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1.
Abstract Research examining problem representations of individuals during task performance is advancing our understanding of information processing and expertise in a variety of sports. However, few studies using similar methodology have been conducted on individuals of various competitive standards in one domain in similar contexts. This study examined problem representations of adult advanced beginners and entry-level professionals accessed during singles tennis competition (n = 12). These groups were selected to represent players with performance skills that were different from those studied previously (i.e. adult beginners and varsity players). Immediate recall and planning interviews were conducted between points during singles tennis competition. Players competed within their respective expertise groups. Verbal reports were transcribed verbatim and concepts were scored according to a model of protocol structure. Several multivariate analyses of variance were conducted on rank scores for measures of concept content and structure using the L-statistic. Entry-level professionals exhibited more advanced problem representations than advanced beginners regardless of interview type. These findings together with those of previous research suggest adaptations in long-term memory profiles with increases in performance skills. For example, beginners lacked action plan and current event profiles because they generated goals and reiterated game events during both interviews. Advanced beginners, who had better performance skills than beginners, exhibited rudimentary action plan profiles and deficient current event profiles because they generated and monitored several detailed actions related to the current context during recall interviews and generated only a few goals during planning interviews. In contrast, varsity players and professionals processed tactical information in the current context and beyond denoting the existence of both action plan and current event profiles. Varsity players, with inferior performance skills than professionals, exhibited fewer and less associated tactical concepts than professionals during both interviews. 相似文献
2.
McPherson SL 《Research quarterly for exercise and sport》1999,70(4):369-384
Youth tennis experts' tactical problem representations have been linked to their superior response selections during competition (McPherson & Thomas, 1989). To expand this research to adults, collegiate varsity (experts, n = 6) and beginner (novices, n = 6) female tennis players participated in an interview session to elicit problem representations and solutions to six tennis game situations. Interviews, transcribed verbatim, were coded for accuracy in solutions to each situation. Novices did not generate any solutions (actions), while experts generated similar and tactical solutions. Quantitative analysis of verbal data revealed expertise differences in problem representations and solution processes. Mann-Whitney U tests revealed that experts accessed more tactical and associated response selection and response execution concepts than novices. Findings indicate that experts will generate specialized cognitive processes to develop, monitor, and regulate their condition profiles and action plans during competition. 相似文献
3.
Expert-novice differences in performance skills and problem representations of youth and adults during tennis competition. 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
S L McPherson 《Research quarterly for exercise and sport》1999,70(3):233-251
Expert and novice tennis players selected from three different age groups (i.e., 10-11 years, 12-13 years, and collegiate adults) were examined for differences in performance skills (i.e., behavioral analyses of video recordings) and problem representations (i.e., verbal report analyses of tape recordings) during matched competition. Factorial analyses of variance on behavioral measures indicated that experts' performances exhibited higher levels of decision and execution than novices, regardless of age. Kruskal-Wallis tests on verbal report measures indicated that experts generated more total, varied, and sophisticated condition and action concepts than novices. Within experts, adults accessed more sophisticated problem representations than youth. Both current event and action plan profiles guided and mediated adult experts' response selections and executions, respectively. Youth experts primarily used action plan profiles to guide their response selections. Novices, regardless of age, accessed weak problem representations. 相似文献
4.
文章通过对我国优秀女子网球单打选手与世界优秀女子网球单打选手的比赛录像分析,进一步诊断与评价我国优秀女子网球单打选手的技战术运用特征。结果表明,我国优秀女子网球单打选手的一发成功率较高,得分率较差,发球的攻击性不足;非受迫性失误较高,接发球得分率和破发点较差。发球抢攻技术、接发球抢攻技术以及上网技术的使用率比较低。得分方式有17.8%是靠主动得分,45.3%是靠对手的非受迫性失误得分,36.9%是靠对手的受迫性失误得分;失分的主要方式为非受迫性失误。 相似文献
5.
