of the ethos of science requires that contributions to science are not excluded because of the contributors’ gender, nationality, social status, or other irrelevant criteria. Here, a generalized latent variable modeling approach is presented that grant program managers at a funding organization can use in order to obtain indications of potential sources of bias in their peer review process (such as the applicants’ gender). To implement the method, the data required are the number of approved and number of rejected applicants for grants among different groups (for example, women and men or natural and social scientists). Using the generalized latent variable modeling approach indications of potential sources of bias can be examined not only for grant peer review but also for journal peer review. 相似文献
4.
V. A. Markusova A. N. Libkind T. A. Krylova I. A. Libkind D. Yu. Bogachev 《Scientific and Technical Information Processing》2011,38(3):224-236
The results from analyzing the scientific output of scientists from the Novosibirsk oblast’ are given based on works published
in 2005–2009. The analysis was carried out using the data and potential of the Web of Science (WoS) and, in particular, information
about domestic and foreign science foundations that supported particular studies, Journal Citation Reports, HistCite software,
and certain additional data that included official statistics from Rosstat and involved indicators derived from the journal impact factor and the aggregate impact factor of the WoS knowledge category. The publications by the scientists from the oblast’ were distributed according to 133 WoS knowledge categories. Research
in certain trends in 48 WoS knowledge categories carried out in the oblast’ is in no way inferior to and very often is even
better than the global science standards. More than 50% of the publications were sponsored by domestic and foreign science
foundations: the scientific quality of these works was considerably higher than that of the unsponsored studies. The coauthors
of the articles published by scientists of the oblast’ in the period were their colleagues from 83 countries. R & D costs
in the Novosibirsk oblast’ are used quite efficiently: in 2009 the publications by the scientists of the oblast’ accounted
for more than 9% of the entire amount of works published all over Russia, while internal research and development expenses
were only 2.5% of such expenses nationwide. 相似文献
5.
Anna Cigarini Isabelle Bonhoure Julián Vicens Josep Perelló 《Library & information science research》2021,43(2):101090
Can public libraries become hubs for citizen science? In line with the principles of citizen science, this question was answered collaboratively with librarians from the Barcelona Network of Public Libraries who performed two hands-on activities. One activity was a training course taken by 30 librarians from 24 different libraries which enabled them to envisage citizen science implementation at each library. The other activity consisted of co-creating a citizen social science project and involved 40 library users, seven librarians from three different cities, and professional scientists. The analysis considers the perspectives of both librarians and users, through participant observation, surveys, and a focus group to identify strengths and challenges. The overall results suggest that public libraries can offer leadership in the promotion of citizen science and contribute to the mission of public libraries to act as local community hubs. The main challenges identified were related to the complexity of collaboration, uncertainty regarding research co-creation, and participant retention strategies. 相似文献
6.
Jocelyn Steinke 《广播与电子媒介杂志》2013,57(1):142-151
Bern's gender schema theory (Bern 1981, 1983, 1993) provides a useful framework for examining the influence of women scientist role models on girls’ perceptions of science and scientists. The purpose of this paper is (1) to describe how Bern's gender schema theory serves as a framework for guiding future research, (2) to examine the fundamental premises of Bern's gender schema theory as they relate to the processing of information about science and gender roles, and (3) to identify key conditions and criteria from gender schema theory to guide the design of television programs that use role models to reduce gender‐stereotyping of science. 相似文献
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This paper reports on a study of social scientists’ information seeking and use of scholarly journals to support scholarly communication and information needs. The goals of the study are: to explore the characteristics of information needs for social scientists; to discuss the importance of scholarly journals to social scientists and their information seeking and access means; to identify article reading patterns of social scientists; and to make comparisons between scholarly journals use and reading patterns of social scientists and other scientists in Taiwan and the USA. The author used a questionnaire survey and interview methods to investigate the information seeking, use and reading of scholarly journals, and article deep reading patterns of social scientists. The target population was social science faculty members from National Cheng-chi University in Taiwan. The article explores the characteristics of information needs for social scientists and shows that scholarly journals are important information resources for university social science faculty. Social science faculty in Taiwan use scholarly journals in multiple languages, mainly English, Chinese, German, and Japanese, which is different from scientists in the United States. In addition, they use electronic journals more than print journals. The number of article readings by social science faculty members was approximately 195 readings per year and nearly 440 h were spent reading per year. In contrast to scientists in the United States, the social scientists in Taiwan read fewer readings, spent more time reading, and read older articles. In addition, the study identifies article reading patterns of social scientists and proposes a six-type taxonomy of article deep reading. The study reports the scholarly journal use and reading behavior model of social scientists and shows there are some differences in scholarly journal seeking and use by social science faculty in Taiwan and scientists in the United States. Further studies of scholarly journal and electronic journal use and reading by social scientists across countries, subject disciplines, and languages of journals are needed. 相似文献
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10.
