共查询到20条相似文献，搜索用时 15 毫秒
1.
Rosalind Levacic 《牛津教育评论》2013,39(4):435-457
Abstract Local management of schools was implemented in England and Wales from 1990/91. A crucial aspect of this implementation was the introduction of a new method of funding schools by formula. The impact of formula funding was investigated by means of statistical analysis of hypothesised determinants of the resulting budget changes experienced by all schools in one large local education authority over the financial years 1989/90 to 1991/92. While the largest determinant of budget changes was the change in pupil numbers, schools with high unit costs due to having excess capacity or being relatively small tended to lose budget. Above average staff costs contributed to budget losses in the primary sector but not in the secondary. Thus the formula promoted cost efficiency by reducing the number of schools which had large positive discrepancies between their unit costs and the average for their sector. Schools with higher proportions of socially disadvantaged pupils did not lose budget while schools with poor examination results did. The formula is shown to be a sensitive instrument by which LEAs can transmit policies such as those with respect to special needs and support for small schools. 相似文献
2.
3.
John Sheehan 《Higher Education in Europe》1997,22(2):123-136
This article gives a broad outline of policy issues in the financing of higher education given the major quantitative expansion of higher education in recent years, its diversification, financial constraints, internationalization, democratization, globalization, regionalization, polarization, marginalization, and fragmentation. Policy options bearing these trends in mind should be judged in terms of efficiency and equity, bearing in mind such basic sources of funding as taxpayers, students, parents, and higher education institutions. Regardless of the source of funding, the single most important policy issue facing those concerned with overall policy responsibility for the operation of higher education systems is the proper formulation of the rules and mechanisms used to allocate resources from governments to institutions. The various financial mechanisms are classed according to four principal dimensions: institutional/student finance, full/partial finance, budget/formula finance, and input/output finance. Choosing the right funding formula is a complex process that is always beset with the need for trade‐offs for various reasons. 相似文献
4.
A. M. Stamatelos 《European Journal of Engineering Education》2010,35(3):259-270
During the last decade, significant funding has become available to Greek public universities to support the convergence to the common European space of higher education. In a number of departments, this funding was wisely invested in the development of a quality culture, covering not only the educational process, but also the services offered by the department's administration and technical support staff. This paper presents the design and implementation of a quality-oriented studies’ reform plan in the Mechanical Engineering Department, University of Thessaly in the period 2002–2008. Based on the successful experience from its application, a significant part of the personnel and students have become acquainted with basic quality assurance procedures and performance evaluation. Experience and lessons learnt from this effort are reported and discussed in this paper. 相似文献
5.
Perceptions of organisational culture made by three categories of staff playing managerial roles in each of two Portuguese
Universities (one public and the other private) were compared using a questionnaire adapted from the Organisational Culture
Assessment Instrument and translated into Portuguese. The four scales of the questionnaire, designed to measure the Cultures
of Clan, Adhocracy, Hierarchy and Market orientation were found to have adequate internal reliabilities, though a factor analysis
raised doubts about the construct (factor) validity of two of the scales (Clan and Adhocracy). Application of a MANOVA to
scores on the four scales of organisational culture showed, as hypothesised, that the private university was perceived to
have significantly stronger cultures of Market orientation and Hierarchy than the public university. No overall difference
was found between the universities for the cultures of Clan and Adhocracy. However, general managerial staff in both Universities
perceived the cultures of Clan and Adhocracy to be stronger than was the case for technical managerial staff. 相似文献
6.
1999年之后,中国高等教育经历了跨越式的发展。高校规模的数量性扩张,给高等教育财政带来了怎样的冲击?同时,这种变化将给高等教育机构的运作行为,尤其是高等教育质量的维持与提高造成怎样的影响?本文将聚焦于高等教育资金的筹措机制,对扩招后我国高等教育的财政拨款模式、资源配置、学费定价、不同类型高校的资金筹措行为及其背后隐含的问题进行剖析与思考。 相似文献
7.
Orlanda Tavares Cristina Sin Pedro Videira Alberto Amaral 《Assessment & Evaluation in Higher Education》2017,42(8):1293-1305
Internal quality assurance systems are expected to improve the institutions’ core mission of teaching and learning. Using data gathered through an online survey, distributed in 2014/2015, to the teaching staff of all Portuguese private and public higher education institutions, this paper examines the impact of internal quality assurance systems on teaching and learning from the perspective of academics. Findings suggest that Portuguese academics feel that, despite the positive contribution of internal quality assurance towards an increased awareness of teaching quality issues at their institutions, the practical effects of these systems have been more related to increasing bureaucracy than to substantive improvements in teaching and learning. The use of information with a view to improvement and teaching staff involvement in the development of quality assurance were found to induce positive changes in teaching and learning, in academics’ perceptions. Based on the findings, the paper makes recommendations for institutional practice. 相似文献
8.
