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1.
随着互联网、5G等新一代信息技术的迅猛发展,企业需要跨越组织边界,通过研发搜索行为捕捉创新机会、激发创新灵感、培养新技能从而提升企业的创新能力,但研发搜索行为是问题使然还是预知先知是企业研发中的一个重要的战略问题。本文基于组织行为理论,系统研究了绩效反馈、审时度势以及在联盟惯例的调节下,他们对企业研发搜索行为选择的影响。研究发现：当绩效反馈低于期望值时,企业会加强研发搜索;当绩效反馈高于期望值时,企业会减少研发搜索;当决策者预期未来绩效高于未来期望值时,企业会减少研发搜索。当绩效反馈低于期望值和预期未来绩效优于未来期望绩效时,联盟惯例在其中发挥负向的调节作用,但是当绩效反馈高于期望值时,联盟惯例强化了企业的搜索行为。研究结论对指导企业进行研发搜索行为的策略选择,有效利用外部资源,推动企业创新,提升企业核心竞争力具有重要的理论和实践意义。 相似文献
2.
In this research, we evaluate the effect of gender targeted advertising on the performance of sponsored search advertising. We analyze nearly 7,000,000 records spanning 33 consecutive months of a keyword advertising campaign from a major US retailer. In order to determine the effect of demographic targeting, we classify the campaign’s key phrases by a probability of being targeted for a specific gender, and we then compare the key performance indicators among these groupings using the critical sponsored search metrics of impressions, clicks, cost-per-click, sales revenue, orders, and items, and return on advertising. Findings from our research show that the gender-orientation of the key phrase is a significant determinant in predicting behaviors and performance, with statistically different consumer behaviors for all attributes as the probability of a male or female keyword phrase changes. However, gender neutral phrases perform the best overall, generating 20 times the return of advertising than any gender targeted category. Insight from this research could result in sponsored advertising efforts being more effectively targeted to searchers and potential consumers. 相似文献
3.
An information retrieval system is modeled from the point of view of a user linearly scanning the output list for relevant records of citations. Expected search length, a measure of retrieval system performance, is shown to be affected by the stopping rule employed by the user to determine when to terminate the search. Three stopping rules are considered: the satiation rule, the disgust rule, and the combination rule. The effects of these various stopping rules on expected search length are examined and discussed in detail. 相似文献
4.
Allan J.C. Silva Marcos André Gonçalves Alberto H.F. Laender Marco A.B. Modesto Marco Cristo Nivio Ziviani 《Information processing & management》2009
This article proposes a process to retrieve the URL of a document for which metadata records exist in a digital library catalog but a pointer to the full text of the document is not available. The process uses results from queries submitted to Web search engines for finding the URL of the corresponding full text or any related material. We present a comprehensive study of this process in different situations by investigating different query strategies applied to three general purpose search engines (Google, Yahoo!, MSN) and two specialized ones (Scholar and CiteSeer), considering five user scenarios. Specifically, we have conducted experiments with metadata records taken from the Brazilian Digital Library of Computing (BDBComp) and The DBLP Computer Science Bibliography (DBLP). We found that Scholar was the most effective search engine for this task in all considered scenarios and that simple strategies for combining and re-ranking results from Scholar and Google significantly improve the retrieval quality. Moreover, we study the influence of the number of query results on the effectiveness of finding missing information as well as the coverage of the proposed scenarios. 相似文献
5.
《Information processing & management》2023,60(3):103300
Pre-adoption expectations often serve as an implicit reference point in users’ evaluation of information systems and are closely associated with their goals of interactions, behaviors, and overall satisfaction. Despite the empirically confirmed impacts, users’ search expectations and their connections to tasks, users, search experiences, and behaviors have been scarcely studied in the context of online information search. To address the gap, we collected 116 sessions from 60 participants in a controlled-lab Web search study and gathered direct feedback on their in-situ expected information gains (e.g., number of useful pages) and expected search efforts (e.g., clicks and dwell time) under each query during search sessions. Our study aims to examine (1) how users’ pre-search experience, task characteristics, and in-session experience affect their current expectations and (2) how user expectations are correlated with search behaviors and satisfaction. Our results with both quantitative and qualitative evidence demonstrate that: (1) user expectation is significantly affected by task characteristics, previous and in-situ search experience; (2) user expectation is closely associated with users’ browsing behaviors and search satisfaction. The knowledge learned about user expectation advances our understanding of users’ search behavioral patterns and their evaluations of interaction experience and will also facilitate the design, implementation, and evaluation of expectation-aware user models, metrics, and information retrieval (IR) systems. 相似文献
6.
