共查询到20条相似文献，搜索用时 31 毫秒
1.
Jacint Jordana Xavier Fern ndez David Sancho Yanina Welp 《The Information Society》2005,21(5):341-351
We examine the effect of public policy on the growth of Internet use. Using a decentralized country—Spain—as an example, we compare the 17 Spanish regions to test different Internet policy designs, taking into account the quality and number of specific programs promoted by regional governments, as well as the presence or absence of strategic planning in each region. We treat the percentage of Internet users as a dependent variable to compare its diffusion in different territories. Our findings show that educational levels and economic differences explain about half of the variations observed. Furthermore, the regional policies play a significant role in explaining regional variations. We investigate which public policy instruments are more significant for the development of the Internet, and find that focused policy intervention and complex policy initiatives are more significant than other policy instruments in explaining the increase in the percentage of Internet users. 相似文献
2.
Reza Rajabiun 《The Information Society》2019,35(2):81-94
AbstractAs access to the Internet has become increasingly essential for social and economic participation, public domain Internet measurements have become indispensable for users to validate quality of service their network operator delivers and for policymakers to identify and address gaps in broadband infrastructure. This article evaluates public domain Internet performance measurements available for assessing the state of connectivity and developing universal access service quality standards in Canada. The analysis suggests that different approaches to Internet measurement represent complementary windows into a complex and fast evolving reality of broadband connectivity. Despite their potential shortcomings, large-scale crowdsourced open data network testing platforms have a central role to play in enabling broadband infrastructure policy coordination across different levels of government, empowerment of consumers, and achievement of universal service objectives for quality of service users experience when accessing the open Internet. 相似文献
3.
Addressing the reasons for—and the solutions to—the “digital divide” has been on the public agenda since the emergence of the Internet. However, the term has meant quite different things, depending on the audience and the context, and these competing interpretations may in fact orient toward different policy outcomes. The goals of this article are twofold. First, the authors unpack the term “digital divide” and examine how it has been deployed and interpreted across a range of academic and policy discourses. Second, through a framing experiment embedded within a nationally representative survey, the authors demonstrate how presenting respondents with two different conceptual frames of the digital divide may lead to different perceptions of who is most accountable for addressing the issue. From this, they discuss the dynamic relationship between the construction and communication of policy discourse and the public understanding of the digital divide, as well as implications for effective communication about the digital divide and information and communication technology policy to the general public. 相似文献
4.
《普罗米修斯》2012,30(1):31-50
Abstract This paper examines how federal systems of government in Canada and Australia deal with the challenges of promoting regional innovation and knowledge‐based industries. It focuses on selected cases of federal and regional (provincial or municipally based) policy initiatives and structures that support cross‐sector collaboration between ‘knowledge institutions’ (such as universities) and locally based industries. The study reveals both anticipated commonalities in and unexpected differences between the Canadian and Australian innovation environments and policy approaches. Federalism, resource‐based economies and sparse population have led to similar concerns and solutions. However, building local innovation systems and networks is a question of building on social capital and Canada seems rather more inventive and effective than Australia in turning social capital into sustainable organisations. Several regions of Canada have developed very strong community involvement in networks and institutions for improving technological skills, awareness and programmes—examples which provide valuable lessons for Australia. 相似文献
5.
Pyungho Kim 《The Information Society》2013,29(1):41-44
The spectacular growth of the Internet in Korea has propelled her to the very top of the international rankings based on technology peneration statistics. The resulting international attention and national pride have fostered the notion of “Korea—a strong Internet nation.” The ready embrace of this idea by officials and the public at large has made a critical evaluation almost an anathema. This article reviews the published critiques, which have been rare and scattered, and opens up the “what next” question for an unbounded discussion. 相似文献
6.
Public procurement has been at the centre of recent discussions on innovation policy. We embed it into the broader framework of public policies to stimulate innovation: regulations, R&D subsidies and basic research at universities. We synthesize the characteristics of all four instruments conceptionally and quantitatively compare their effects on innovation success for 1100 firms in Germany. We find that public procurement and knowledge spillovers from universities propel innovation success equally. The benefits of university knowledge apply uniformly to all firms. However, public procurement is especially effective for smaller firms in regions under economic stress and in distributive or technological services. 相似文献
7.