邓卓 《自然科学博物馆研究》2023,(1):43-55
科研人员是从事科普活动的重要力量,然而目前国内鲜有研究聚焦科研人员参与科普活动的实施效果。本研究以上海自然博物馆“与科学家面对面”科普活动的效果评估为案例,通过对参与活动的观众进行无干扰跟踪观察和活动后的访谈,以探究科研人员在科普活动中对观众体验的直接价值与潜在影响。结果表明,科研人员介入科普活动,不仅对观众认知能力及其对科研工作的认同感有积极影响,而且科研人员面对公众的交流能力也有显著提升。但是,科研人员在科普经验上的欠缺也成为制约活动效果的潜在因素。研究结果将为科研人员参与的科普教育活动的策划和实施提供参考。 相似文献
11.
An emerging area of communication study is the process by which women seeking elective office construct their political identity. This essay engages that literature examining the historic 1986 Nebraska gubernatorial race as a case study. Two interrelated findings emerged from the study including: (1) gender perceptions were a factor even in this “genderless” election, and (2) each candidate's political identity was constructed through the interaction of gender characteristics and candidate issue positions. 相似文献
12.
This project provides an interpretation of how one cooperative support organization, the Nebraska Cooperative Council, discursively functions to help its constituent cooperatives consolidate resources in order to better intersect with organizations in a larger bureaucratic system. In analyzing qualitative data collected through in-depth interviews, surveys, and organizational documents, we found the paradox of stability and change a revealing prism through which to make sense of participants' experiences. We work toward locating and describing how the Council, through its boundary-spanning activities, helps cooperatives manage the paradox of stability and change while protecting their core participatory ideologies. By providing networks of learning, promoting the legitimacy of cooperative forms of organizing, and protecting cooperatives' interests, the Council is an entity helping cooperatives to reconcile their internal requirements for democracy with the external demands of the marketplace. 相似文献
13.
《The Reference Librarian》2013,54(82):125-140
Abstract Construction of the Rangelands of the Western U.S. web site provides a dynamic model for information outreach. Central to its success is the collaboration between librarians, other information professionals, and rangeland experts committed to working together for a common goal: a selective, centralized, web-based resource designed to help meet the information needs of rangeland scientists, range professionals, students, faculty, ranchers, environmentalists, librarians, and other stakeholders. Begun over eight years ago by a University of Arizona AgNIC Project team, the effort is extending to include participation of range and information professionals from the other Western states. In addition to linking to existing digital content, the project seeks to create or support the creation of critical electronic information resources through an integrated user interface. 相似文献
14.
ARTHUR P. MOLELLA 《Curator: The Museum Journal》1999,42(2):108-116
The simmering controversy over the Smithsonian's Science in American Life exhibition that led to the ensuing visitor study by the Institutional Studies Office is reexamined in terms of issues of American identity. A brief historical overview reveals that, for most of the twentieth century, the American scientific community received enthusiastic public support for its perceived service to national goals and ideals. In the past decade, however, after experiencing unexpected budget cuts to research, scientists have questioned the depth of that public support in what has become known as the Science Wars. Science in American Life was soon engulfed by that broader, often acrimonious debate about science and society which involved notions of pure and applied science. The role of American identity in the dispute over the exhibit is analyzed in terms of scientists' criticisms of three of the exhibition's case studies. 相似文献
15.
《Journal of Informetrics》2020,14(4):101068
In the previous literature, no clear conclusions have been reached about the effect of gender differences on research performance (RP) in science, as measured by publication productivity, number of citations, and academic awards. Meanwhile, a gap also exists in the research regarding gender differences in international academic collaboration. To complement the existing literature, this study investigated the achievements of scientists engaged in international academic collaboration, which places heavy demands on language and communication skills and in which female scientists appear to have more advantages than male scientists. We investigated the effect of international collaboration carried out by chemists from China’s Project 985 universities and the Chinese Academy of Sciences and compared the extent to which the international collaboration improved female and male scientists’ academic performance. The results indicated that, compared to male scientists, female scientists performed better and significantly improved their academic performance through international collaboration. This conclusion was valid for different periods throughout chemists’ academic careers. The policy implications are discussed at the end of this study. 相似文献
16.