《Information processing & management》1987,23(3):225-238
Ergonomics Abstracts Retrieval System (EARS) is an online bibliographic information search and retrieval system using the hierarchical subject classification of the Ergonomics Abstracts. EARS is designed using an inverted file organization and is implemented on CDC-Cyber. The data base of abstracts is organized using a fixed-length record format, where each logical record corresponds to a variable number of fixed-length physical records. Accordingly, an index for the identification of physical records from the logical records is used. The data base is inverted on a three-level hierarchical classification scheme and postings files are used for data base inversion. The data base is accessed after selectively traversing a 4-layer structure of indexes and postings files. EARS provides facilities to perform combinations of searches, limited searches, and certain editing functions. The system is currently used extensively by the Western New York Human Factors research community. The logical and physical designs of EARS, its interactive operational features, and its current expansions are described in this paper. 相似文献
7.
天津师范大学数字化校园建设项目从环境（网络设备管理、校园空间信息、弱电管网等）、资源（图书、档案、视音频资源等）到管理（教学、人事、办公、科研）实现了办公自动化。网络安全应用防护系统作为数字化校园重要的组成部分,集系统监控、服务器安全管理和防护策略配置于一体,既为网管员提供服务器实时流量统计及性能检测,又为云服务客户提供网络安全防护和信息查询,在校园网安全防护工作中起着重要作用。 相似文献
8.
In this paper, we consider the problem of selecting a subset of k systems that is contained in the set of the best s simulated systems when the number of alternative systems is huge. We propose a sequential method that uses the ordinal optimization to select a subset G randomly from the search space that contains the best simulated systems with high probability. To guarantee that this subset contains the best systems it needs to be relatively large. Then methods of ranking and selections will be applied to select a subset of k best systems of the subset G with high probability. The remaining systems of G will be replaced by newly selected alternatives from the search space. This procedure is repeated until the probability of correct selection (a subset of the best k simulated systems is selected) becomes very high. The optimal computing budget allocation is also used to allocate the available computing budget in a way that maximizes the probability of correct selection. Numerical experiments for comparing these algorithms are presented. 相似文献
9.
Libraries are continuing to face more costly means of acquiring information while consumer needs and behavioral patterns become more complex. In order to cope, we can expect some drastic changes in library procedures. In all likelihood the library will have to move from its traditional role of a supplier of “free goods” to one where users will be expected to pay directly for some services. With this prospect, it has become necessary to understand client attitudes that even the most intelligent users cannot readily articulate.Various measurement methods are available to assess user judgments. Attempts have been made to use a modified form of the standard gamble with little success. However, a feasible method for data collection is a group of techniques called conjoint measurement. One procedure, trade-off analysis, is discussed and examples given for its use in determining a users relative utility for completeness of information vs cost of a search. The conjoint measurement techniques hold great potential as a measurement procedure for quantifying consumers' value judgments. 相似文献
10.
Fatemeh Lashkari Ebrahim Bagheri Ali A. Ghorbani 《Information processing & management》2019,56(3):733-755
Traditional information retrieval techniques that primarily rely on keyword-based linking of the query and document spaces face challenges such as the vocabulary mismatch problem where relevant documents to a given query might not be retrieved simply due to the use of different terminology for describing the same concepts. As such, semantic search techniques aim to address such limitations of keyword-based retrieval models by incorporating semantic information from standard knowledge bases such as Freebase and DBpedia. The literature has already shown that while the sole consideration of semantic information might not lead to improved retrieval performance over keyword-based search, their consideration enables the retrieval of a set of relevant documents that cannot be retrieved by keyword-based methods. As such, building indices that store and provide access to semantic information during the retrieval process is important. While the process for building and querying keyword-based indices is quite well understood, the incorporation of semantic information within search indices is still an open challenge. Existing work have proposed to build one unified index encompassing both textual and semantic information or to build separate yet integrated indices for each information type but they face limitations such as increased query process time. In this paper, we propose to use neural embeddings-based representations of term, semantic entity, semantic type and documents within the same embedding space to facilitate the development of a unified search index that would consist of these four information types. We perform experiments on standard and widely used document collections including Clueweb09-B and Robust04 to evaluate our proposed indexing strategy from both effectiveness and efficiency perspectives. Based on our experiments, we find that when neural embeddings are used to build inverted indices; hence relaxing the requirement to explicitly observe the posting list key in the indexed document: (a) retrieval efficiency will increase compared to a standard inverted index, hence reduces the index size and query processing time, and (b) while retrieval efficiency, which is the main objective of an efficient indexing mechanism improves using our proposed method, retrieval effectiveness also retains competitive performance compared to the baseline in terms of retrieving a reasonable number of relevant documents from the indexed corpus. 相似文献
11.
