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Despite the known benefits of habitual exercise in patients with heart disease, less than half of these patients exercise regularly and many of those who initiate programs fail to maintain physical activity routines over the long term. The aim of this research was to examine processes related to short- and long-term regulation of exercise to gain a clearer understanding of why people might fail to maintain intended behavioral changes. We modeled intention formation and plan formulation to investigate the distinct roles of self-efficacy and motivation (self-determination) in different phases of behavior change. Our results showed self-efficacy to be more relevant to exercise intentions and motivation to exercise planning. This research provides evidence supporting the proposition that the psychological processes related to short- and long-term regulation of behavior change differ and suggests that people might fail to continue regulating intended behavior owing to a lack of self-determined motivation. 相似文献
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探讨行为意向与体育锻炼之间的作用机制,以及行为计划、应对计划和行动控制在行为意向对青少年体育锻炼影响中的作用。对1 092名青少年实施问卷调查,并运用结构方程模型分析数据。研究结果表明,两种计划和行动控制分别能够进一步提高对体育锻炼的解释力;行动计划、应对计划和行动控制在行为意向与体育锻炼之间起链式中介作用。行为计划、应对计划和行动控制在行为意向转化为体育锻炼过程中各自发挥不同作用,其中行动控制是行为意向转化为体育锻炼的决定性因素。 相似文献
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M P Noland 《Research quarterly for exercise and sport》1989,60(3):216-224
Two behavioral techniques were assessed to determine their effects on subjects' adherence to unsupervised exercise. The subjects were 35 moderately fit persons who had just completed an adult fitness program (AF group) and 42 sedentary individuals who were recruited through the campus newspaper (NEWS group). Participants were randomly assigned to one of three conditions: (a) self-monitoring, (b) reinforcement supplied by another person, or (c) control. All subjects were given instructions on how to exercise and asked to exercise on their own for 18 weeks. Self-monitoring subjects kept written records of their exercise behavior, while reinforcement subjects verbally reported their exercise behavior to another person who periodically administered rewards. Pre- and posttreatment tests on the NEWS group revealed no significant treatment or interaction effects. However, the reinforcement group had an 11% improvement in predicted max VO2 and a 9 bpm improvement in exercise heart rate compared to 7.8%, 5 bpm for the self-monitoring (SM) group and 5.3%, 6 bpm for the control group. T-tests indicated that reward and SM groups improved significantly on these variables, whereas the control group did not. SM (M = 2.07) and reinforcement (M = 2.29) groups reported a significantly higher frequency of exercise per week than the control (M = 1.36) group. The AF subjects were able to maintain their fitness level (with the exception of a small increase in body fat) over the 18-week period. The behavioral interventions had little differential effect on adherence by AF subjects who were already regular exercisers. 相似文献
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Downs DS Graham GM Yang S Bargainnier S Vasil J 《Research quarterly for exercise and sport》2006,77(1):91-99
The study purposes were to examine: (a) the determinants of exercise intention and past exercise behavior (PEB) using the theories of reasoned action and planned behavior, and (b) the moderating influences of sex and exercise group (meeting or not meeting exercise guidelines). Participants (n = 676 adolescents) completed self-reported measures of their exercise attitude, subjective norm, perceived behavioral control (PBC), intention, and PEB. We found that attitude, subjective norm, and PBC explained 55% of the variance in intention, and intention and PBC explained 51% of the variance in PEB. While we found sex and exercise group differences across the study measures, we did not find evidence of significant moderation. Thus, the theory constructs predicted intention and PEB similarly across sex and exercise groups. 相似文献
