共查询到20条相似文献，搜索用时 15 毫秒
1.
Tarleton Gillespie 《The Information Society》2004,20(4):239-254
The Digital Millennium Copyright Act (DMCA) has been criticized for granting too much power to copyright holders, offering them new technological controls that may harm the public interest. But by considering this exclusively as a copyright issue, we overlook how the DMCA anticipates a technological and commercial infrastructure for regulating not only copying but every facet of the purchase and use of cultural goods. In upholding the law in Universal v. Reimerdes, the courts not only stabilized these market-friendly arrangements in cultural distribution; they extended these arrangements into realms as diverse as encryption research and journalism, with consequences for the very production of knowledge. 相似文献
2.
Niva Elkin-Koren 《Ethics and Information Technology》2001,2(4):201-209
Copyright law in recent years has undergone a process of privatization. While weakening the enforceability of conventional legislation (copyright rules), cyberspace facilitates alternative types of regulation such as contracts and technical self-help measures. Regulation by the code is significantly different from traditional types of public ordering (copyright law) and private ordering (contracts). Norms that technically regulate the use of information are not merely self-made they are also self-enforced. Furthermore, the law was recruited to uphold the superiority of such technical self-help measures. The recently adopted U.S. Digital Millenium Copyright Act (DMCA) 1998 prohibits the development and use of technologies designed to circumvent copyright management systems. The underlying assumption of this legislation is that in Cyberspace, the target of regulation should become the technologies that affect users' behavior rather than the behaviors themselves. This paper critically examines this regulatory approach and highlights its shortcomings. 相似文献
3.
Niva Elkin-Koren 《Ethics and Information Technology》2000,2(4):201-209
Copyright law in recent years has undergone a process of privatization. While weakening the enforceability of conventional
legislation (copyright rules), cyberspace facilitates alternative types of regulation such as contracts and technical self-help
measures. Regulation by the code is significantly different from traditional types of public ordering (copyright law) and
private ordering (contracts). Norms that technically regulate the use of information are not merely self-made they are also
self-enforced. Furthermore, the law was recruited to uphold the superiority of such technical self-help measures. The recently
adopted U.S. Digital Millenium Copyright Act (DMCA) 1998 prohibits the development and use of technologies designed to circumvent
copyright management systems. The underlying assumption of this legislation is that in Cyberspace, the target of regulation
should become the technologies that affect users' behavior rather than the behaviors themselves. This paper critically examines
this regulatory approach and highlights its shortcomings. 相似文献
4.
Locke,Intellectual Property Rights,and the Information Commons 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
This paper examines the question whether, and to what extent, John Locke’s classic theory of property can be applied to the
current debate involving intellectual property rights (IPRs) and the information commons. Organized into four main sections,
Section 1 includes a brief exposition of Locke’s arguments for the just appropriation of physical objects and tangible property.
In Section 2, I consider some challenges involved in extending Locke’s labor theory of property to the debate about IPRs and
digital information. In Section 3, it is argued that even if the labor analogy breaks down, we should not necessarily infer
that Locke’s theory has no relevance for the contemporary debate involving IPRs and the information commons. Alternatively,
I argue that much of what Locke has to say about the kinds of considerations that ought to be accorded to the physical commons
when appropriating objects from it – especially his proviso requiring that “enough and as good” be left for others – can also be applied to appropriations involving the information
commons. Based on my reading of Locke’s proviso, I further argue that Locke would presume in favor of the information commons
when competing interests (involving the rights of individual appropriators and the preservation of the commons) are at stake.
In this sense, I believe that Locke offers us an adjudicative principle for evaluating the claims advanced by rival interests
in the contemporary debate about IPRs and the information commons. In Section 4, I apply Locke’s proviso in my analysis of
two recent copyright laws: the Copyright Term Extension Act (CTEA), and the Digital Millennium Copyright Act (DMCA). I then
argue that both laws violate the spirit of Locke’s proviso because they unfairly restrict the access that ordinary individuals
have previously had to resources that comprise the information commons. Noting that Locke would not altogether reject copyright
protection for IPRs, I conclude that Locke’s classic property theory provides a useful mechanism for adjudicating between
claims about how best to ensure that individuals will be able to continue to access information in digitized form, while at
the same time also allowing for that information to enjoy some form of legal protection. 相似文献
5.