A transaction log analysis of the Nanyang Technological University (NTU) OPAC was conducted to identify query and search failure patterns with the goal of identifying areas of improvement for the system. One semester’s worth of OPAC transaction logs were obtained and from these, 641,991 queries were extracted and used for this work. Issues investigated included query length, frequency and type of search options and Boolean operators used as well as their relationships with search failure. Among other findings, results indicate that a majority of the queries were simple, with short query lengths and a low usage of Boolean operators. Failure analysis revealed that on average, users had an almost equal chance of obtaining no records or at least one record to a submitted query. We propose enhancements and suggest future areas of work to improve the users’ search experience with the NTU OPAC. 相似文献
12.
This paper compares the Canadian and Chinese national strategies for digital records by the aspects of the term national, the status of digital records and their management, and the key features of the newly developed strategies of the two countries. By doing so, it aims at revealing best practices and/or lessons learned that are instructive to a wider information community for application and adaptation, irrespective of the existence of certain political and administrative differences. The comparison revealed one similarity that both countries recognize the lack of qualified professionals for discharging the duties of managing digital records, yet a number of distinctions in areas such as records focus, relationships between the development of the strategies and academic input, dedication of records management, and the role of national archives. It concludes that there are areas about which the countries can learn from each other, which applies in particular to Canada. 相似文献
13.
福建卷柏属植物的物种多样性述评 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
卷柏属Selaginella Beauv.是一个在分类上较困难的类群,种类多,形态变化大。全世界有卷柏属植物750种以上,可以分为5个亚属。2002年10月我们对武夷山脉及周边地区的卷柏种类进行了调查,采集的标本存放于新加坡国立大学标本馆(SINU)和厦门大学标本馆(AU)。此外,我们还认真观察了来自福建师范大学标本馆(FNU)和AU的卷柏标本。结果表明,在福建,卷柏有18种1变种。其中,缘毛卷柏S. ciliaris、白毛卷柏S. albociliata和布朗卷柏S. braunii是福建分布的3个新记录。 相似文献
14.
卷柏属Selaginella Beauv.是一个在分类上较困难的类群,种类多,形态变化大。全世界有卷柏属植物750种以上,可以分为5个亚属。2002年10月我们对武夷山脉及周边地区的卷柏种类进行了调查,采集的标本存放于新加坡国立大学标本馆(SINU)和厦门大学标本馆(AU)。此外,我们还认真观察了来自福建师范大学标本馆(FNU)和AU的卷柏标本。结果表明,在福建,卷柏有18种1变种。其中,缘毛卷柏S. ciliaris、白毛卷柏S. albociliata和布朗卷柏S. braunii是福建分布的3个新记录。 相似文献
15.
在协同研发的背景下,多技术知识主体参与、多技术知识资源融合成为共性技术研发和溢出的主流范式,揭示跨领域搜索、产业联盟和共性技术溢出之间的关系,是现实驱动的结果。本文针对当前研究对“共性技术溢出如何产生”这一问题关注不足的现状,从企业“搜索行为”出发,基于专利分析法和内容分析法,构建了373家企业专利数据样本和190家企业产业联盟数据样本,通过实证研究发现：跨领域搜索对共性技术溢出的影响存在双刃剑效应,而产业联盟特性在二者关系中起到放大作用。主要研究结论是：（1）跨领域搜索与共性技术溢出深度存在倒U型关系;（2）跨领域搜索与共性技术溢出广度存在倒U型关系;（3）产业联盟的数量在“跨领域搜索-共性技术溢出深度”“跨领域搜索-共性技术溢出广度”的关系中均存在正向调节作用;（4）产业联盟的异质性在“跨领域搜索-共性技术溢出深度”“跨领域搜索-共性技术溢出广度”的关系中均存在正向调节作用。本文在一定程度上向前延伸了共性技术溢出的前因研究,并为企业和政府提供一定的现实借鉴意义。 相似文献
16.
多目标优化问题是一类很普遍的问题。演化算法是一种通过模拟自然界的生物演化过程搜索最优解的方法,用于求解多目标优化问题有其独特的优势。系统介绍了多目标演化算法特点、需要解决的关键问题、算法框架、算法实现及应用趋势。 相似文献
17.