省域高等教育财政差异实证分析 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
本文运用基尼系数计算出我国31个省份的生均经费差异呈现扩大趋势,而来自于公共财政的预算内生均事业费差异更为显著。在落实财政教育投入4%目标的大背景下,建议增加各级政府特别是中央政府和省级政府高等教育财政供给的总量,颁布国家高等教育公共财政投入基本标准,提高生均经费拨款基数,设立专项资金化解金融机构的贷款风险等,尽快扭转省域高等教育财政不平衡、不协调、不可持续的态势。 相似文献
9.
公立高校政府投入模式是连接政府宏观调控政策与高等教育经费的桥梁.公式投入模式和绩效投入模式是现在美国政府使用最多的模式.理论研究与实践均证明,公式投入模式意在弥补公立高校培养成本,体现公平,而绩效投入模式强调了提高公立高校的效率. 相似文献
10.
Tertiary Education and Management - Portuguese public higher education institutions have been undergoing a major reform process since 2007. The most noticeable changes were introduced by Law... 相似文献
11.
Alexander L. Darling Martin D. England Daniel W. Lang Rosanne Lopers-Sweetman 《Higher Education》1989,18(5):559-583
Formulas are used in many jurisdictions to allocate public funds among universities which may then have considerable autonomy in the internal allocation of those funds. This paper provides first an overview of formula funding as it affects university education. This is followed by an exposition on the balance between autonomy and accountability in the Province of Ontario. Formula funding in Ontario is used as a case study to evaluate how effective formula-funding has been in encouraging autonomous universities to work towards the attainment of public policy objectives. The analysis shows that four mechanisms have in fact been used - namely formula funding, designated extraformula grants, incentive funding, and controls - and that some objectives are better supported by different mechanisms. The paper concludes with a discussion of the evolution and an evaluation of formula funding in Ontario against the objectives given for its introduction. 相似文献
12.
《Higher Education Policy》2000,13(2):181-201
Following a model that conceptualizes the functioning of the university, a set of principles to define a public funding methodology for the research universities is proposed, within the context of the Portuguese higher education system. This set of principles is presented on the basis of the analysis of the contemporary mission of the university, giving particular relevance to the research activities that are developed at universities. The positioning of research universities in the science and technology system is valorized, and the set of principles aims at contributing to develop a science policy that gives to the university the relevant role that is required in the emerging knowledge-driven economies. 相似文献
13.
Gerald Wangenge‐Ouma 《牛津教育评论》2013,39(4):481-497
The link between the funding of higher education and the attainment of higher education transformation goals in South Africa, especially access by students from previously under‐represented communities, is the main focus of this paper. Specifically, the paper examines three questions: (a) How does public funding of higher education encourage (or discourage) the attainment of higher education transformation goals in South Africa? (b) What challenges do frequent tuition fee increases pose to the attainment of higher education transformation goals? (c) How can South Africa’s higher education be made affordable for indigent (mostly black) students? The paper concludes that although South Africa’s higher education funding formula is generally geared towards attaining the goals of transformation, several of its aspects are inimical to the achievement of these goals. Further, declining public funding of higher education and frequent tuition fee increases by public universities vis‐à‐vis higher education’s natural inclination to reproduce, and even to exacerbate, existing social disparities and inequalities do not bode well for the attainment of transformation in South Africa’s higher education. This is aggravated by existing high levels of poverty and inequality mostly affecting the majority of the communities that were marginalised during apartheid. 相似文献
14.
Vickie C. Natale 《Community College Journal of Research & Practice》2018,42(10):660-677
The study examined how institutional and student characteristics may influence the earning of student success points by state-supported community colleges under the Texas performance funding system that was fully implemented in the 2016–2017 biennium. Texas has historically funded community colleges based on an enrollment formula; however, the funding system was revised in 2013 by setting aside 10% of the enrollment-based formula funding appropriations to be earned back through a performance funding system based on student success points earned. The quantitative study used a correlation design with three hierarchical multiple regression analyses to examine the relationships between the student outcomes measures for public community colleges and institutional and student characteristics. The data examined were collected by the Texas Higher Education Coordinating Board and made available to the public through an interactive website tool. Findings showed that although several student and institutional characteristics were significant predictors of the total success points earned, when the analysis focused on the change in success points between two sets of three-year averages, none of the student or institutional characteristics were significant predictors. These findings support the design of the Texas performance funding system and suggest that community colleges serving higher proportions of at-risk students, including students who are a minority, low socioeconomic status, part-time, and are age 25 and older, will not be disadvantaged using the system’s methodology of comparing an institution to its own historic performance. The contributions of this study are intended to assist state policymakers who are designing performance funding systems. 相似文献
15.
