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1.
Colin Conrad Qi Deng Isabelle Caron Oksana Shkurska Paulette Skerrett Binod Sundararajan 《British journal of educational technology : journal of the Council for Educational Technology》2022,53(3):534-557
Practitioner notes
What is already known about this topic- University transitions to online learning during the Covid-19 pandemic were undertaken by faculty and students who had little online learning experience.
- The transition to online learning was often described as having a negative influence on students' learning experience and mental health.
- Varieties of cognitive load are known predictors of effective online learning experiences and satisfaction.
- Information overload and perceptions of technical abilities are demonstrated to predict students' difficulty and satisfaction with online learning.
- Students express negative attitudes towards factors that influence information overload, technical factors, and asynchronous course formats.
- Communication quantity was not found to be a significant factor in predicting either perceived difficulty or negative attitudes.
- We identify ways that educators in higher education can improve their online offerings and implementations during future disruptions.
- We offer insights into student experience concerning online learning environments during an abrupt transition.
- We identify design factors that contribute to effective online delivery, educators in higher education can improve students' learning experiences during difficult periods and abrupt transitions to online learning.
2.
Athanasios Christopoulos Nikolaos Pellas Umar Bin Qushem Mikko-Jussi Laakso 《British journal of educational technology : journal of the Council for Educational Technology》2023,54(4):987-1005
The promise of using immersive technologies in learning has increasingly been attracting researchers' and practitioners' attention. However, relevant empirical works are usually conducted in fully controlled Virtual Reality (VR) laboratories, as opposed to conventional settings. This quasi-experimental study compares the effectiveness of video learning resources to that of stereoscopic 360° VR, as supplements to the traditional instructional approach. The potential of such methods was examined in high school settings, in the context of the ‘Life and Evolution’ module, with participants (n = 70) divided equally into control and experimental groups. As a point of reference (control condition), we considered the adoption of Video Learning Resources, as students are more acquainted with this instructional method. In the intervention approach (experimental condition), students adopted the use of low-end mobile-VR (VeeR Mini VR Goggles). The key findings indicate differences in the learning motivation, confidence and satisfaction, but no statistically significant difference was identified regarding the factual or conceptual knowledge gains. The study offers insights on the potential of the investigated technologies in the subject of secondary school Biology and further provides implications for theory and practice.
Practitioner notes
What is already known about this topic- Researchers' interest over the potential of Virtual Reality on different STEM disciplines is increasing consistently.
- An increasing number of efforts can be identified discussing the integration of multimedia learning resources in the secondary school context.
- Empirical studies on the subject of Biology are focusing on students' academic performance and achievement but not on learning motivation and satisfaction.
- This quasi-experimental study comparatively examines academic performance, with the focus being on learning motivation and satisfaction, across different modalities (stereoscopic 360° Virtual Reality applications-VR, Video Learning Recourses-VLR).
- The findings demonstrate that both instructional methods are sufficient in enhancing students' knowledge acquisition and academic performance.
- The adoption of stereoscopic 360° VR influences students' learning motivation and impacts long-term memory retention.
- Educators are advised to consider the systematic adoption of “immersive” multimedia tools to enhance the subject of Biology as they can greatly encourage scientific inquiry.
- Instructional designers are advised to adopt open educational resources aligned to the curriculum of the local context.
- Educational researchers are advised to integrate stereoscopic 360°-VR solutions in the conventional classroom settings.
3.
Michele Gribbins Curtis J. Bonk 《British journal of educational technology : journal of the Council for Educational Technology》2023,54(6):1693-1714
As universities moved to remotely taught courses during the COVID-19 pandemic, the importance of maintaining academic integrity in online environments intensified. In response, this study explores instructors' perceptions about the role of online proctoring as a tool for their courses with the intent of enhancing the understanding of online proctoring's usefulness in ensuring academic integrity and the factors that may be swaying instructors' adoption decisions. An online survey was completed by 158 instructors at a variety of higher education institutions with 118 responding to an open-ended question that allowed respondents to share any additional thoughts about or experiences with using online proctoring. A thematic review of the qualitative comments illustrates the multifaceted impact of online proctoring on instructors and students. Results identified instructors' perceived benefits and challenges of online proctoring to them, their students and the learning process. In addition, instructors voiced numerous legal, ethical and social concerns about the use of online proctoring, including concerns related to students' privacy. Despite these concerns, some instructors identified strong use cases for online proctoring while others provided alternative strategies for ensuring academic integrity in online courses. As institutions consider the role of online proctoring in ensuring academic integrity, a holistic approach that balances instructional design best practices, student-friendly policies and proctoring tools is recommended to serve the complex needs and concerns of instructors, students and their institutions.