智慧城市是信息技术创新应用并嵌入到社会服务与管理的智慧表现。本文构建基于“资源效用-技术结构-应用领域”的智慧城市政策工具分析框架,运用文本内容分析与社会网络分析方法对2011年以来我国智慧城市政策进行演进脉络、政策网络关系、阶段性共现主题词和政策工具分析。研究发现：（1）我国智慧城市政策经历了感知基础架构与顶层设计、智慧产业培育与创新驱动、智慧应用领域异构化发展三个演进阶段;（2）第一阶段政策主题涵盖政策目标、基础技术、政策特征和组织体系四个主题词群,第二阶段政策主题是产业结构优化与创新资源协同、创新驱动环境构建、技术标准化与评价,第三个阶段政策主题是数据深度融合、异构领域应用和政策作用效应;（3）我国智慧城市政策存在结构性非均衡,相较于演进初期衡稳使用的供给型政策工具,环境导向政策工具稳步增加,需求导向政策工具动态匹配;（4）相较于以供给型政策工具为主导的云计算支撑产业层,物联感知平台政策倾向于供给型与环境型组合效用,并深化推动与环境型政策工具适配耦合的智慧应用领域政策。 相似文献
8.
在大数据快速发展的背景下，制定科学、合理的大数据政策体系，支撑大数据高质量发展变得日益迫切。本文通过构建“政策工具-政策主题词”二维分析框架，对2000年以来国家层面有关大数据发展的政策文本进行了分析，从大数据政策的演进脉络、政策关系网络、政策主题词演进态势以及政策工具的使用情况等四个方面探究了大数据政策文本内容。研究结果表明：我国大数据政策发展，大致经历了从强调基础设施建设到关注产业培育与创新，再到构建大数据政策体系的发展过程。在发展的不同阶段，政策主题词与当时的经济、社会、国际环境密切相关。目前我国已经初步建立起大数据政策网络体系，但整体还处于初步发展阶段，大数据政策的顶层设计还不健全，现有政策工具中知识产权保护类政策工具和政府采购类政策工具使用较少等，仍需要进一步加强完善。 相似文献
9.
运用系统动力学构建科技创新政策对区域创新能力影响机理模型,通过模型中的反馈控制理论研究不同政策对区域创新能力的影响机理。研究发现科技创新政策利用不同的政策工具在会产生显著的效果差异。 相似文献
10.
基于企业技术创新激励的环境工具的最优选择——利用排序多元Logit模型及离散计数数据模型的实证分析 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
以往关于环境政策工具对企业技术创新激励效应的研究都是基于简单的线性回归分析,不能对环境政策工具的企业技术创新激励效应进行明确的比较与排序。有鉴于此,本文首先采用排序多元Logit模型,基于上海市相关数据,对排放标准、排污费、补贴及排污许可证,四种环境政策工具进行比较与排序。研究发现,工业废水排放量、废气排放量与政府对该产业施行的环境政策工具从补贴、排放许可证、排污费到排放标准的选择概率成反比;产业集中度、技术创新与政府对该产业施行的环境政策工具从补贴、排放许可证、排污费到排放标准的选择概率成正比。其次,本文通过模型预测发现,上海市各产业目前实际实施的环境政策工具与预测环境政策工具之间存在差异,并得出各产业的最优环境政策工具的选择。最后,通过离散计数数据模型得出,四种环境政策工具对企业技术创新都有正的激励效应,其排序为：补贴、排污费、排污许可证、排放标准。研究成果可以为政府选择最优环境政策工具提供决策依据。 相似文献
11.
在传统的创新系统、环境系统和能源系统等多重影响因素的基础上,尝试纳入政策工具系统,构建P-IEE分析框架,以太阳能技术为例,通过整体检验和分组检验综合探寻政策工具对可再生能源技术创新能力的影响。整体检验结果发现:需求拉动和技术推动政策工具对太阳能技术创新能力提升均有促进作用,比较而言,需求拉动工具中的价格型工具比数量型工具的促进作用更为显著;分组检验结果显示:资源不丰富地区太阳能技术创新能力主要受技术推动工具的影响,而在资源丰富地区,需求拉动工具中的价格型工具促进作用更为显著。 相似文献
12.