Madeleine F. Green 《Higher Education》1995,29(3):225-239
This article analyzes the major changes in British Higher Education during the past five years: increasing student numbers, mandated government assessment, linking funding to the assessment exercises, the modularized curriculum and the competency movement, and draws comparisons to the United States. The author then studies the impact of these policy changes on a single campus, the University of Leicester, with attention to the consequences of growth, the impact on decision-making, and challenges for staff development. 相似文献
16.
The main topic of this article is to consider the role of the State in providing higher education in Portugal, paying attention
to the fact that the privatisation of higher education has been in place since the eighties (Amaral 1999) and also that it
is difficult for students and their families to find the monetary resources needed for attendance at university (Cabrito 1999).
The discussion focuses on the funding of higher education in a quasi-market situation (Le Grand et al. 1993), as Portugal
hasn't escaped the universal trend towards privatisation of education (Whitty et al. 1998). In the last decade, the relationship
between State, universities and students has been changing rapidly (Acherman et al. 1989; Barr et al. 1993; Williams 1990;
Henkel et al. 1999), and some arguments are presented that equity in access to higher education must be guaranteed (Mora 1997;
UNESCO 1998; Williams 1992). In this connection, the need is argued for free attendance on higher education and State subsidies
to students to cover the costs of education. Firstly, the economic and social condition of university students is presented.
Using data from two periods, one academic year from the 60s and one from the 90s, the increase in the degree of equity that
the university system had known in recent decades can be verified. According to the analysis, the Portuguese population in
general is better represented in the university student body nowadays, than in the 60s. Therefore, it is possible to discuss
the maintenance of a low degree of equity in the Portuguese university system. For this, the economic and social condition
of university students is compared with – that of the Portuguese population in the 90s. Secondly, the expectations of the
students of higher education are presented, in order to understand the value attached by them to a university degree, which
explains the social demand for education. Finally, the costs of higher education, both private and public, are evaluated.
From this evaluation, it is possible to conclude that the principal source of funding of higher education costs is the student
and his/her family and to discuss the need for a more interventionist State in higher education financing.
This revised version was published online in August 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date. 相似文献
17.
法人化改革后日本国立大学财政管理体系的重构——从"行政隶属型"向"契约型"的转化 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
上个世纪,日本国立大学的发展主要依赖于政府公共财政的大力支持.然而,2004年国立大学法人化改革不仅改变了国立大学与政府之间的关系,同时也重新构筑了国立大学财政管理体系.本文将聚焦法人化改革后日本国立大学财政管理体系,对其中高等教育经费的投入、政府支出的配置方式以及学费缴纳标准的设定展开分析,并在此基础上思考这种契约型财政管理体系的特征及其背后隐含的危机与问题. 相似文献
18.
国际比较及启示:绩效拨款在高等教育中的实践 总被引：15，自引：0，他引：15
近20年来,世界发达国家高等教育财政体制改革的一个重要方面是把绩效因素纳入拨款公式。与投入拨款相对,产出或绩效拨款是指根据一些产出指标分配资源的拨款方式。丹麦、荷兰和美国的部分州,是三种不同类型的绩效拨款方式的代表。借鉴绩效拨款机制在各国高等教育中的实践,对目前我国高等教育拨款方式的改革是有意义的。 相似文献
19.
Orlanda Tavares 《Journal of Education & Work》2017,30(1):106-121
In a context where mass higher education has eroded the job security once guaranteed by higher qualifications, students are more likely to view higher education as an ‘investment’ which should yield return in terms of their employability. The aim of this study is to understand whether Portuguese students consider employability as the main reason to choose to enrol in higher education, to choose a specific programme and to choose a specific higher education institution. Data were collected through semi-structured interviews with 60 first-year students, from universities and polytechnics, both public and private, and from three first-cycle study programmes (Arts, Pharmacy and Computer Engineering). The analysis is based on a qualitative study exploring Portuguese students’ perceptions underlying their higher education choices. Findings suggest that the majority of the students interviewed considered employability as the major reason to enrol in higher education, although its importance was largely undervalued in the choice of study programme and of institution. 相似文献
20.
俄罗斯高等教育经费资源的配置问题分析 总被引：7，自引：0，他引：7
俄罗斯目前正在建立健全相关的银行、金融、基金、资助、保障和诚信体系,以保证高等教育经费的筹措、借贷、使用、还债等进入良性和有序的状态。高等教育经费资源的优化配置部分地缓解了俄罗斯高等教育经费不足的压力,当然问题也还是存在的。在中国高等教育探索经费来源多样化之际,俄罗斯高等教育经费来源多样化的经验教训对我国有借鉴意义。 相似文献