张潮 《体育科技文献通报》2014,(11):51-52
采用文献资料法、数理统计法,对中国女子网球单打运动员与对手的比赛相关技术参数进行统计学分析,提取、分析10项原指标,采用因子分析的方法,提取影响中国女子网球运动员单打技战术因素的4个共性因子,并解释其含义。 相似文献
6.
Nikki S. Kolman Tamara Kramer Marije T. Elferink-Gemser Chris Visscher 《Journal of sports sciences》2019,37(1):108-121
The aim of this systematic review is to provide an overview of outcome measures and instruments identified in the literature for examining technical and tactical skills in tennis related to performance levels. Such instruments can be used to identify talent or the specific skill development training needs of particular players. Searches for this review were conducted using the PubMed, Web of Science, and PsycInfo databases. Out of 733 publications identified through these searches, 40 articles were considered relevant and included in this study. They were divided into three categories: (1) technical skills, (2) tactical skills and (3) integrated technical and tactical skills. There was strong evidence that technical skills (ball velocity and to a lesser extent ball accuracy) and tactical skills (decision making, anticipation, tactical knowledge and visual search strategies) differed among players according to their performance levels. However, integrated measurement of these skills is required, because winning a point largely hinges on a tactical decision to perform a particular stroke (i.e., technical execution). Therefore, future research should focus on examining the relationship between these skills and tennis performance and on the development of integrated methods for measuring these skills. 相似文献
7.
运用录像观察、数理统计等方法,对李娜和小威在2010年澳网单打比赛中的技、战术指标进行统计,分析了世界优秀女子职业网球选手技战术及打法特点,探寻世界男女子职业网球选手的竞技能力特征,以期为我国女子网球的发展提供建议。 相似文献
8.
Abstract The Kemp-Vincent Rally Test of tennis skill was constructed to overcome the criticisms of available tennis skills tests. The major criticisms have been that current tests do not measure skills under game conditions, require the use of special equipment or line markings, and the time involved in their administration is prohibitive. In the Kemp-Vincent Rally Test the students rally as in a game situation, a relatively short time period is involved, and no special equipment or court markings are needed. The validity of the Kemp-Vincent Rally Test was found to be .84 for beginners and .93 for intermediate players when correlated with round robin tournament rankings. When validated against the Iowa revision of the Dyer test, the validity coefficient was .80. Test-retest reliability coefficients were .86 for beginners and .90 for intermediate players. 相似文献
9.
刘巍 《体育科技文献通报》2011,19(4):38-39
运用文献资料、数理统计和录像资料等方法,对2009年澳网男单决赛费德勒和纳达尔的比赛进行统计研究分析。对决赛中两人的发球、接发、网前得分率、非受迫性失误等方面对两位决赛选手进行比较分析。结果表明不同类型打法的球员有不同的技战术特点,不同的得分手段。为此对平时的网球训练也提出了更高的要求。 相似文献
10.
采用文献资料、数理统计、对比分析等方法,对李娜、彭帅、郑洁以及WTA排名世界前十的网球选手进行对比分析。通过研究得出,我国女子职业网球单打技术不全面,临场战术运用能力差,心里等非技术因素有待提高。同时要因材施教,与国际接轨,提高教练员水平。从而真正意义上提高国内职业女子网球单打的国际竞争力。 相似文献
11.
中国优秀青年乒乓球运动员战术特征分析 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
近年来,乒乓球规则发生了3次重大变革,以2003年1月参加中国青年奥运集训比赛的114名运动员的1 128场比赛的现场统计为依据,分析不同竞技水平的男、女运动员在战术方面的差异及原因,并在此基础上指出目前国际乒乓球运动的发展趋势及中国乒乓球队在战术训练上应注意的问题和对策。 相似文献
12.
王宏武 《体育科技文献通报》2021,(1):89-90
在网球这项运动里,对于中低水平的网球运动者网前属于是一个令人害怕的地方。但是了解了网前的基本截击技术并知道什么时候打球把球打到哪里,再掌握截击这项技术将会容易。初学者上网时会感觉到不知所措,这是很正常的现象。就击球时间而言,截击比底线击球需要更快的反应。此外面对快速的回击球也会出现害怕的情感。但是对于想要提高自己的竞技能力的初学者和中级水平的球员,拥有良好的网前截击技术是必需的。随着教学比赛,以及高校网球比赛的增多以及比赛的需要网前得分又是非常重要的得分手段。 相似文献
13.