Practitioner notes
What is already known about this topic
- Prior research findings are mixed as to whether proctoring is valuable for ensuring academic integrity in online courses.
- Studies investigating grade performance in proctored versus unproctored exam settings have conflicting results; however, studies have found that students completing proctored formative exams perform better on summative exams than students completing non-proctored formative exams.
What this paper adds
- Qualitative data were collected to provide an overview of instructors' perceptions about and experiences with online proctoring.
- Analysis suggests that online proctoring is beneficial to some instructors, students and the overall learning process. At the same time, its use is also concerning to other instructors and students. Among the issues raised by instructors are concerns for student privacy, increases in student test anxiety and discriminatory proctoring practices.
Implications for practice and/or policy
- Institutions must be proactive in ensuring that the use of online proctoring aligns with their institutional values and the changing legal landscape.
- Institutional policies should strive to find a balance between ensuring academic integrity and promoting a positive experience for students and instructors. Since there are strong use cases for online proctoring, these policies should include flexibility whenever possible.
4.
Jorge Fernández Herrero Francisco Gómez Donoso Rosabel Roig Vila 《British journal of educational technology : journal of the Council for Educational Technology》2023,54(6):1939-1963
To test the suitability of an automatic system for emotional management in the classroom following the control-value theory of achievement emotions (CVT) framework, the performance of an emotional expression recognition software of our creation is evaluated in an online synchronous context. Sixty students from the Faculty of Education at the University of Alicante participated in 16 educational activities recording close-ups of their faces and completing the AEQ emotional self-report, as well as detailed reports from the subsequent review of their videos. In addition, they completed the VCQ-36 test to measure their volitional competencies and relate their influence on their emotional response. The results indicate a high coherence between the emotional expressions detected by the automatic system and the detailed emotional self-reports, but insufficient precision to meet the CVT requirements. On the other hand, both the AEQ test results and the emotion expression recognition software suggest students' preference for participative activities as opposed to passive ones. Meanwhile, statistical analysis results indicate that volitional competencies seem to influence the emotional response of students in the educational context, although the AI system does not show sufficient sensitivity in this field. Implications and limitations of this study for future work are discussed.
Practitioner notes
What is already known about this topic
- Student motivation and involvement in the learning process are highly related to appropriate emotional regulation, which can be associated with particular educational activities, strategies and methodologies.
- Deep learning technology based on convolutional neural networks feeds automatic systems focused on facial expression recognition from image analysis.
What this paper adds
- There is high coherence between the emotional expressions detected by the AI system and the students' emotional self-reports, but the AI system provides just emotional valences, insufficient to meet the CVT framework.
- Both emotional self-reports and the emotion recognition software suggest students' preference for active educational activities as opposed to passive ones.
- Volitional competencies seem to influence the emotional response of students in the educational context.
Implications for practice and/or policy
- It is possible to use automatic systems to effectively monitor the emotional response of students in the learning process.
- Only if sensitivity improved, a real-time, easy-to-interpret emotional expression recognition software interface could be implemented to assist teachers with the emotional management of their classes within the CVT framework, maximizing their motivation and engagement.
5.
