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INTRODUCTION The increasingly complex and large number ofsoftware products in today’s software industrymakes the tasks of software maintenance, softwarereuse and software restructuring more and moredifficult. With the popularity of the object-orientedprogramming paradigm, the ability to reverse en-gineer and understand object-oriented legacy sys-tems has become an important problem to be ad-dressed. In the object-oriented reverse engineering(OORE) research area, most researchers f… 相似文献
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Predicting the fault-proneness of class hierarchy in object-oriented software using a layered kernel
A novel kernel learning method for object-oriented （00） software fault prediction is proposed in this paper. With this method, each set of classes that has inheritance relation named class hierarchy, is treated as an elemental software model. A layered kernel is introduced to handle the tree data structure corresponding to the class hierarchy models. This method was vali- dated using both an artificial dataset and a case of industrial software from the optical communication field. Preliminary experi- ments showed that our approach is very effective in learning structured data and outperforms the traditional support vector learning methods in accurately and correctly predicting the fault-prone class hierarchy model in real-life OO software. 相似文献
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对面向对象软件回归测试的方法进行研究,该方法先对类及受影响的类进行分析,找出这些类,然后从测试用例集中找出覆盖所有受影响的类,最后进行测试用例排序进行执行。这种方法有效、经济和安全。 相似文献
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Integration of New Exercise Classes into the Informatics Education in the Field of Object-Oriented Modelling 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
Torsten Brinda 《Education and Information Technologies》2004,9(2):117-130
In secondary informatics education in Germany in the field of object-oriented modelling (OOM) a lack of published suitable learning material focussing on modelling instead of programming was found. This especially holds for learner adequate exercises on OOM. In this paper methods for identifying exercise classes by specialist textbook analysis, for structuring exercise classes in a catalogue and for designing learner adequate exercises are proposed with the aim to help teachers create exercises and give learners orientation in combining abstract exercise classes with solution strategies. Based on a first version of an OOM exercise class catalogue, exploratory tests were performed in secondary informatics education (analysis of filled in worksheets with OOM exercises), informatics teacher education (design of exercises) and in-service teacher training. The results led to a refinement of the concept. In summarizing educational experiences exercise classes give learners a promise for probable educational success. 相似文献
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The number of commercial object-oriented database systems and object-oriented interfaces to traditional database systems is increasing. To facilitate the process of object-oriented data modelling (OODM) for experts and end-users, a hypermedia system is designed that is able to teach and guide users in performing OODM. The system supports the full range of modelling activities, from the identification of a class and its properties, to the relationships among classes. It provides other important functions, such as error checking of the model, graphical interface and the provision of hypermedia contextual explanations. Hypermedia are effectively used in the system so that the users can learn OODM effectively, as well as perform OODM correctly and quickly. The system has been empirically evaluated to gauge its effectiveness and ease of use. The evaluation suggests that the system will be useful for a OODM training or teaching course, and it can also be an effective computer-based learning tool for selflearning 相似文献
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Linda Hecker Liza Burns Lynda Katz Jerome Elkind Kenneth Elkind 《Annals of dyslexia》2002,52(1):243-272
This study investigated how assistive reading software affected the reading performance of a group of 20 post-secondary students
who had a primary diagnosis of attention disorder. These students used assistive reading software for most of a semester to
read assignments for an English class and in testing sessions in which comparisons were made between normal, unassisted reading,
and reading assisted by the soft ware. This software provides a synchronized visual and auditory presentation of text, and
incorporates study skills tools for highlighting and note taking. Attention measures, reading speed, comprehension scores,
and attitude questionnaire responses were obtained during these sessions. The principal findings were that the assistive software
allowed the students to attend better to their reading, to reduce their distractibility, to read with less stress and fatigue,
and to read for longer periods of time. It helped them to read faster and, thereby, to complete reading assignments in less
time. It did not have a significant effect on comprehension, but it helped some students whose comprehension was very poor.