Abstract The purpose of this study was to investigate differences between the oversized racquet and the standard-sized racquet in (1) a tennis shot accuracy test on four basic strokes (ground strokes, volley, return of serve, and serve), and (2) a measure of players' subjective evaluation of playability (control, accuracy, power, and feel). Research participants (n = 57) were undergraduate students separated into two skill levels, intermediate (n = 29) and beginners (n = 28). Data were analyzed using a two-factor ANOVA with repeated measures on one factor. Result from the skills tests indicated that both beginning and intermediate groups scores significantly higher when using the oversized racquet. The scores received when using the oversized racquet tended to reflect a general increase in all four components of the skill test, particularly the return of serve. Data indicated that the subjective evaluation of the playing characteristic of each racquet was influenced by the player's skill level. Beginning players favored the oversized racquet, yet intermediate players rated the two racquet types about equal. The investigation suggests that beginning and intermediate tennis players, educators, and tennis teaching professionals should consider using and encouraging the use of oversized racquets. 相似文献
14.
通过在乒乓球球拍的拍把上加装加速度传感器,并开发相应的击球力量训练数据实时采集系统,实时采集乒乓球运动员训练时挥拍的加速度数据,通过运动学和动力学分析,得出乒乓球运动员挥拍的速度、位移和力量等实时动态参数,并以曲线的形式实时、直观地显示给教练员和运动员,为教练员了解乒乓球运动员挥拍的力量等数据提供科学手段,为制订有针对性的技战术和体能训练计划提供科学依据。此外,采集的训练数据实时存储在后台数据库中,便于对运动员的击球力量等数据进行长期、科学的跟踪,以提高运动训练监控的针对性和科学化水平,提高乒乓球运动员的运动水平和比赛成绩 相似文献
15.
Sicong Liu Jason Ritchie Camilo Sáenz-Moncaleano Savanna K. Ward Cody Paulsen Tyler Klein 《European Journal of Sport Science》2017,17(5):603-610
This study aimed at exploring whether 3D technology enhances tennis decision-making under the conceptual framework of human performance model. A 3 (skill-level: varsity, club, recreational)?×?3 (experimental condition: placebo, weak 3D [W3D], strong 3D [S3D]) between-participant design was used. Allocated to experimental conditions by a skill-level stratified randomization, 105 tennis players judged tennis serve direction from video scenarios and rated their perceptions of enjoyment, flow, and presence during task performance. Results showed that varsity players made more accurate decisions than less skilled ones. Additionally, applying 3D technology to typical video displays reduced tennis players’ decision-making accuracy, although wearing the 3D glasses led to a placebo effect that shortened the decision-making reaction time. The unexpected negative effect of 3D technology on decision-making was possibly due to participants being more familiar to W3D than to S3D, and relatedly, a suboptimal task-technology match. Future directions for advancing this area of research are offered.Highlights
3D technology augments binocular depth cues to tradition video displays, and thus results in the attainment of more authentic visual representation. This process enhances task fidelity in researching perceptual-cognitive skills in sports.
The paper clarified both conceptual and methodological difficulties in testing 3D technology in sports settings. Namely, the nomenclature of video footage (with/without 3D technology) and the possible placebo effect (arising from wearing glasses of 3D technology) merit researchers' attention.
Participants varying in level of domain-specific expertise were randomized into viewing conditions using a placebo-controlled design. Measurement consisted of both participants' subjective experience (i.e., presence, flow, and enjoyment) and objective performance (i.e., accuracy and reaction time) in a decision-making task.
Findings revealed that wearing glasses of 3D technology resulted in a placebo effect that shortened participants' reaction times in decision-making. Moreover, participants' decision-making accuracy decreased when viewing video scenarios using 3D technology. The findings generated meaningful implications regarding applying 3D technology to sports research.