Virginia L. Byrne Juana Hollingsworth Priya C. Kumar 《British journal of educational technology : journal of the Council for Educational Technology》2023,54(6):1636-1652
Postsecondary institutions have a legal responsibility to ensure that students have access to a safe learning environment. While institutions adopt policies and hire administrators to protect students from harm, many are underprepared to support students when these harmful incidents happen online. This is of increased concern now that online aggression is pervasive across universities worldwide. While faculty, administrators and students agree that online aggression is a significant issue and that institutions ought to provide prevention and response services, there is concern that these efforts might violate privacy norms. We used the theory of privacy as contextual integrity (CI) to explore the tensions that postsecondary students and staff perceive regarding student privacy when responding to incidents of online aggression. To do so, we conducted focus groups with undergraduate students and student affairs administrators from a Historically Black College and University (HBCU) in the Mid-Atlantic USA. Our analysis surfaced three considerations that inform students' and staff's decision to report an incident of online aggression: their closeness to the person making the post, their perception of the online post content as a real threat and their knowledge of an authority figure who could help resolve the situation. We used CI theory to explain how these considerations can inform institutional policy, practice and future research.
Practitioner notes
What is already known about this topic
- Online aggression is a pervasive issue at postsecondary institutions worldwide that can contribute to psychological, academic and developmental issues.
- Postsecondary students and staff are unsure of how to respond to incidents of online aggression.
- There is a gap in policies and procedures for responding to online aggression at postsecondary institutions.
What this paper adds
- A novel use of Nissenbaum's (2010) theory of contextual integrity to understand students' and staff's perceptions of privacy.
- Students' and staff's decisions to intervene or report an online aggression incident are determined by their relationship to the perpetrator, the severity of the social media post and their knowledge of who to tell on campus.
- Students and staff are reluctant to inform the police out of fear of violence against the perpetrator.
Implications for practice and/or policy
- Raise awareness about responding to online aggression incidents.
- Implement online bystander intervention training programs to increase awareness and self-efficacy to intervene in unclear situations.
- Develop clear policies regarding online aggression, as well as a trustworthy procedure for how to respond.
6.
7.
Mohammed Saqr 《British journal of educational technology : journal of the Council for Educational Technology》2023,54(5):1077-1094
Learning analytics is a fast-growing discipline. Institutions and countries alike are racing to harness the power of using data to support students, teachers and stakeholders. Research in the field has proven that predicting and supporting underachieving students is worthwhile. Nonetheless, challenges remain unresolved, for example, lack of generalizability, portability and failure to advance our understanding of students' behaviour. Recently, interest has grown in modelling individual or within-person behaviour, that is, understanding the person-specific changes. This study applies a novel method that combines within-person with between-person variance to better understand how changes unfolding at the individual level can explain students' final grades. By modelling the within-person variance, we directly model where the process takes place, that is the student. Our study finds that combining within- and between-person variance offers a better explanatory power and a better guidance of the variables that could be targeted for intervention at the personal and group levels. Furthermore, using within-person variance opens the door for person-specific idiographic models that work on individual student data and offer students support based on their own insights.
Practitioner notes
What is already known about this topic- Predicting students' performance has commonly been implemented using cross-sectional data at the group level.
- Predictive models help predict and explain student performance in individual courses but are hard to generalize.
- Heterogeneity has been a major factor in hindering cross-course or context generalization.
- Intra-individual (within-person) variations can be modelled using repeated measures data.
- Hybrid between–within-person models offer more explanatory and predictive power of students' performance.
- Intra-individual variations do not mirror interindividual variations, and thus, generalization is not warranted.
- Regularity is a robust predictor of student performance at both the individual and the group levels.
- The study offers a method for teachers to better understand and predict students' performance.
- The study offers a method of identifying what works on a group or personal level.
- Intervention at the personal level can be more effective when using within-person predictors and at the group level when using between-person predictors.
8.