The study results indicate that assistive reading software should be considered as a significant intervention to assist students
who have attention disorders and as an accommodation to help them compensate for their disabilities. 相似文献
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One of the subjects that undergraduate students learning Object Oriented (OO) design find hard to apply is the construction of class hierarchies in general, and the use of interface classes in particular. The design process requires decomposition and reconstruction of problems in order to model software classes. The common attributes and behaviors are usually modeled using class inheritance except when the common behaviors do not belong to the same class hierarchy; in such case, an interface class is preferred. In order to be able to properly design, the designer has to demonstrate the abstraction abilities on various levels. In this study, we aimed at examining the students' demonstration of abstraction levels during design of class hierarchy in general, and whether or not they use interface classes in particular. The results of the study reveal that a majority of students were able to build a reasonable class hierarchy; however, many of them did not use interface classes as a tool for expressing common behaviors. Nevertheless, all of them could identify and choose the best solution for a particular problem among four different solutions, which included the use of interface class. 相似文献
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Marjatta Takala 《Scandinavian Journal of Educational Research》2013,57(5):559-576
Reading comprehension of fourth and sixth graders was promoted with reciprocal teaching in three mainstream classes, and three special classes for pupils with specific language impairment (SLI). Four cognitive strategies were used to enhance these pupils' reading comprehension skills. Six coordinated, 5‐week interventions were held during regular class sessions in the spring and autumn terms of 2003. These interventions, which varied in length from 10 to 15 lessons, were given to all students attending fourth‐grade and sixth‐grade science classes in general science and sixth‐grade history lessons. A control group/experiment group design was used. According to pre‐, post‐ and retention tests the intervention proved to be beneficial, especially to the mainstream fourth‐grade class. Some positive development could also be noticed in the SLI groups. The results of children improved mostly in expert‐designed tests on reading comprehension. According to the interviews, children and teachers were pleased to have had the opportunity to participate in the interventions and to learn a new method of improving reading comprehension. 相似文献
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文章明确了口译听辨技巧训练和传统学生听力练习技巧的区别,结合当前听力教学方法的缺陷,论述了公共英语听力课堂引进口译听辨技巧训练方法的必要性和具体手段。通过具体的例证,着重说明了教师应如何引导学生在听力课堂上利用常用口译笔记方．法提高短时记忆能力,以及如何根据语篇的特征提取关键信息的方法来提高学生听力理解水平。 相似文献
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面向对象方法与软件复用相互支持关系的探讨 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
采用面向对象方法能够建立更好的软件开发环境,从而开发出更好的可复用的软件.软件复用是在软件开发中避免重复劳动的解决方案,它可以提高软件的生产效率和质量.本文在总结面向对象方法和软件复用各自概念和主要特征的基础上,着重讨论了面向对象方法和软件复用两者的相互支持关系. 相似文献
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本系统实现了关系数据库转换成可扩展标记语言XML的转换策略,并采用当前流行的JAVA技术,利用面向对象的编程思想,应用Jbuilder2006集成开发工具软件进行设计和编程,具体设计实现了关系数据到XML的转换软件. 相似文献
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姜颖 《天津职业院校联合学报》2005,7(5):15-19
UML(统一建模语言)是面向对象技术的一个重要应用,也是近代软件工程环境中对象分析和设计的重要工具。通过理论及应用研究,阐述了软件体系结构与UML之间的关系。 相似文献
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英语教学中的听力理解是语言运用能力的综合体现,在实际的教学中,教师要做到精听与泛听相结合、传统课堂教学与多媒体点化教学相结合、听力训练与多种技能相结合。教师要充分有效地利用各种条件作到形式多样、内容丰富地发挥学生的主体作用。 相似文献
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文章论述了大学英语听力课教学中注重教授词汇及其文化内涵的必要性,阐述了词汇文化内涵教学的相关内容,提出了词汇文化内涵教学的诸多种途径。在英语听力教学过程中,有效帮助学生突破英语听力学习难关,达到英语听力教学的高效性。这也是英语听力教学过程中的一项繁重而艰巨的任务。 相似文献
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Improving advanced reading comprehension in a foreign language: summaries vs. short-answer questions