研究加强版权保护是否促进或多大程度促进文化产业发展，对推动中国文化产业发展具有重要意义。构建版权保护强度测度指标体系，基于2000-2015年期间中国相关数据测度版权保护强度系数，并运用线性回归方法分析版权保护强度对文化产业发展绩效的影响程度。结果显示：中国版权保护强度总体不断增强，其中文化产业增加值与版权保护强度成“U”型相关关系，其中“U”型拐点出现在版权保护强度为2.945的节点上，此时正值2003-2004年期间；文化产业就业人员数、人文发展指数与文化产业发展成正相关关系，互联网普及率对文化产业增加值的影响不显著。未来提升版权保护强度有助于提高文化产业的发展绩效。 相似文献
6.
7.
研究版权保护强度与软件产业发展的关系问题，对发展我国软件产业十分重要。以多元线性回归模型为工具，通过测量版权保护强度为前提，基于我国2000-2015年软件产业相关数据，分析版权保护强度与软件产业发展的关系。结果显示，2000-2015年期间，在不考虑其他影响因素下，版权保护强度与软件产业发展正相关，且相关性较显著；但是在综合考量版权保护强度、固定资产投资、正版软件收入额、软件产业就业人数、软件产业出口额、网络普及率及盗版软件数量等因素下，版权保护强度与软件产业发展负相关，且相关性较显著，固定资产投资与正版软件收入额与软件产业发展显著正相关，其他因素与软件产业发展无显著相关性。因此，不可一味追求高版权保护强度，而应当“因地制宜”加强版权保护，并结合提高固定资产投资和公民正版软件消费意识，方能有助于促进软件产业发展。 相似文献
8.
版权法的本质上就是要在创作者和使用者之间建立一种最优的均衡关系。过强或过弱的版权保护并不有利于版权权利人、模仿者以及社会公众的利益平衡关系。本文从理论和实证两个层面揭示了文化产业版权保护的内在机理,阐释了在文化产业价值链的创意创作、创意开发、创意传播和创意消费四个阶段中版权保护的基本方法和原则。 相似文献
9.
Puay Tang 《The Information Society》1998,14(1):19-31
The increasing prospects of digital piracy has prompted the perceived need by electronic publishers to adopt technical systems of protection, and governments to reform their copyright laws. This article is a preliminary study of the management of intellectual property by electronic publishers, defined as those involved in the production of online databases, and CD-ROMs. It focuses on three main issues: (1) how electronic publishers view the increasing threat of piracy; (2) the methods of protection employed to protect intellectual property in digital format; and (3) the importance of technological protection of intellectual property in electronic publications. The analysis is based on a sample of 23 UK electronic publishers. The interviews revealed an interesting assortment of protection methods and did not show that technological protection was a preferred way. Instead, the means of protection, in addition to copyright law, comprised niche markets, pricing, trust, bad publicity, and nontechnical and technical means. 相似文献
10.
版权保护对我国版权产业发展具有重要的意义。基于我国2016年的相关数据,构建指标体系,测算出版权保护强度这一版权保护的关键因素,并结合外商投资、城镇单位文化、体育和娱乐业就业人数、文化、体育和娱乐业固定资产投资、每十万人口各级学校平均在校学生数共五个因素来分析版权保护对版权产业发展的作用机制。研究发现,版权保护强度、外商投资以及城镇单位文化、体育和娱乐业就业人数对版权产业发展具有不同程度的正向影响,其他两个因素则不显著,并据此相应地提出促进我国版权产业发展的对策建议。 相似文献
11.
数字图书馆版权保护技术及其规避行为的法律对策 总被引：19，自引：0，他引：19
版权保护是数字图书馆建设中面临的关键性问题之一。本文结合中国大陆新著作权法对数字化信息资源的版权保护条款，简要回顾了当前中国大陆数字图书馆建设在版权保护问题上的缺陷，强调应进一步加强版权保护的技术性措施；详细论述了用以保护数字化信息资源版权的主流技术，包括防拷贝技术、访问控制、内容保护、流媒体格式、数字水印以及DRM技术，对DRM技术在数字图书馆中的应用前景进行了展望；并对数字资源版权保护中可能出现的技术规避行为，提出采用先进技术、追究法律责任、改进商业模式等若干应对措施。 相似文献
12.
This article investigates the ways in which the reporting of technological developments in artificial intelligence (AI) can serve as occasions in which Occidental modernity's cultural antinomies are played out. It takes as its reference point the two chess tournaments (in 1996 and 1997) between the then world champion Gary Kasparov and the IBM dedicated chess computers Deep Blue and Deeper Blue and shows how these games of chess came to be seen as an arena where fundamental issues pertaining to human identity were contested. The article considers the dominant framing of these encounters in terms of a conflict between two opposed categories—“human” and “machine”—and argues the essential role of human agency, the human supplement, in the performances of machine intelligence. 相似文献
13.