Qi Xia Thomas K. F. Chiu Ching Sing Chai Kui Xie 《British journal of educational technology : journal of the Council for Educational Technology》2023,54(4):967-986
The anthropomorphic characteristics of artificial intelligence (AI) can provide a positive environment for self-regulated learning (SRL). The factors affecting adolescents' SRL through AI technologies remain unclear. Limited AI and disciplinary knowledge may affect the students' motivations, as explained by self-determination theory (SDT). In this study, we examine the mediating effects of needs satisfaction in SDT on the relationship between students' previous technical (AI) and disciplinary (English) knowledge and SRL, using an AI conversational chatbot. Data were collected from 323 9th Grade students through a questionnaire and a test. The students completed an AI basic unit and then learned English with a conversational chatbot for 5 days. Confidence intervals were calculated to investigate the mediating effects. We found that students' previous knowledge of English but not their AI knowledge directly affected their SRL with the chatbot, and that satisfying the need for autonomy and competence mediated the relationships between both knowledge (AI and English) and SRL, but relatedness did not. The self-directed nature of SRL requires heavy cognitive learning and satisfying the need for autonomy and competence may more effectively engage young children in this type of learning. The findings also revealed that current chatbot technologies may not benefit students with relatively lower levels of English proficiency. We suggest that teachers can use conversational chatbots for knowledge consolidation purposes, but not in SRL explorations.
Practitioner notes
What is already known about this topic- Artificial intelligence (AI) technologies can potentially support students' self-regulated learning (SRL) of disciplinary knowledge through chatbots.
- Needs satisfaction in Self-determination theory (SDT) can explain the directive process required for SRL.
- Technical and disciplinary knowledge would affect SRL with technologies.
- This study examines the mediating effects of needs satisfaction in SDT on the relationship between students' previous AI (technical) and English (disciplinary) knowledge and SRL, using an AI conversational chatbot.
- Students' previous knowledge of English but not their AI knowledge directly affected their SRL with the chatbot.
- Autonomy and competence were mediators, but relatedness was not.
- Teachers should use chatbots for knowledge consolidation rather than exploration.
- Teachers should support students' competence and autonomy, as these were found to be the factors that directly predicted SRL.
- School leaders and teacher educators should include the mediating effects of needs satisfaction in professional development programmes for digital education.
9.
Mariah Hagadone-Bedir Rick Voithofer Jessica T. Kulp 《British journal of educational technology : journal of the Council for Educational Technology》2023,54(6):1619-1635
This conceptual study uses dynamic systems theory (DST) and phenomenology as lenses to examine data privacy implications surrounding wearable devices that incorporate stakeholder, contextual and technical factors. Wearable devices can impact people's behaviour and sense of self, and DST and phenomenology provide complementary approaches for emphasizing the subjective experiences of individuals that occur with the use of wearable data. Privacy is approached through phenomenology as an individual's lived bodily experience and DST emphasizes the self-regulation and feedback loops of individuals and their uses of wearable data. The data collection, analysis and communication of wearable data to support learning systems alongside privacy implications for each are examined. The IoT, cloud computing, metadata and algorithms are discussed as they relate to wearable data, pointing out privacy risks and strategies to minimize harm.
Practitioner notes
What is already known about this topic
- Data privacy is a complex topic and is approached through different perspectives, influencing the degree of an individual's data autonomy.
- Wearable technology is increasing in the consumer market and offers great potential to learning environments.
What this paper adds
- Extends extant literature on dynamic systems theory and phenomenology, contributing these perspectives to educational research in the context of student data privacy and wearable technologies.
- Provides a framework to understand the complex and contingent ways that privacy can be understood in the collection, analysis, and communication of wearable data to support learning.
Implications for practice and/or policy
- Higher education faculty and educational policymakers should consider various interactions in systems and among systems of how wearable data collection may be analysed, communicated and stored, potentially exposing students to privacy harms.
- Multiple actors in learning systems must engage in continuous and evolving feedback loops around data security, consent, ownership and control to determine who has access to student data, how it is used and for what purposes.
- The EU's General Data Protection and Regulation offers one of the most comprehensive frameworks for higher education institutions and faculty around the world to follow for protecting student data privacy.
10.
Steven J. Greenland Catherine Moore 《British journal of educational technology : journal of the Council for Educational Technology》2022,53(3):647-667
Practitioner notes
What is already known about this topic- Persistently high open online education dropout suggests existing interventions are ineffective.
- Prior qualitative retention studies identified the main dropout reasons, but small sample sizes failed to generate deeper insights and more in-depth investigation has been called for.