Summarizing appears to be an activity well suited to sensitizing advanced foreign language readers to the inner workings of a text and weaning them away from word-to-word decoding. Indeed, recent research has emphasized the importance of summarizing as an aid to reading comprehension (Cohen, 1987; Bernhardt, 1986; Brown et al., 1981). We were interested in using summary writing as a tool in promoting reading comprehension and hypothesized that students who gained practice in extracting the main points of a text would become more effective readers. The main purpose of the study was to determine whether the comprehension of students who were trained to summarize improved more than that of students who responded to short-answer questions. The researchers, who teach EFL (English as a foreign language) at Haifa University, taught 6 classes totalling 179 students. Three classes summarized 10 academic texts of general interest, while the other three classes answered short-answer questions on the same texts. At the same time we collected information on the students’ background in order to identify possible non-linguistic factors that may affect reading comprehension. Since the reading comprehension of all the classes improved significantly, it was not possible to say that either summarizing or the answering of questions was a major cause of this improvement. However, results suggest that writing summaries helped students read more efficiently. Results of MANOVA pointed to the conjoint effects of three factors: task (summary vs. short-answer questions), gender (male vs. female), and native language (Hebrew vs. Arabic). Perhaps the most interesting finding is that classroom discussion in which students negotiated the scoring key of both summaries and responses to short-answer questions (after handing in assignments) proved to be extremely valuable. This negotiation motivated students to become intensely involved with the text and more critical of their own responses. 相似文献
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Building Educational Tools Based on Formal Concept Analysis 总被引：4，自引：0，他引：4
Baltasar Fernandez-Manjon Alfredo Fernandez-Valmayor 《Education and Information Technologies》1998,3(3-4):187-201
The increasing demand for quality in educational software makes it necessary to use tools and methodologies that support both the design and the development process of this kind of software. In this paper we propose Formal Concept Analysis (FCA) as the basis for a practical and well founded methodological approach to the design of educational applications. FCA is a technique that can be applied to model the linguistic conceptualizations that experts make when describing their expertise domain. Thus, FCA can be used as a complementary tool to support design decisions about the structure and the interface of educational applications. We also present how we are using FCA in two different projects: a help system for the Unix operating system, and a multimedia tutorial for improving second language text comprehension. In the final discussion we raise some questions about FCA applicability and introduce some future lines of work. © IFIP, published by Kluwer Academic Publishers 相似文献
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魏正平 《九江职业技术学院学报》2002,(4):57-58,65
Petri网模型是FMS动态仿真的有利工具。本文利用面向对象方法对FMS和有色赋时Petri网进行了描述，并根据最小下次事件时间推进原理，利用VisualC 建立了动态调度仿真系统。结果表明，面向对象方法具有表达直观和自然，可扩充性，实现容易和简便等优点。 相似文献
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This study was designed to increase reading comprehension and academic achievement of students through the use of a modified reciprocal teaching program. Modified reciprocal teaching involved small groups of students working together to read and comprehend a portion of text. The students took turns “teaching” these groups by assisting the rest of the group in selecting key words and phrases, summarizing, questioning, clarifying, and predicting. Students were randomly assigned to one of three seventh-grade regular education social studies classes. One class used modified reciprocal teaching twice a week for 8 weeks. The other two classes received a traditional instructional program. All classes were taught by the same teacher. Significant differences included higher scores on comprehension tests and writing samples, improvement in second-quarter social studies grades, and better conduct records for students who participated in modified reciprocal teaching. Several explanations for the superior performance of the modified reciprocal teaching group are hypothesized. 相似文献