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对短跑向前摆腿专门力量训练手段的研究 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
一、前言 短跑运动员的专门力量训练手段很多,然而这些手段绝大多数都是用来提高后蹬、扒地力量的,提高大腿前摆力量的专门力量练习却很少,一般只采用小腿负沙袋做高抬腿跑和拉胶带向前摆腿两种。 当代短跑训练越来越重视提高途中跑的绝对速度,而提高摆腿能力是提高途中跑速度的重要途径,这一点被人们越来越清楚地认识到了。因此,通过各种专门训练手段来提高运动员摆腿的速度和快速转换能力显得特别重要。 相似文献
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我国以往短跑训练以速度为核心，在大量途中跑和加速跑中改进技术和提高跑的能力，专门性力量训练相对较少。而美国的短跑训练是以专项力量练习为基础，辅之以专门性练习和途中跑，从而形成合理的短跑技术。专项力量训练被作为改进技术的重要内容。其更加符合现代短跑运动项目的特性和关键技术的要求，具有更大的实效性，也表现出更强的科学合理性。 相似文献
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短跑的全程技术包括起跑、疾跑和途中跑、终点冲线三个部分。而中学短跑教学则应着重教好途中跑,因为这是决定跑速和跑的能力重要因素。途中跑要求保持起跑疾跑后的速度和发挥最大速度,而速度高低很大程度又决定于后蹬、高抬腿两个要素,故教学中要首先解决后蹬、高抬腿两个重点技术环节。学生跑时出现的错误、缺点有不少都和这两个重点问题解决得不好有关,因此教学中必须通过多种跑的专门练习和辅助练习来增强腿部力量,使学生掌握好这两个环节。学生在短跑练习中容易产生的主要错误有如下三种: 1、坐着跑。产生原因是后蹬没有充分发挥,后腿没有蹬直,髋关节没有伸展,重心低。 2、前摆大腿抬不高,下压不积极。产生原因址大腿肌肉和腹肌力量差。 相似文献
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现代短跑技术理论对短跑专门性练习的启示 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
通过文献资料法对现代短跑技术理论中途中跑的动力来源、途中跑的屈蹬技术、途中跑的支撑阶段、心理调试在短跑技术训练中的运用、短跑的放松技术进行回顾,总结认为：途中跑中两大腿应以髋为轴进行剪绞—制动;曲蹬时重心应相对放低,着地时间要短;要系统地看待短跑专门性练习。由半高抬小步跑、折叠高摆腿、小车轮跑这三个练习手段按照其固定顺序组成跑的专门性练习组合是比较合理的。 相似文献
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短跑技术教学应以途中跑为基础,为了使学生掌握正确的短跑技术,提高跑的速度,在教学中除了大量采用不同距离,不同速度的加速跑,反复跑,行进间跑之外,还可把发展身体素质的练习和技术练习结合进行。如采用各种跳跃练习,跑的专门性练习,快速力量和柔韧性练习等发展学生的身体素质,提高动作的协调性。 相似文献
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1 跑的专门练习系列组合训练的提出短跑的明显特点是通过腿部力量和正确的技术来产生最大的身体水平速度。短跑训练的实质在一定程度上就是逐步提高机体在缺氧状态下的协调活动能力。而优异成绩的取得不仅要依赖于素质水平的提高,还与跑者所掌握的技术,特别是正确的途中跑技术是否合理,意志是否顽强有直接关系。近年来,随着国际体育交往增多,我们有机会观看一些国际田径比赛,从比赛现场或电视录相观摩中,我们可以看到,一些外国优秀短跑运动员在紧张激烈的角逐中,他们跑的动作非常放松自然,尤其是在高速途中跑 相似文献
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短跑是田径运动的基础,就中小学生的年龄特征和生理特点来看,从事短跑练习,有利于青少年身体素质的全面发展。所以在中小学的教学大纲中,短跑教学所占的学时比重是相当大的。但是,在日常的教学过程中,短跑途中跑的教法又是带有普遍性的问题。目前短跑途中跑的教法,一般是在教学的开始阶段,用大量的教学时间来学习“跑的专门性练习”,如小步跑、高抬腿跑、后蹬跑等。由于这些专门性练习与人们的日常生活中的动作机能差别很大,所以学习起来既困难,又费时;而学习途中跑技术的时间却很少。即使学会了“跑的专门性练习”,根据我们的观察,许多学生仍然掌握不好途中跑的技术功作。这种教法从小学到大学,从五十年代起,一直被延用至今。因此,这种 相似文献
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王廷鹏 《天津体育学院学报》1995,10(3):22-25
通过肌电图分析跑的专门练习与途中跑各相应环节肌肉用力特点。表明小步跑与后蹬跑在训练中应有针对性的运用；三种专门性练习均是提高某些身体素质的有效方法。 相似文献
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通过高速测量及图片解析法,数理统计和灰色关联分析等方法,对10名一级左右的短跑运动员在塔当跑道和软性塑胶跑道上的短跑途中跑技术进行了对比,探讨了软性塑胶跑道是如何通过改变支撑阶段的技术使此练习产生专项力量训练效应的.结果表明:软性塑胶跑道较常规跑道更软,在其上进行奔跑时,会受到类似于沙地的综合阻力,并使此练习的技术产生相应的改变.在其上进行各种跑跳练习不仅有助于防减运动损伤,还可有效地发展短跑专项力量;在软性塑胶跑道上进行短跑练习的专项力量训练价值体现在力量训练的专项性和全面性. 相似文献
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BackgroundHamstring injury is one of the most common injuries in sports involving sprinting. Hamstring flexibility and strength are often considered to be modifiable risk factors in hamstring injury. Understanding the effects of hamstring flexibility or strength training on the biomechanics of the hamstring muscles during sprinting could assist in improving prevention strategies and rehabilitation related to these injuries. The purpose of this study was to determine the effects of altering hamstring flexibility or strength on peak hamstring musculotendinous strain during sprinting.MethodsA total of 20 male college students (aged 18–24 years) participated and were randomly assigned to either a flexibility intervention group or a strength intervention group. Each participant executed exercise training 3 times a week for 8 weeks. Flexibility, sprinting, and isokinetic strength testing were performed before and after the 2 interventions. Paired t tests were performed to determine hamstring flexibility or strength intervention effects on optimal hamstring musculotendinous lengths and peak hamstring musculotendinous strains during