- A probability-based qualitative sample of 226 participants captured dropout subthemes down to a 5% level of incidence or frequency of occurrence.
- Thematic analysis identified 41 subthemes, within 10 broad dropout reasons. These subthemes are new and offer richer understanding.
- Thematic analysis also identified 19 subthemes within 5 broad dropout intervention areas that students suggested could have prevented their dropout. These include new insights for addressing dropout causes that have often previously been considered unavoidable.
- The strategic framework provides a retention management approach that prioritises responding to the main dropout causes with student-informed interventions.
- This approach and the deeper understanding afforded by robust qualitative investigation should help reduce persistently high dropout rates.
11.
Robin Samuelsson Sara Price Carey Jewitt 《British journal of educational technology : journal of the Council for Educational Technology》2022,53(1):58-76
Practitioner notes
What is already known about this topic- Touchscreens are a significant part of children's lives and educational curricula.
- There is considerable uncertainty on how touchscreens can be incorporated into early childhood education.
- Little is known about how educational social interaction changes with touchscreens such as iPads.
- A mixed methods multimodal analysis of the changing actions and dynamics of iPads as compared with bookreading.
- Children's patterns of communication change towards less talk and more bodily communication, while teachers’ actions remain somewhat similar.
- Touch actions change the dynamics of interaction, can alter the pedagogical situation and bring a reconceptualisation towards a cyclical and embodied view of interaction.
- New patterns of action may require a recalibration of educational practices.
- Teachers need to attend to new sets of touch actions that children use to communicate and act with as displays of knowledge.
- The use of touch screens should be seen as complementary to established practices of language and literacy training (such as book reading) rather than replacing them.
12.
Eva Pölzl-Stefanec 《British journal of educational technology : journal of the Council for Educational Technology》2021,52(6):2192-2208
Practitioner notes
What is already known about this topic- Online professional development has already a very long tradition in the field of adult vocational training but not in Early Childhood Education.
- The possibility of attending online professional development programmes independent of a participant's time constraints or location is viewed as a particularly beneficial advantage.
- Online professional development programmes positively affect the professionalisation of educators. For this reason, they must increasingly be integrated into the field of early childhood education.
- In the field of early childhood education in German-speaking regions, online professional development training courses are only beginning to be developed.
- This paper examines the challenges and barriers for early childhood educators associated with implementing online professional development programmes for early childhood educators.
- The survey was conducted during the COVID-19 pandemic and includes current data on the ongoing digitalisation boom.
- Online professional development courses should not be understood as competition for conventional face-to-face programmes. Instead, they act as a useful supplement.
- Media competencies are a fundamental prerequisite for everyday professional life—early childhood educators need functional media devices, stable internet connections, and support structures in IT and computer literacy.
- Early childhood educators require effective instruction in using online professional development programmes to expand online professional development programmes in their field. They must also address compelling topics in early childhood education relevant to educators' practise.
13.
Judith Stanja Wolfgang Gritz Johannes Krugel Anett Hoppe Sarah Dannemann 《British journal of educational technology : journal of the Council for Educational Technology》2023,54(1):58-75
Formative assessment is considered to be helpful in students' learning support and teaching design. Following Aufschnaiter's and Alonzo's framework, formative assessment practices of teachers can be subdivided into three practices: eliciting evidence, interpreting evidence and responding. Since students' conceptions are judged to be important for meaningful learning across disciplines, teachers are required to assess their students' conceptions. The focus of this article lies on the discussion of learning analytics for supporting the assessment of students' conceptions in class. The existing and potential contributions of learning analytics are discussed related to the named formative assessment framework in order to enhance the teachers' options to consider individual students' conceptions. We refer to findings from biology and computer science education on existing assessment tools and identify limitations and potentials with respect to the assessment of students' conceptions.
Practitioner notes
What is already known about this topic- Students' conceptions are considered to be important for learning processes, but interpreting evidence for learning with respect to students' conceptions is challenging for teachers.
- Assessment tools have been developed in different educational domains for teaching practice.
- Techniques from artificial intelligence and machine learning have been applied for automated assessment of specific aspects of learning.
