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In recent years, many different types of e-government projects have been implemented across the developing world. One important application area, especially following the Millennium Development Goals, is the introduction of health information systems to improve the management of health care for development. Despite significant investments in these projects, experience reveals a disjuncture between macro-level policy priorities and micro-level implementation of these programmes. We use a broad conceptualization of evaluation to synthesize priorities at different levels during the implementation of an e-government project—the Health Information Systems Project (HISP) in Andhra Pradesh, India. This enables us to identify important enabling processes and conditions which serve to connect policy and implementation priorities. Our findings suggest that evaluation does help us to understand the disjuncture between policy at the macro level and implementation at the micro level and to identify linkages between the two. Finally, we discuss some of the key institutional issues that need to be addressed to translate the learning derived from the field into policy actions. 相似文献
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As federal agencies move toward more sophisticated e-govern- ment offerings, they must consider both policy and operational requirements for electronic authentication (e-authentication). One important consideration in designing and deploying e-authentica- tion solutions is the balance between access, security, authentication, and privacy. Public law and government-wide policy encourage e-government and e-authentication simultaneously with privacy protection, creating policy and operational tensions for e-government efforts. A review of the relevant laws and policies and analyses of the privacy implications of authentication technologies indicates that federal agencies have at least two analytic frameworks for balancing privacy concerns with e-authentication. A framework offered in the 2003 National Research Council report Who Goes There? and the privacy impact analysis requirements of the E-Government Act of 2002 provide e-government projects with the tools for navigating the path between privacy and openness, required by both e-government law and policy. 相似文献
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As federal agencies move toward more sophisticated e-govern- ment offerings, they must consider both policy and operational requirements for electronic authentication (e-authentication). One important consideration in designing and deploying e-authentica- tion solutions is the balance between access, security, authentication, and privacy. Public law and government-wide policy encourage e-government and e-authentication simultaneously with privacy protection, creating policy and operational tensions for e-government efforts. A review of the relevant laws and policies and analyses of the privacy implications of authentication technologies indicates that federal agencies have at least two analytic frameworks for balancing privacy concerns with e-authentication. A framework offered in the 2003 National Research Council report Who Goes There? and the privacy impact analysis requirements of the E-Government Act of 2002 provide e-government projects with the tools for navigating the path between privacy and openness, required by both e-government law and policy. 相似文献
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Government agencies often face trade-offs in developing initiatives that address a public good given competing concerns of various constituent groups. Efforts to construct data warehouses that enable data mining of citizens’ personal information obtained from other organizations (including sister agencies) create a complex challenge, since privacy concerns may vary across constituent groups whose priorities diverge from agencies’ e-government goals. In addition to privacy concerns, participating government agencies’ priorities related to the use of the information may also be in conflict. This article reports on a case study of the Integrated Non-Filer Compliance System used by the California Franchise Tax Board for which data are collected from federal, state, and municipal agencies and other organizations in a data mining application that aims to identify residents who under-report income or fail to file tax returns. This system pitted the public good (ensuring owed taxes are paid) against citizen concerns about privacy. Drawing on stakeholder theory, the authors propose a typology of four stakeholder groups (data controllers, data subjects, data providers, and secondary stakeholders) to address privacy concerns and argue that by ensuring procedural fairness for the data subjects, agencies can reduce some barriers that impede the successful adoption of e-government applications and policies. The article concludes that data controllers can reduce adoption and implementation barriers when e-government data mining applications rely on data shared across organizational boundaries: identify legitimate stakeholders and their concerns prior to implementation; enact procedures to ensure procedural fairness when data are captured, shared, and used; explain to each constituency how the data mining application helps to ensure distributive fairness; and continue to gauge stakeholders’ responses and ongoing concerns as long as the application is in use. 相似文献