sprinting.ResultsParticipants in the flexibility intervention group significantly increased the optimal musculotendinous lengths of the semimembranosus and biceps long head (p ≤ 0.026) and decreased peak musculotendinous strains in all 3 bi-articulate hamstring muscles (p ≤ 0.004). Participants in the strength-intervention group significantly increased the optimal musculotendinous lengths of all 3 hamstring muscles (p ≤ 0.041) and significantly decreased their peak musculotendinous strain during sprinting (p ≤ 0.017).ConclusionIncreasing hamstring flexibility or strength through exercise training may assist in reducing the risk of hamstring injury during sprinting for recreational male athletes. 相似文献
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Moir G Sanders R Button C Glaister M 《Sports biomechanics / International Society of Biomechanics in Sports》2007,6(3):285-300
The purpose of this study was to assess the effect of periodized resistance training on accelerative sprint performance. Sixteen physically active men participated in a randomized controlled study. An experimental group (n = 10) completed an 8-week periodized resistance training intervention, while a control group (n = 6) did not train. Pre- and post-training measures of 20-m straight-line sprint time, including a 10-m split, maximum strength, and explosive strength, were recorded. Flight time, stance time, stride length, and stride frequency were quantified from digitized video recordings of the first three strides of the 20-m sprint. Resistance training resulted in significant increases in maximum strength (parallel back squat: 19%) and explosive strength (6-10%). However, both groups increased 0-10 m sprint times (experimental group = 6%; control group = 3%) while 10-20m times were reduced (experimental group = 7%; control group = 4%), highlighting the mechanical differences between the distinct sprint phases. The change during the 0-10m interval was accompanied by a reduction in stride frequency during the first three strides. Strength coaches should be aware that the potential benefits of increased muscular strength during short sprints are likely to be affected by mechanical specificity and that improvements in sprinting performance may not occur immediately after a period of resistance training. 相似文献
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Thomas Haugen Espen Tonnessen Svein Leirstein Erlend Hem Stephen Seiler 《Journal of sports sciences》2014,32(20):1979-1986
AbstractThe aim of the present study was to investigate the effect of training at an intensity eliciting 90% of maximal sprinting speed on maximal and repeated-sprint performance in soccer. It was hypothesised that sprint training at 90% of maximal velocity would improve soccer-related sprinting. Twenty-two junior club-level male and female soccer players (age 17 ± 1 year, body mass 64 ± 8 kg, body height 174 ± 8 cm) completed an intervention study where the training group (TG) replaced one of their weekly soccer training sessions with a repeated-sprint training session performed at 90% of maximal sprint speed, while the control group (CG) completed regular soccer training according to their teams’ original training plans. Countermovement jump, 12 × 20-m repeated-sprint, VO2max and the Yo-Yo Intermittent Recovery Level 1 test were performed prior to and after a 9-week intervention period. No significant between-group differences were observed for any of the performance indices and effect magnitudes were trivial or small. Before rejecting the hypothesis, we recommend that future studies should perform intervention programmes with either stronger stimulus or at other times during the season where total training load is reduced. 相似文献