- Findings on existing assessment tools from two educational domains are summarised and limitations with respect to assessment of students' conceptions are identified.
- Relevent data that needs to be analysed for insights into students' conceptions is identified from an educational perspective.
- Potential contributions of learning analytics to support the challenging task to elicit students' conceptions are discussed.
- Learning analytics can enhance the eliciting of students' conceptions.
- Based on the analysis of existing works, further exploration and developments of analysis techniques for unstructured text and multimodal data are desirable to support the eliciting of students' conceptions.
14.
Pekka Mertala 《British journal of educational technology : journal of the Council for Educational Technology》2021,52(6):2227-2241
Practitioner notes
What is already known about this topic- Computing has been (re)introduced in the curricula of basic education in various countries.
- Some teachers are found to be reluctant to teach computing in basic education.
- This paper introduces a transversal multiliteracies-based approach for computing education.
- Computing should be included in curricula and classrooms in a holistic manner that includes both functional and critical approaches to computing.
15.
Gemma Taylor Joanna Kolak Eve M. Bent Padraic Monaghan 《British journal of educational technology : journal of the Council for Educational Technology》2022,53(5):1262-1282
Practitioner notes
What is already known about this topic- Appropriately designed apps for preschool age children have the potential to teach early school readiness skills.
- Selecting high quality educational apps for preschool age children is challenging.
- The children's app marketplace is currently unregulated.
- We assess whether two leading app rating websites are useful for selecting educational apps for preschool age children.
- Children's apps rated highly by two app website rating systems had a higher educational potential than low rated apps as measured by a research informed app evaluation tool.
- In-depth analysis of the language in apps shows that highly rated children's apps on app rating websites may not enrich a child's early language environment.
- Children's app rating website assessments should include potential for feedback, language, adjustable content, storyline and social interactions.
- Policy should be implemented for app ratings in the app stores or on website app rating systems.
16.
Yuqin Yang Zhizi Zheng Gaoxia Zhu Sdenka Zobeida Salas-Pilco 《British journal of educational technology : journal of the Council for Educational Technology》2023,54(4):1025-1045
Preparing data-literate citizens and supporting future generations to effectively work with data is challenging. Engaging students in Knowledge Building (KB) may be a promising way to respond to this challenge because it requires students to reflect on and direct their inquiry with the support of data. Informed by previous studies, this research explored how an analytics-supported reflective assessment (AsRA)-enhanced KB design influenced 6th graders' KB and data science practices in a science education setting. One intact class with 56 students participated in this study. The analysis of students' Knowledge Forum discourse showed the positive influences of the AsRA-enhanced KB design on students' development of KB and data science practices. Further analysis of different-performing groups revealed that the AsRA-enhanced KB design was accessible to all performing groups. These findings have important implications for teachers and researchers who aim to develop students' KB and data science practices, and general high-level collaborative inquiry skills.
Practitioner notes
What is already known about this topic- Data use becomes increasingly important in the K-12 educational context.
- Little is known about how to scaffold students to develop data science practices.
- Knowledge Building (KB) and learning analytics-supported reflective assessment (AsRA) show premises in developing these practices.
- AsRA-enhanced KB can help students improve KB and data science practices over time.
- AsRA-enhanced KB design benefits students of different-performing groups.
- AsRA-enhanced KB is accessible to elementary school students in science education.
- Developing a collaborative and reflective culture helps students engage in collaborative inquiry.
- Pedagogical approaches and analytic tools can be developed to support students' data-driven decision-making in inquiry learning.
17.