文化类型、组织结构与企业技术创新 总被引：6，自引：0，他引：6
技术创新总是在特定的文化背景和组织结构中发生的,不同的文化类型和组织结构决定了技术创新的不同性质.本文分析了不同企业文化类型的物性、组织结构的演变以及它们之间的协同关系,指出文化类型、组织结构与技术创新之间的有效匹配是企业依靠技术创新走内涵发展道路的根本保证. 相似文献
14.
文化产业已经成为国家经济增长的战略产业,但是当前我国文化产业仍然面临创新力不足的问题。推动文化产业创新发展,应当充分辨析版权制度和政府资助两项政策工具的价值目标和功能缺陷,结合市场特征和产业现状选择合适的机制。适应当前文化产业格局和数字技术发展,本文建议加大版权保护,完善政府资助,理顺政府资助引导与版权市场运作的文化产业创新驱动模式。 相似文献
15.
随着版权产业成为促进国家经济增长的新的生产力,版权保护问题日益凸显。从版权产业的概念和分类入手,阐述版权产业与文化产业的联系与区别,指出版权保护是版权产业发展的重要保障,对于新兴版权产业的发展更为重要。针对我国版权保护存在的问题,提出完善我国版权保护的对策。 相似文献
16.
科技社团参与科技评价的角色与路径———基于三重逻辑的理论分析 《科学学研究》2023,41(2):212-220
探索科技社团参与科技评价的理论机理及实现路径是深化科技体制改革和完善科技评价机制的重要内容。本文在厘定科技社团概念与功能的基础上,从组织逻辑、制度逻辑和行动逻辑论述了科技社团参与科技评价的独特优势,并归纳了科技社团参与科技评价的四种角色,即评价组织者、标准制定者、失信约束者及奖励举荐者。然后,系统阐释了四种角色的内涵、特征及实现基础,建构了科技社团参与科技评价的实践路径。最后提出科技社团更好地参与科技评价的改革举措。 相似文献
17.
Mark Rose 《The Information Society》2013,29(1):63-66
Without printing technology there would be no need for copyright. Anglo-American copyright has its roots in early booksellers' practices that in 1710 were incorporated into the Statute of Anne. Several decades later in 1735 the provisions of this statute were copied in a new piece of legislation for the protection of engravings. However, “Hogarth's Act” protected only those engravings that involved original designs and thus, implicitly, made a distinction between artists and mere craftsmen. Soon, however, Parliament was persuaded to extend protection to all engravings. The history of Hogarth's Act foreshadowed the logic whereby a century later protection was extended first to special and then to ordinary photographs. Together these instances of copyright extension raise the question of to what degree similar patterns are at work in the continuing expansion of copyright today. 相似文献
18.
科技企业孵化器是科技创新创业的前沿阵地,对科技创业人才的集聚与孵化具有先天的制度和文化优势。运用科技企业孵化器的科技创业人才孵化相关理论,构建了科技企业孵化器的科技创业人才孵化网络嵌入模型,并以武汉地区科技创业人才为研究对象,实证研究了科技创业人才的孵化网络嵌入对创业绩效的影响、作用机制以及创业效能感的中介作用。研究结果显示,科技创业人才的孵化网络关系嵌入、结构嵌入对创业绩效具有显著的正向影响和促进作用,创业效能感在关系嵌入对创业绩效的作用路径中起完全中介作用,但在结构嵌入的作用路径中只起部分中介作用。以此为基础,提出科技创业人才的孵化网络嵌入式开发策略。 相似文献
19.
Mark Rose 《The Information Society》2005,21(1):63-66
Without printing technology there would be no need for copyright. Anglo-American copyright has its roots in early booksellers' practices that in 1710 were incorporated into the Statute of Anne. Several decades later in 1735 the provisions of this statute were copied in a new piece of legislation for the protection of engravings. However, “Hogarth's Act” protected only those engravings that involved original designs and thus, implicitly, made a distinction between artists and mere craftsmen. Soon, however, Parliament was persuaded to extend protection to all engravings. The history of Hogarth's Act foreshadowed the logic whereby a century later protection was extended first to special and then to ordinary photographs. Together these instances of copyright extension raise the question of to what degree similar patterns are at work in the continuing expansion of copyright today. 相似文献
20.
从成本与收益的角度,研究著作权中合理使用的经济效益和社会效益,指出著作权的合理使用不仅可以提高著作权人收益,而且也可以扩大作品的宣传,增加社会公众对著作权作品的接触与利用,有利于社会公共文化的繁荣与发展,符合帕累托标准。为著作权中合理使用制度的修订提供理论参考依据。 相似文献