《Research Policy》2022,51(10):104585
Governments around the world try to accelerate sociotechnical change toward sustainability by introducing policy mixes that combine technology-push and demand-pull instruments. Beyond innovation and deployment, other objectives, such as domestic job and industry creation, are usually part of these policy mixes. However, little is known about how policy mixes should be designed and interactions between policy instruments considered when governments try to achieve multiple objectives simultaneously. We address these questions using an agent-based model of the sociotechnical system for solar photovoltaics in Germany that simulates technology adoption, industry dynamics, international spillovers and trade. By changing public spending on research and development and the solar feed-in tariff, forty-five variations of the historical policy mix in Germany are systematically evaluated. The results show that a narrow focus on innovation and deployment outcomes by academic researchers can lead to recommendations for the design of policy mixes that compromise key dimensions of sociotechnical change, such as job creation. Moreover, the simulations reveal that, because of path-dependent interactions between policy instruments, minor changes in the design of policy instruments can lead to vastly different policy outcomes. These findings have important implications for the literature on policy mixes, technology-push and demand-pull instruments, and sociotechnical transitions. 相似文献
13.
This paper explores links between the development of innovation theory since the late 1970s, and the evolution of innovation policy ideas, primarily in the 1990s. The argument is that there is a close connection between theory and policy, so that theory and policy learning can be seen as an integrated, co-evolving and interactive process. We analyse the theory-policy learning link in terms of two phases. We suggest that the complex economic crisis of the 1970s created an opening for rival analyses of events. During the 1980s, the development of evolutionary theories (pioneered by Nelson and Winter) and of empirically-based theories of the innovation process (pioneered by Nathan Rosenberg) created a framework in which policy agencies could consider heterodox ideas concerning objectives and instruments of public policy. By the early 1990s policy-makers, particularly in Europe, came to see RTD and innovation policies not just as important arenas of action in themselves, but as instruments towards more wide ranging policy objectives. The policy agencies involved, though hierarchical, were characterised by relatively open structures that permitted a degree of intellectual diversity: so organisations like the OECD and the European Commission played a central role, whereas the World Bank, for example, did not. Increasing policy interest stimulated a second phase of research in the 1990s, sponsored both nationally and by various EU programmes, in which expanding the innovation-oriented knowledge base became a significant objective for policy-makers. The paper argues that the theory-policy link has been central to the intellectual development of this field, which would have been impossible within the constraints of existing disciplinary structures and university funding systems. At the same time the analytical achievements have permitted a wide expansion in the conceptualization of policy targets and in the design of instruments available to policy-makers. In a sense, this is itself an evolutionary story: of a crisis and a conjunctural niche that permitted the creation and (so far) survival of a set of diverse and certainly non-conventional ideas. 相似文献
14.
Gregor Petrič 《The Information Society》2013,29(5):291-301
The researchers working on information society measures have recently started to consider how people use the Internet not only as a tool but also as a platform for social relations. As the ultimate objective of information society measures is to provide reliable guidelines for social policy, finding criteria for separating “positive” uses of Internet from “negative” ones is an important task. This article employs the concepts of communicative and strategic action as defined by Habermas for that purpose. A general conceptual typology of three communicative and three strategic social uses of Internet is offered, which can be applied to measure uses of any of the Internet's interactive services. A specific empirical application to social uses of personal web sites demonstrates that the deduced measurement instruments achieve satisfying levels of validity and reliability. 相似文献
15.
Andrea L. Kavanaugh Debbie Denise Reese John M. Carroll Mary Beth Rosson 《The Information Society》2013,29(2):119-131
Communities with high levels of social capital are likely to have a higher quality of life than communities with low social capital. This is due to the greater ability of such communities to organize and mobilize effectively for collective action because they have high levels of social trust, dense social networks, and well-established norms of mutuality (the major features of social capital). Communities with “bridging” social capital (weak ties across groups) as well as “bonding” social capital (strong ties within groups) are the most effective in organizing for collective action. People who belong to multiple groups act as bridging ties. When people with bridging ties use communication media, such as the Internet, they enhance their capability to educate community members and to organize, as needed, for collective action. This article summarizes evidence from stratified household survey data in Blacksburg, VA, showing that people with weak (bridging) ties across groups have higher levels of community involvement, civic interest, and collective efficacy than people without bridging ties among groups. Moreover, heavy Internet users with bridging ties have higher social engagement, use the Internet for social purposes, and have been attending more local meetings and events since going online than heavy Internet users with no bridging ties. These findings may suggest that the Internet—in the hands of bridging individuals–is a tool for enhancing social relations and information exchange, and for increasing face-to-face interaction, all of which help to build both bonding and bridging social capital in communities. 相似文献
16.