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This study was an initial attempt to investigate the relationships among self-efficacy, outcome expectancy, behavioral intention, and actual behavior over time in a beginning weight training class. A total of 109 participants completed questionnaires assessing their self-efficacy, outcome expectancy, and intentions for future weight training. Their attendance and workout logs were calculated as a measure of actual behavior. Correlation analyses revealed significant positive relationships among all the variables during both program periods. Multiple regression analyses indicated that outcome expectancy initially played a more important role than self-efficacy in predicting behavioral intention and actual behavior. However, self-efficacy appeared more influential at midprogram. Findings of this study can enhance our understanding of the determining factors for individuals' motivated behaviors in college physical activity classes. 相似文献
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阳光体育运动对大学生锻炼态度及身体自尊的影响 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
探讨阳光体育运动对大学生锻炼态度及身体自尊的影响。采用《锻炼态度量表》及《身体自尊量表》(PSPP)对阳光体育运动的参与者80人、非参与者80人进行测试研究。结果:(1)8周阳光体育运动对参与者锻炼态度总分影响达到显著水平(P<0.05),行为态度、主观标准影响非常显著(P<0.01),在目标态度、行为认知、行为习惯、行为意向方面达到显著水平(P<0.05),在情感体现、行为控制感方面有一定影响,但未达到显著水平;非参与者锻炼态度无明显变化。(2)8周阳光体育运动对参与者PSPP总分影响达到显著水平(P<0.05),其中身体自我价值感、运动能力、身体素质影响显著(P<0.05),身体状况、身体吸引力影响非常显著(P<0.01);非参与者无明显变化。结论:阳光体育运动促进大学生身体自尊各方面均有上升趋势;有效改善大学生锻炼态度,增强其参与意识、影响其锻炼行为。 相似文献
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This study described the activity patterns of students in a high school fitness class and explored the structural relationships between particular student characteristics and their systematically coded exercise behavior. Although percent of time spent jogging was low (18%), with no gains made in cardiovascular fitness, the amount of time spent jogging, the distance covered, and fitness level were all significantly correlated. A LISREL VI computer program was used to test a structural equation model representing the Fishbein Behavioral-Intention Model. In support of the model, results showed the prediction of exercise behavior by attitude and subjective norm was significantly mediated by intention. Although not significant, it is worth noting that subjective norm was found to be the stronger predictor of intention over attitude. Background variables were found to indirectly influence intention through their significant influence on attitude and subjective norm. For this sample of 9th and 10th graders, significant others, particularly their peers and teachers, had a stronger impact on behavior than personal attitudes about activity. 相似文献
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方敏 《武汉体育学院学报》2011,45(4):52-56
683名中学生完成了行动计划问卷、计划行为理论问卷和自编锻炼行为问卷的测试。分析发现:行动计划在锻炼意图和锻炼行为之间起完全中介作用;行为控制感直接影响行动计划,且影响意图对行动计划和锻炼行为的预测力;整合的TPB模型可显著提高锻炼行为的解释力。该研究表明,行动计划是衔接TPB构念与锻炼行为的重要后动机变量,建议未来应以整合模型进行实验干预研究。 相似文献
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Anna Wasserkampf Jens Kleinert 《International review of sport and exercise psychology》2016,9(1):65-95
In facilitating the adoption of exercise behavior, attention should be directed towards the dynamic nature of behavioral regulations. Organismic integration theory presents a suitable framework for investigating fluctuations in behavioral regulations. However, current results pertaining to this issue revealed mixed findings. The aim of this review is to examine the empirical literature on the dynamic nature of organismic integration theory in exercise settings over time in adults. A systematic review of English articles using PsycINFO, PsycARTICLES, ScienceDirect, and SPORTDiscus was conducted including keywords of organismic integration theory, longitudinal designs, change in behavioral regulations, and exercise. Findings are summarized through quantitative analysis of the evidence. Regarding autonomous regulations, steady increases in regulations are observable that originate within the first weeks and persist for up to one year. Most studies reported no changes in controlled regulations, although in a few cases changes were observed six weeks after baseline or later. The review adds to the theoretical understanding of how behavioral regulations are internalized. However, whether changes in regulation occur depends on both the type of regulation and on contextual characteristics. Future research of longitudinal design is warranted to identify optimal periods in which individuals seek for increased support during exercise adoption. 相似文献