16.
Timothy J. Quinn PhD Daniel R. Sedory Brian S. Fisher 《Research quarterly for exercise and sport》2013,84(4):386-389
Abstract The purpose of this study was to examine differences in knowledge representation and problem solutions in expert and novice youth baseball players. Ninety-four players in two age divisions, 7–8 years of age and 9–10 years of age, were assigned to three levels of expertise: high; average; and low skilled. Each subject participated in an interview session to elicit knowledge representation and solutions to five different defensive game situations. Interviews were transcribed and analyzed for content, solution to the problem, errors in problem solution, and qualitative trends. The frequency of advanced solutions to each of the five situations were analyzed in separate chi-square tests for age and expertise. Differences among the levels of expertise were found for the accuracy of solutions to three complex situations. Age was significant for only one situation. Patterns of knowledge content accessed during advanced and less advanced responses indicated both experts and novices were in a beginning stage of developing baseball knowledge structures. Errors in problem solutions indicated children had difficulty monitoring critical conditions and making correct inferences. Players' and teammates' ability to execute baseball skills seemed to influence the content and structure of tactical knowledge accessed during problem solution. 相似文献
17.
通过文献资料法、逻辑分析法、录像观察法、数理统计法等,对目前世界排名前五位的女子网球选手在2012年温网和2013年澳网比赛中的比赛数据进行研究,分析几位选手的技战术特点,总结目前世界女子网球技战术的发展趋势,为女子网球运动的发展提供参考。 相似文献
18.
马仁风 《哈尔滨体育学院学报》2004,22(1)
随着乒乓球规则和技术的变革,广大观众对乒乓球比赛欣赏水平的需求及商机的要求,现代乒乓运动技术水平发生了很大变化。这种变化需要有相应基本技术、战术的训练来适应这些变化。作为培养乒乓球运动后备力量的体校,如何适应这些变化,制定一些切实可行的训练方法和手段,加强基本技术训练,使儿童少年从小打下牢固的技术基础这是极其重要的。就此,对儿童步年的乒乓球基本功、基本技术、身体训练及发扬和发展中国直拍快攻型打法等,提出一些训练意见和对策。 相似文献
19.
王海明 《武汉体育学院学报》2011,45(3):83-87
运用文献资料、特尔菲、层次分析及数理统计等方法构建网球双打运动员战术意识诊断指标体系,并采用调查量表的形式对湖北省5对优秀网球双打运动员的战术意识进行实证。构建出的4个一级指标和15个二级指标的网球双打运动员战术意识诊断指标体系,具有较高的内部一致性,诊断实践发现:湖北省网球双打运动员的战术意识整体处于良好水平,部分选手在攻防转换意识和协作配合意识上还有待加强。 相似文献
20.
Vera Limpens Emma Shoemaker Geert J. P. Savelsbergh Machar Reid 《Research quarterly for exercise and sport》2018,89(1):1-10
Purpose: The net height in tennis (0.91 m) is approximately 50% of a professional tennis player’s height. Children are also expected to play with this net height, even though it is approximately 70% of the average 10-year-old’s height. This study examined the immediate effect of lowering net height on the performance characteristics of skilled junior tennis players aged 10 years and younger. Method: Sixteen players were matched in 8 pairs of even tennis ability and same sex. Each pair played 25-min singles matches in 4 conditions that varied in net height (0.91 m, 0.78 m, 0.65 m, and 0.52 m). Match-play characteristics were analyzed via video replay. Results: Results showed that lowering the net height to 0.65 m and 0.52 m led to players adopting a more attacking style of play, as evidenced by a significant increase in the number of winners without a commensurate increase in errors and more shots struck inside the baseline. Lower nets also led to a greater percentage of successful first serves. The lowest net (0.52 m), however, reduced rally length significantly and therefore decreased hitting opportunities. Conclusion: These results offer support for equipment scaling to enhance match-play performance for skilled junior tennis players. We propose that current net height recommendations for junior tennis should be revised. 相似文献