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Pedro Ángel Latorre Román Francisco Javier Villar Macias Felipe García Pinillos 《Journal of sports sciences》2018,36(7):802-808
The purpose of this study was to examine the effects of a 10 week contrast training (CT) programme (isometric + plyometric) on jumping, sprinting abilities and agility performance in prepubertal basketball players. Fifty-eight children from a basketball academy (age: 8.72 ± 0.97 years; body mass index: 17.22 ± 2.48 kg/m2) successfully completed the study. Participants were randomly assigned to experimental groups (EG, n = 30) and control groups (CG, n = 28). The CT programme was included in the experimental group’s training sessions – twice a week – as part of their usual weekly training regime. This programme included 3 exercises: 1 isometric and 2 plyometric. Jumping, sprinting and agility performance were assessed before and after the training programme. Significant differences were found in posttest between EG and CG in sprint and T-test: EG showed better results than CG. Furthermore, there were significant differences in posttest-pretest between EG and CG in squat jump, countermovement jump, drop jump, sprint and T-test with the EG showing better results than CG. The CT programme led to increases in vertical jump, sprint and agility levels, so that the authors suggest that prepubertal children exhibit high muscular strength trainability. 相似文献
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Gavin Moir Ross Sanders Chris Button Mark Glaister 《Sports biomechanics / International Society of Biomechanics in Sports》2013,12(3):285-300
The purpose of this study was to assess the effect of periodized resistance training on accelerative sprint performance. Sixteen physically active men participated in a randomized controlled study. An experimental group (n = 10) completed an 8-week periodized resistance training intervention, while a control group (n = 6) did not train. Pre- and post-training measures of 20-m straight-line sprint time, including a 10-m split, maximum strength, and explosive strength, were recorded. Flight time, stance time, stride length, and stride frequency were quantified from digitized video recordings of the first three strides of the 20-m sprint. Resistance training resulted in significant increases in maximum strength (parallel back squat: 19%) and explosive strength (6–10%). However, both groups increased 0–10 m sprint times (experimental group = 6%; control group = 3%) while 10–20 m times were reduced (experimental group = 7%; control group = 4%), highlighting the mechanical differences between the distinct sprint phases. The change during the 0–10 m interval was accompanied by a reduction in stride frequency during the first three strides. Strength coaches should be aware that the potential benefits of increased muscular strength during short sprints are likely to be affected by mechanical specificity and that improvements in sprinting performance may not occur immediately after a period of resistance training. 相似文献
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张佑磊 《体育科技文献通报》2011,19(12):145-147
表面肌电图也称动态肌电图和运动肌电图,是用表面电极采集肌肉活动产生的电活动的图形。目前,表面肌电图应用已经深入临床康复、运动医学、生物工程和体育等诸多领域。在运动生物力学研究中,表面肌电图主要用于肌肉力量评定、肌肉疲劳的诊断和神经肌肉功能的评价上,用于运动技术服务,指导运动训练,防止运动损伤。本文对表面肌电图在运动生物力学研究中的应用做一综述。 相似文献
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为了探讨广西柳州市业余蹼泳队在夏季训练中加入力量训练的实效性,本文通过文献法、数理分析法以及实验法对广西柳州市业余蹼泳队在夏季训练中加入力量训练的实效性进行比较和分析。结果显示：运动员在一个周期内经过科学的、水陆结合的力量训练后,运动成绩的提升幅度要比夏季训练中不加入力量训练的运动成绩提升幅度大,建议教练员在安排夏季训练计划时,重视运用陆上专项力量训练和水下专项力量训练的训练方法来提高运动员的运动水平和运动成绩。 相似文献
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表面肌电图是从肌肉表面通过电极引导、记录下来的神经肌肉系统活动时的生物电信号。文章测定了山西省12名射箭运动员在日常训练时6块肌肉的肌电信号,并与国家队队员肌电信号进行对比分析和探索山西省射箭运动员技术特征。 相似文献