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分析比较了中国和美国在电子政务发展的战略目标、管理体制和战略实施三个方面的差异,并详细研究了中美两国在促进电子政务发展中的法律、政策和实施项目三个方面的异同。针对中国的实际,借鉴美国电子政务的经验,提出中国电子政务发展战略的初步建议。 相似文献
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Bhaven N. Sampat 《Research Policy》2012,41(10):1729-1741
The NIH (National Institutes of Health) is the largest single funder of biomedical research in the world. This paper documents tensions between the agency's health and science missions and considers how, in light of these, it has managed to sustain a level of bipartisan political support uncommon in U.S. health or research policy. It highlights the serendipity hypothesis, the presence of “safety valve” mechanisms that allow it to (on occasion) target research at particular diseases and priorities, and a broad and diverse set of constituencies as important to understanding the agency's political success. Through an in-depth look at the NIH allocation process, the paper also provides insights into how demand-side considerations can affect the direction of scientific research. 相似文献
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There is an increasing recognition that various stakeholder groups for e-government have a significant role to play in ensuring the long-term success of the e-government enterprise. This article seeks to contribute to the understanding of the stakeholders’ multiple perspectives by proposing typologies of stakeholder roles, and stakeholder benefits, respectively, and embedding these in a stakeholder benefits analysis tool. A literature review is used to surface the diverse existing categorizations of e-government stakeholders and their interests and the benefits sought. This review informs a proposal for a typology of stakeholder roles, and for a typology of stakeholder benefits, which together are used to construct an initial proposal for a stakeholder benefits analysis tool (SBAT), which can be used to map stakeholder roles to stakeholder benefits. This tool has been tested by an expert group, and revised. This exploratory study is an important first step towards the development of tools and approaches for understanding the benefits sought by a wide range of different stakeholder groups in e-government. Progress in the development of such tools is important for the development of knowledge and practice, policy, and evaluation with respect to stakeholder engagement with, and participation in, e-government. 相似文献
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[目的/意义]探索智慧城市政策试点对电子政务发展的影响机制，有助于促进电子政务向智慧化方向迈进。[方法/过程]本文采用事件史分析方法，收集244个地级市2011-2016年相关数据，构建智慧城市政策试点与电子政务发展水平的静态和动态面板模型，考察其对电子政务发展的影响。[结果/结论]研究结果显示，智慧城市试点对地方电子政务发展存在短期正向效应和长期负向效应；此外，上一年度电子政务发展水平高低对本期发展绩效具有显著正向影响；同侪效应对地方电子政务发展具有显著且持续的积极作用；而公众因素对电子政务发展的影响却不显著。因此，地方政府应把握智慧城市建设契机，基于城市发展状况，从政策组合、目标选择和经验学习等方面，激发电子政务发展潜能，提升创新治理能力。 相似文献
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In this article we empirically test stage models of e-government development. We use Lee's classification to make a distinction between four stages of e-government: informational, requests, personal, and e-democracy. We draw on a comprehensive data set on the adoption and development of e-government activities in 510 Dutch municipalities over the period 2004–2009. Our results show that progression through stages of e-government is mostly linear. However, it seems that a single dimension is insufficient to explain e-government development at the level of more specific features of e-government. Our analysis demonstrates that municipalities sometimes adopt certain e-government features at a later stage even if features of an earlier stage are not adopted at all. These findings suggest that municipalities can—at the level of e-government features—immediately proceed to later stages without having to pass through earlier stages. We conclude that stage models may have some value for benchmarking municipalities at the level of stages, but are inadequate in explaining or predicting the development of features at the different e-government stages. 相似文献
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科技重大专项具有“重、大、专”特点,对其开展客观公正地绩效评价具有重要的理论和现实意义,但现有研究成果未见循证评估在地方科技重大专项整体资助绩效评价中的应用。本研究以福建省为例,基于循证评估理论,构建了基于“评估议题——关键问题——证据”的科技重大专项整体资助绩效评价框架,综合应用政策文本分析、数理统计和案例研究等评估方法,从战略定位、资助绩效、管理绩效和影响效果等维度进行循证评估。研究结果表明,福建省科技重大专项总体进展顺利,资助体系较为完整,过程管理科学有效,实施成效显著,但仍存在一些不足。最后,针对问题提出了相关对策建议,以期为相关科技政策的制定和完善提供数据支撑和参考依据。 相似文献
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José Luis Moreno Cegarra Juan Gabriel Cegarra Navarro José Rodrigo Córdoba Pachón 《International Journal of Information Management》2014
This paper examines the relative importance and significance of the four technology enablers introduced by Davis (1989) in the technology acceptance model (TAM) (perceived ease of use, perceived usefulness, attitude towards using and behavioural intention) for use on four different levels of citizen engagement in e-government (null, publish, interact and transact). An extended technology acceptance model (TAM) is developed to test citizen engagement towards online e-government services from a sample of 307 citizens who used the benefits advisor tool within a Spanish City Hall. Although the proposed model follows TAM and explains the intention towards the actual use of e-government by postulating four direct determinants, “A, PU, PEOU and BI” have been considered as parallel processes, meaning that each can have separate influence in different levels of citizen engagement. To achieve this goal, a multinomial logistic regression is developed and tested to confirm the explanatory power of the four technology enablers on the four different levels of e-government. Our findings further suggest that in order to implement e-government, some of the enablers matter more than others to move from one level of citizen engagement to another. The main contribution of the paper is to question the use of existing models which seek to represent the relationship between technology enablers and the adoption of e-government services without considering their impacts on citizens’ engagement. The implications of the findings are discussed and useful insights are provided in relation to policy recommendations geared to create appropriate conditions to build citizens’ engagement intent of use of e-government services. 相似文献