Jenny Yun-Chen Chan Chloe Byrne Janette Jerusal Allison S. Liu Justin Roberts Erin Ottmar 《British journal of educational technology : journal of the Council for Educational Technology》2023,54(4):943-966
Prior research has shown that game-based learning tools, such as DragonBox 12+, support algebraic understanding and that students' in-game progress positively predicts their later performance. Using data from 253 seventh-graders (12–13 years old) who played DragonBox as a part of technology intervention, we examined (a) the relations between students' progress within DragonBox and their algebraic knowledge and general mathematics achievement, (b) the moderating effects of students' prior performance on these relations and (c) the potential factors associated with students' in-game progress. Among students with higher prior algebraic knowledge, higher in-game progress was related to higher algebraic knowledge after the intervention. Higher in-game progress was also associated with higher end-of-year mathematics achievement, and this association was stronger among students with lower prior mathematics achievement. Students' demographic characteristics, prior knowledge and prior achievement did not significantly predict in-game progress beyond the number of intervention sessions students completed. These findings advance research on how, for whom and in what contexts game-based interventions, such as DragonBox, support mathematical learning and have implications for practice using game-based technologies to supplement instruction.
Practitioner notes
What is already known about this topic- DragonBox 12+ may support students' understanding of algebra but the findings are mixed.
- Students who solve more problems within math games tend to show higher performance after gameplay.
- Students' engagement with mathematics is often related to their prior math performance.
- For students with higher prior algebraic knowledge, solving more problems in DragonBox 12+ is related to higher algebraic performance after gameplay.
- Students who make more in-game progress also have higher mathematics achievement, especially for students with lower prior achievement.
- Students who spend more time playing DragonBox 12+ make more in-game progress; their demographic, prior knowledge and prior achievement are not related to in-game progress.
- DragonBox 12+ can be beneficial as a supplement to algebra instruction for students with some understanding of algebra.
- DragonBox 12+ can engage students with mathematics across achievement levels.
- Dedicating time and encouraging students to play DragonBox 12+ may help them make more in-game progress, and in turn, support math learning.
18.
Chantal Mutimukwe Olga Viberg Lena-Maria Oberg Teresa Cerratto-Pargman 《British journal of educational technology : journal of the Council for Educational Technology》2022,53(4):932-951
Understanding students' privacy concerns is an essential first step toward effective privacy-enhancing practices in learning analytics (LA). In this study, we develop and validate a model to explore the students' privacy concerns (SPICE) regarding LA practice in higher education. The SPICE model considers privacy concerns as a central construct between two antecedents—perceived privacy risk and perceived privacy control, and two outcomes—trusting beliefs and non-self-disclosure behaviours. To validate the model, data through an online survey were collected, and 132 students from three Swedish universities participated in the study. Partial least square results show that the model accounts for high variance in privacy concerns, trusting beliefs, and non-self-disclosure behaviours. They also illustrate that students' perceived privacy risk is a firm predictor of their privacy concerns. The students' privacy concerns and perceived privacy risk were found to affect their non-self-disclosure behaviours. Finally, the results show that the students' perceptions of privacy control and privacy risks determine their trusting beliefs. The study results contribute to understand the relationships between students' privacy concerns, trust and non-self-disclosure behaviours in the LA context. A set of relevant implications for LA systems' design and privacy-enhancing practices' development in higher education is offered.
Practitioner notes
What is already known about this topic- Addressing students' privacy is critical for large-scale learning analytics (LA) implementation.
- Understanding students' privacy concerns is an essential first step to developing effective privacy-enhancing practices in LA.
- Several conceptual, not empirically validated frameworks focus on ethics and privacy in LA.
- The paper offers a validated model to explore the nature of students' privacy concerns in LA in higher education.
- It provides an enhanced theoretical understanding of the relationship between privacy concerns, trust and self-disclosure behaviour in the LA context of higher education.
- It offers a set of relevant implications for LA researchers and practitioners.
- Students' perceptions of privacy risks and privacy control are antecedents of students' privacy concerns, trust in the higher education institution and the willingness to share personal information.
- Enhancing students' perceptions of privacy control and reducing perceptions of privacy risks are essential for LA adoption and success.
- Contextual factors that may influence students' privacy concerns should be considered.
19.