《Information processing & management》2001,37(4):571-591
Stochastic simulation has been very effective in many domains but never applied to the WWW. This study is a premiere in using neural networks in stochastic simulation of the number of rejected Web pages per search query. The evaluation of the quality of search engines should involve not only the resulting set of Web pages but also an estimate of the rejected set of Web pages. The iterative radial basis functions (RBF) neural network developed by Meghabghab and Nasr [Iterative RBF neural networks as meta-models for stochastic simulations, in: Second International Conference on Intelligent Processing and Manufacturing of Materials, IPMM’99, Honolulu, Hawaii, 1999, pp. 729–734] was adapted to the actual evaluation of the number of rejected Web pages on four search engines, i.e., Yahoo, Alta Vista, Google, and Northern Light. Nine input variables were selected for the simulation: (1) precision, (2) overlap, (3) response time, (4) coverage, (5) update frequency, (6) boolean logic, (7) truncation, (8) word and multi-word searching, (9) portion of the Web pages indexed. Typical stochastic simulation meta-modeling uses regression models in response surface methods. RBF becomes a natural target for such an attempt because they use a family of surfaces each of which naturally divides an input space into two regions X+ and X− and the n patterns for testing will be assigned either class X+ or X−. This technique divides the resulting set of responses to a query into accepted and rejected Web pages. To test the hypothesis that the evaluation of any search engine query should involve an estimate of the number of rejected Web pages as part of the evaluation, RBF meta-model was trained on 937 examples from a set of 9000 different simulation runs on the nine different input variables. Results show that two of the variables can be eliminated which include: response time and portion of the Web indexed without affecting evaluation results. Results show that the number of rejected Web pages for a specific set of search queries on these four engines very high. Also a goodness measure of a search engine for a given set of queries can be designed which is a function of the coverage of the search engine and the normalized age of a new document in result set for the query. This study concludes that unless search engine designers address the issue of rejected Web pages, indexing, and crawling, the usage of the Web as a research tool for academic and educational purposes will stay hindered. 相似文献
18.
中国科学院前沿科学与教育局 《中国科学院院刊》2018,33(12):1352-1357
前沿科学重点研究计划始于2016年,是中国科学院前沿科学与教育局为落实全国创新大会精神,试行部署的一项新的科研管理改革举措。该计划以"夯实基础,探索未知,谋求引领"为出发点,稳定支持一批久经证实的"立志报国、勤奋努力、积极向上"的"院士和顶尖科学家""中年拔尖科学家"和"青年拔尖科学家"开展研究的项目,谋求冲击国际一流甚至国际顶尖水平的基础科学问题,为率先实现科学技术跨越发展作出贡献。该计划项目布局整体上符合中国科学院人才现状和未来发展趋势,也是中国科学院在"放管服"方面的创新举措。该计划希望充分发挥科学家的主观能动性和创造性,通过稳定支持营造宽松的科研环境,使科学家们"坐得住冷板凳,敢啃硬骨头""十年磨一剑",面向国际科技前沿,力争在重要科学问题的新理论、新方向上取得突破,产出引领性的重大原创成果突破。同时,也希望通过该计划资助和管理方式的创新,为我国未来在基础科学领域的管理方式和资助方式改革提供有益借鉴。 相似文献
19.
Changjun Lee Dieter Franz Kogler Daeho Lee 《Information processing & management》2019,56(4):1576-1591
In addressing persistent gaps in existing theories, recent advances in data-driven research approaches offer novel perspectives and exciting insights across a spectrum of scientific fields concerned with technological change and the socio-economic impact thereof. The present investigation suggests a novel approach to identify and analyze the evolution of technology sectors, in this case, information and communications technology (ICT), considering international collaboration patterns and knowledge flows and spillovers via information inputs derived from patent documents.The objective is to utilize and explore information regarding inventors’ geo-location, technology sector classifications, and patent citation records to construct various types of networks. This, in turn, will open up avenues to discover the nature of evolutionary pathways in ICT trajectories and will also provide evidence of how the overall ICT knowledge space, as well as directional knowledge flows within the ICT space, have evolved differently. It is expected that this data-driven inquiry will deliver intuitive results for decision makers seeking evidence for future resource allocation and who are interested in identifying well-suited collaborators for the development of potential next-generation technologies. Further, it will equip researchers in technology management, economic geography, or similar fields with a systematic approach to analyze evolutionary pathways of technological advancements and further enable exploitation and development of new theories regarding technological change and its socio-economic consequences. 相似文献
20.
In sponsored search, many advertisers have not achieved their expected performances while the search engine also has a large room to improve their revenue. Specifically, due to the improper keyword bidding, many advertisers cannot survive the competitive ad auctions to get their desired ad impressions; meanwhile, a significant portion of search queries have no ads displayed in their search result pages, even if many of them have commercial values. We propose recommending a group of relevant yet less-competitive keywords to an advertiser. Hence, the advertiser can get the chance to win some (originally empty) ad slots and accumulate a number of impressions. At the same time, the revenue of the search engine can also be boosted since many empty ad shots are filled. Mathematically, we model the problem as a mixed integer programming problem, which maximizes the advertiser revenue and the relevance of the recommended keywords, while minimizing the keyword competitiveness, subject to the bid and budget constraints. By solving the problem, we can offer an optimal group of keywords and their optimal bid prices to an advertiser. Simulation results have shown the proposed method is highly effective in increasing ad impressions, expected clicks, advertiser revenue, and search engine revenue. 相似文献