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为掌握广东省重大科技专项实施以来形成的典型成果技术攻关进展、距离项目目标的差距和可转移转化的能力,采用技术就绪度评价方法,针对项目形成的典型成果进展情况进行定量测评和分析。通过制定适用于广东省重大科技专项的技术就绪度评价实施方法,研究制定不同类别科技成果的技术就绪度评价细则,选择项目重点攻克的目标典型成果,对典型成果立项时、评估时和合同截止时的技术就绪度进行评价。本应用研究丰富了技术就绪度评价方法的应用范围,为进一步完善省级科技计划管理体系提供了参考借鉴。 相似文献
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本文基于IT治理理论和电子政务文献,构建了电子政务实施中IT治理模式的分析框架,并对6个中国地级市信息主管部门的87个电子政务实施项目进行深度调查,识别了5种治理原型,形成了电子政务治理安排矩阵,总结了5种典型的IT治理模式及其形成的主要原因。案例研究结果显示了与西方学者不同的研究结论,中国地方政府电子政务实施中IT治理模式尽管呈现出多样化态势,但是典型治理模式的形成,与电子政务决策项的类型无明显关系,主要受到行政压力和IT部门影响力的共同作用,同时由于与其相匹配的治理结构和治理机制的明显不足,导致相同IT治理模式的治理绩效存在显著差异。 相似文献
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中国生态移民效益评估研究综述 总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3
中国生态移民发端于20世纪80年代初的经济社会快速发展时期,成因于经济社会-资源环境系统的不协调性。生态移民政策实施的效果由此也成为政府和学者关注的焦点。本文通过对中国生态移民效益评估研究文献的全面梳理,系统分析了其评估对象、内容、方法和结果等方面的研究现状。研究发现,已有生态移民效益评估研究主要针对中国中西部各省典型移民工程,应用定性和定量分析方法,从不同视角对移民效益进行了经济、生态、社会的单因子或多因子考察,重点对移民经济收入变化进行了评估;生态移民效益评估结果虽然受迁入区资源环境容量、移民政策制定和实施过程、移民适应能力等的影响,但评估研究的数据来源、评估方法对评估结果也产生重要影响。未来生态移民效益评估研究要强调对反映整个移民区域经济、生态环境、社会文化心理等方面变化的全面调研,以第三方作为评估主体,甄选适宜的指标和方法对生态移民政策的制定、实施及效果进行全程考察和评估。 相似文献
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Research linking corruption and e-government maturity has mainly focused on the impact of e-government on corruption, and a vast majority of studies among them indicate that e-government can effectively lower the level of corruption in a country. As opposed to this well-developed stream of research, we explore and contribute to another potential but under-developed stream of research: the impact of corruption on e-government maturity. Drawing on the institutional perspective to construe corruption, we argue that corruption in three basic national institutions (political, legal, and media) and two national stakeholder service systems (business and citizen systems) in a country can hinder its e-government maturity. Specifically, we propose a holistic framework that conceptualizes the negative influence of corruption in national institutions and national stakeholder service systems on e-government maturity by drawing on five key theoretical perspectives—agency theory, control theory, theory of X-inefficiency, rent-seeking theory, and trust in institutions—grounded in corruption and information systems project management literature. The proposed conceptual framework is expected to (1) guide future empirical research on “corruption–e-government” phenomenon by providing rich theoretical explanations; and (2) offer a comprehensive strategy for practitioners and policymakers dealing with e-government projects and initiatives. 相似文献
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在中国科技的巨大进步为世界有目共睹的同时,如何培养世界级学者成为困扰我国科学界的重要课题。世界级学者的培养和形成受诸多因素的影响,邻国日本频获诺贝尔自然科学奖的经验为我们提供了很好的借鉴。本文通过分析日本政府的科研体制机制改革的动向,并聚焦日本科学技术振兴机构的科研管理机制和所资助的战略型基础研究的案例,得出了有助于世界级学者脱颖而出的科研经费制度、伯乐型评审专家和具有鉴别人才和技术能力的专业型科研管理人员的存在、跟踪式服务等因素对于日本频获诺贝尔自然科学奖起着不可或缺作用的结论。本文提出,今后我国除了制定明确的世界级人才培养战略目标之外,需要加大设置战略型基础研究项目的力度,尝试导入伯乐型项目负责人为核心的管理制度,对基础研究项目实施弹性化、跟踪式管理,打造能挖掘高潜力人才和技术的专业化科研管理人员队伍。 相似文献
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Jacky Swan Anna Goussevskaia Sue Newell Maxine Robertson Ademola Obembe 《Research Policy》2007,36(4):529-547
Given that biomedical innovation involves intense collaboration across disciplines, occupations and organizations, a nation's integrative capabilities (the ability to move between basic science and clinical development) and relational capabilities (the ability to collaborate with diverse organizations) have been identified as crucial. This paper deploys qualitative analysis of biomedical innovation in the UK and US to identify mechanisms influencing innovation at the project level through which these macro level capabilities may have effects. From this a propositional framework is developed that helps explain the likely impact of such capabilities for characteristically different kinds of innovation projects at the micro level. 相似文献
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Multi-agency information management projects are becoming increasingly common. Yet, there is relatively limited research in this area, particularly in the context of electronic government (e-government). This paper fills this gap in the literature by examining a successful information management project called the Online Business Licensing Service (OBLS) that aims to streamline the various licenses (managed by different agencies) required to operate a business in Singapore. The findings suggest that multi-agency projects are inherently more complex than single agency projects. A set of lessons on managing such projects is presented and these lessons should prove useful to researchers and practitioners as multi-agency information management projects become increasingly more widespread. 相似文献