Cynthia Boggio Ahmed Zaher Marie-Line Bosse 《British journal of educational technology : journal of the Council for Educational Technology》2023,54(5):1332-1350
The present study assessed the effectiveness of the ECRIMO educational application designed to build first-grade level spelling skills. We tested whether using the app to teach spelling would be as effective as providing the same training using traditional paper exercises. The effect of integrating gamification into mobile learning apps, which has been little studied in the context of young children, is also investigated. A pretest/training/posttest design was implemented with 311 first-graders divided in four groups: no training, paper training, the ECRIMO app with gamification features, and the ECRIMO app without gamification. Spelling, reading and phonological awareness abilities was measured at both pretest and posttest. The training was conducted over a 7-week period (4.40 hours in total). The experimental design allowed us to answer three questions: (1) Is spelling training effective regardless of the medium used? (2) Is training through the app as efficient as paper-based training? (3) Does gamification impact students' learning performance? Mixed-model analyses revealed (1) a positive effect on the training outcome depended on the initial spelling ability of participants, (2) a comparable efficiency between autonomous training using the ECRIMO app on tablets and the same training provided by teachers using paper exercises and (3) a marginally positive effect of gamification that is greater for the weakest students. The present study proposes an original and pertinent experimental design to test the relevance of educational applications. The design features of learning apps can impact students' learning differently depending on their initial level. A critical step should be verifying that using online apps for training is at least as effective as the same training using paper exercises.
Practitioner notes
What is already known about this topic- A significant number of children experience difficulties in reading and spelling from the first years of learning.
- The use of new technologies to support classroom teaching is rapidly developing as a topic of interest for educational professionals and researchers.
- Evaluations of new technologies developed to enhance literacy skills suggest that many factors can vary their effectiveness.
- The effectiveness of a digital educational application can be enhanced or undermined by design choices, such as gamification.
- Spelling training with the app ECRIMO seems effective for first year students, especially those with the lowest and middle level.
- Comparable effects of both the tablet-based and paper equivalent training on participants' spelling were found.
- The use of gamification in ECRIMO could be more suitable for the weakest students.
- Educational technologies should be evidence-based and should be evaluated with both a passive and an active control group.
- The design should be carefully considered and tested, as it may be advantageous for some students and disadvantageous for others.
- The use of digital technology in education can be beneficial for classroom practice, when the activity can be carried out in total autonomy, leaving the teacher available for a group of pupils with specific needs.
20.
José Antonio Rodríguez-Martínez José Antonio González-Calero Javier del Olmo-Muñoz David Arnau Sergio Tirado-Olivares 《British journal of educational technology : journal of the Council for Educational Technology》2023,54(1):76-97
This study analyses the potential of a learning analytics (LA) based formative assessment to construct personalised teaching sequences in Mathematics for 5th-grade primary school students. A total of 127 students from Spanish public schools participated in the study. The quasi-experimental study was conducted over the course of six sessions, in which both control and experimental groups participated in a teaching sequence based on mathematical problems. In each session, both groups used audience response systems to record their responses to mathematical tasks about fractions. After each session, students from the control group were given generic homework on fractions—the same activities for all the participants—while students from the experimental group were given a personalised set of activities. The provision of personalised homework was based on the students' errors detected from the use of the LA-based formative assessment. After the intervention, the results indicate a higher student level of understanding of the concept of fractions in the experimental group compared to the control group. Related to motivational dimensions, results indicated that instruction using audience response systems has a positive effect compared to regular mathematics classes.
Practitioner notes
What is already known about this topic- Developing an understanding of fractions is one of the most challenging concepts in elementary mathematics and a solid predictor of future achievements in mathematics.
- Learning analytics (LA) has the potential to provide quality, functional data for assessing and supporting learners' difficulties.
- Audience response systems (ARS) are one of the most practical ways to collect data for LA in classroom environments.
- There is a scarcity of field research implementations on LA mediated by ARS in real contexts of elementary school classrooms.
- Empirical evidence about how LA-based formative assessments can enable personalised homework to support student understanding of fractions.
- Personalised homework based on an LA-based formative assessment improves the students' comprehension of fractions.
- Using ARS for the teaching of fractions has a positive effect in terms of student motivation.
- Teachers should be given LA/ARS tools that allow them to quickly provide students with personalised mathematical instruction.
- Researchers should continue exploring these potentially beneficial educational implementations in other areas.