[目的/意义] 科研论文产出时间序列的传统研究均基于科研人员整体的平均论文产出,此种方法研究所得规律能否代表全部科研人员个人的论文产出规律,既是科研人员成长规律研究的重要内容,也是科技政策评价的重要内容。[方法/过程] 实证分析以国家杰出青年科学基金地球科学项目为研究对象,通过构建分段线性回归模型对杰青基金资助前后杰青科学家个人论文产出规律进行研究,并与杰青科学家整体论文产出规律进行对比。[结果/结论] 研究结果显示,杰青基金资助前后,杰青科学家整体论文产出呈现持续增长的规律,杰青科学家个人论文产出呈现4种规律,其中31.7%的杰青科学家个人论文产出规律与杰青科学家整体论文产出规律不一致,科技政策定量评价时该方法可以将研究精确到每名科学家。 相似文献
17.
《Journal of Interlibrary Loan, Document Delivery & Electronic Reserve》2013,23(2):181-193
Abstract In the mid-1980s, education and social science librarians began to gather information about libraries' management of test collections. This article looks at the circulation loan patterns represented in past research and compares it to results of a survey conducted by the authors. The survey also determined whether libraries are modifying their policies to provide broader access to psycho-educational test kits for distance education students. Circulation loan patterns reported in past studies are compared with current survey results to determine whether libraries modify their policies to improve access to psycho-educational test kits for online and distance education students. The survey looks at ownership and responsibility of test kits, authorizing access and in-house and unrestricted circulation policies. 相似文献
18.
古代伊朗科学家曾对科学,特别是天文学做出过重大贡献。当代的伊朗科学家继承了这一传统,并致力于向公众传播科学。21世纪初,由一批科学家、热心科学传播的社会人士和私营企业组成的非政府组织积极筹建马什哈德天文馆、科学中心等科普场馆。本文通过这一案例,讨论了非政府组织在科普场馆建设和科学传播中的作用、问题和可行性,并介绍了马什哈德天文学会为此采取的相应对策。 相似文献
19.
Allan Jones 《Media History》2013,19(4):436-449
In 1949, physicist Mark Oliphant criticised the BBC's handling of science in a letter to the Director General William Haley. It initiated a chain of events which led to the experimental appointment of a science adviser, Henry Dale, to improve the ‘coordination’ of science broadcasts. The experiment failed, but the episode revealed conflicting views of the BBC's responsibility towards science held by scientists and BBC staff. For the scientists, science had a special status, both as knowledge and as an activity, which in their view obligated the BBC to make special arrangements for it. BBC staff, however, had their own professional procedures which they were unwilling to abandon. The events unfolded within a few years of the end of the Second World War, when social attitudes to science had been coloured by the recent conflict, and when the BBC itself was under scrutiny from the William Beveridge's Committee. The BBC was also embarking on new initiatives, notably the revival of adult education. These contextual factors bear on the story, which is about the relationship between a public service broadcaster and the external constituencies it relies on, but must appear to remain independent from. The article therefore extends earlier studies showing how external bodies have attempted to manipulate the inner workings of the BBC to their own advantage (e.g. those by Doctor and Karpf) by looking at the little-researched area of science broadcasting. The article is largely based on unpublished archive documents. 相似文献
20.
《Journal of Informetrics》2022,16(3):101311
With the rapid globalization of science, mobility is perceived as an important driver of scientific progress and innovation success. However, we have little knowledge about whether and how scientists’ mobility influences their career development, especially scientists’ productivity and collaboration. In this case study, using the data on 62,330 scientists, the Chinese computer scientists who published at least one computer science paper and published no fewer than 10 papers in total from 2000 to 2012, we apply difference in differences models in conjunction with PSM methods to show the effect of domestic mobility (i.e., moving inside China) on scientists’ research quantity and quality by distinguishing the direction of mobility. In contrast to the existing literature that documents a short-term negative effect due to adaption costs or disruption of routines and social capital, we do not observe an initial detrimental impact of following moves on productivity and collaboration, even for non-upward moves. We further find that mobility leads to increased collaboration with new partners without dampening scientists’ collaboration with previous collaborators. However, scientists have a higher probability of collaborating with new collaborators, as evidenced by the decreased share of previous collaborators to the total co-authors after they move. The findings of this case study imply that the benefits of mobility might outweigh its costs and that mobility improves scientists’ productivity and collaboration for prolific scientists in emerging countries. 相似文献