环保产业是连接环境与经济的桥梁,是“十三五”时期国家的重点建设内容,为更有效地促进环保产业发展,有必要对众多环保产业政策工具进行比较。本文基于国外经验及中国实际构建了中国环保产业政策工具分类的概念模型,并在此基础上应用中国环保产业营业收入和三类六项政策工具的1995-2014年数据构建GRA-VAR模型,通过测度政策工具对环保产业的重要程度及影响比较环保产业多项政策工具。研究得出：在促进环保产业发展三类政策中,科技政策工具最优、经济政策工具次之、法制政策工具最弱。其中,科技政策工具中代表成果的细分工具在六项细分工具中排名第五;经济政策工具作为经济手段,其与环保产业的关联程度高于另两类行政手段与环保产业的平均关联程度。 相似文献
17.
The dominant understanding of Internet censorship posits that blocking access to foreign-based websites creates isolated communities of Internet users. We question this discourse for its assumption that if given access people would use all websites. We develop a conceptual framework that integrates access blockage with social structures to explain Web users’ choices, and argue that users visit websites they find culturally proximate and that access blockage matters only when such sites are blocked. We examine the case of China, where online blockage is notoriously comprehensive, and compare Chinese Web usage patterns with those elsewhere. Analyzing audience traffic among the 1000 most visited websites, we find that websites cluster according to language and geography. Chinese websites constitute one cluster, which resembles other such geolinguistic clusters in terms of both its composition and its degree of isolation. Our sociological investigation reveals a greater role of cultural proximity than access blockage in explaining online behaviors. 相似文献
18.
《Research Policy》2019,48(9):103801
While there is a general consensus that young innovative companies (YICs) need special attention by public policy which should aim at alleviating the financial constraints these firms commonly suffer, much less agreement has been reached on the most effective policy instruments reputed to accomplish the task. In this respect, if the scientific debate has very much revolved around the dilemma about the crowding-in or crowding-out effect of public R&D subsidies to firms, there is a dearth of scientific studies which analyse the effectiveness and potential interrelations of different policy instruments which at the same time and in the same institutional context are offered to YICs. By taking advantage of the Italian Startup Act issued in 2012, we analyse, for the first time, the possible existence of interrelationships between firm access to a Government-guaranteed (GG) bank loan programme and fiscal incentives for venture capital (VC) equity investments. Results suggest two important facts. First, the two mechanisms appear to be functional to different typologies of YICs. Second, VC investments significantly reduce the probability to access GG bank loans. Overall, our analysis highlights a sort of “institutional division of labour” between the two measures and depicts what we label as a Task segmentation effect. 相似文献
19.
本文基于Howlett和Ramesh政策工具分类方法,并结合我国科技人才评价政策发展阶段研究构建X-Y二维分析框架,通过对2006年以来我国的13个关于科技人才评价的政策文本进行文本收集、筛选、编码和量化统计,分别从X维度、Y维度及两维度结合等三方面分析政策工具演进及组合使用情况,最终为优化我国科技人才评价机制提供政策参考。研究结果表明：我国科技人才评价政策工具的使用以政府决策为主导,社会力量参与程度相对较低;政策工具使用量呈阶段递增趋势。结论建议增强政策工具使用平衡性,持续推行分类评价政策,同时加大“四唯”现象清理力度。 相似文献
20.
Policies for science, technology and innovation: Translating rationales into regional policies in a multi-level setting 总被引：4，自引：0，他引：4
Departing from a number of theoretical perspectives from which rationales for science, technology and innovation (STI) policy can be extracted, this paper discusses three questions. First, what rationales for public intervention can be derived from different economic theories, including theories usually associated with spatial dynamics and territorial relationships? Second, what policy instruments or policy-mixes can be associated with the various rationales? Third, what do these theories and associated rationales tell us about the territorial level or levels at which STI policies can usefully be designed and implemented? 相似文献