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随着社会的不断发展,民众对于体质健康的需求也愈发强烈,体育锻炼俨然已经成为了满足此需求的重要手段。为了对体育锻炼动机的产生过程展开深入探索,本研究在锻炼行为理论视角下对运动技能学习意向在大学生体育锻炼动机产生过程的中介作用进行了研究。研究内容分为两个部分,一是采用理论综述的手段概括当前在锻炼行为理论视角下对动机与行为意向的研究近况,并对运动技能学习意向影响体育锻炼动机产生过程的机制进行分析;二是在计划行为理论与自我决定理论的基础上建立局部整合的假设模型。 相似文献
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李桦 《沈阳体育学院学报》2011,30(4):38-41
运用计划行为理论,通过问卷调查法,探讨我国城市居民从事慢跑、羽毛球、游泳3项休闲运动的行为意图,了解其休闲运动态度、主观规范、知觉行为控制对行为意图的影响效果。结果表明:①不同参与程度的城市居民在知觉行为控制与行为意图上有显著性差异,而不同参与程度的城市居民在态度与主观规范上则无显著性差异,高参与频率组别明显高于低参与频率组别,显示高参与频率者较能掌握自我的能力与从事该项目运动的便利条件,且有较高的行为意图。②城市居民从事不同休闲运动的运动态度、主观规范知觉行为控制与行为意图显著相关,仅游泳和羽毛球获得验证,慢跑并未获得验证。③城市居民从事慢跑与羽毛球运动的行为意图,主要受态度与知觉行为控制所影响,主观规范未获显著性;而城市居民从事游泳运动的行为意图,主要受态度与主观规范所影响,知觉行为控制未达显著性。 相似文献
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本文对18名大学生运动员进行了为期6周的水中跑与陆上跑有氧训练比较研究,结果显示,水中跑训练是一种低冲击有氧训练方式,能提供足够的训练刺激,产生与陆上训练相媲美的心肺反应,提高运动员的最大吸氧量,保持陆上跑的竞技成绩,可作为陆_E~Jll练的辅助／交叉训练方式,弥补陆上有氧训练的不足。 相似文献
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合理行为、计划行为与社会认知理论预测身体锻炼行为的比较研究 总被引：8，自引：0，他引：8
李京诚 《天津体育学院学报》1999,14(2):34-36
运用合理行为理论、计划行为理论和社会认知理论,预测北京市两所高校的１９９名大学本科学生４周的身体锻炼行为,通过比较研究,探讨个体锻炼参与行为的内部心理机制。结果表明,合理行为理论的态度维度能够对锻炼行为意向产生显著性的影响;计划行为理论提出的行为控制感显著地提高了对锻炼意向的预测水平;社会认知理论对锻炼行为的预测达到了显著性的水平,其中自我效能感和行为自我评价为预测作出了显著的贡献。 相似文献
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The purpose of our investigation was to examine determinants of teachers' intentions to teach physically active physical education classes (i.e., spend at least 50% of class time with the students engaged in moderate to vigorous physical activity). Based on the theory of planned behavior, a model was examined hypothesizing that teachers' intentions were determined by subjective norm, attitude, and perceived behavioral control. Grounded in self-efficacy theory, it was hypothesized that program goal importance and hierarchical and barrier self-efficacy would also predict intention. Using a series of hierarchical regression analyses, the theory of planned behavior was supported by accounting for 59% of the variance in intention due to attitude, perceived behavioral control, and subjective norm. Self-efficacy theory based variables received minimal support. 相似文献
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The study's purpose was to identify the mediating role of intention and the stages of change (SOC) in physical activity (PA) over a 6-month period using two models (theory of planned behavior [TPB] and TPB/SOC). Participants were 143 adults with physical disabilities (70.68% response rate; M age = 46.03). The TPB constructs, SOC (time 1), and PA (time 2) were assessed using standardized self-report questionnaires. Based on path analyses, attitude had the highest effect on intention and SOC followed by perceived behavioral control within both well-fit models. The variance in PA explained by the first (TPB) and second (TPB/SOC) models was 16% and 28% respectively. In the just identified model of TPB/SOC, the direct effect of SOC on physical activity remained strong (gamma(soc.pa) = .45) and SOC approached full mediation through attitude. Health promotion interventions need to include both intention and behavior elements (SOC) reinforcing increased PA value and barrier elimination. 相似文献
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研究充分考虑到个体差异和不同社会环境对锻炼坚持行为的影响,识别了影响体育锻炼坚持的主要心理和行为因素,构建了大学生体育锻炼坚持结构模型,采用问卷调查法和统计分析法对模型进行分析和验证,研究结果显示,体育锻炼承诺对大学生体育锻炼坚持影响重要,学校制度因素对于大学生体育锻炼坚持具有较大效果,大学生退出体育锻炼现象的根本原因就在于体育锻炼意图不强。提出以下建议:大学阶段体育教学的核心任务应致力于使大学生形成参与体育锻炼的心理倾向并养成体育锻炼的行为习惯,大学体育教育的核心在于改善大学生的体育偏好而不是过多的强调影响体育锻炼的外因。 相似文献
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以毛荣建（2003）所提出假设（在TPB理论基础上做出改进,将行为习惯、目标态度、情感体验3个变量融入了计划行为理论模型中,用来测量青少年体育锻炼态度。）为研究理论依托,进一步验证体育锻炼态度及其影响因素与体育锻炼行为之间的关系,通过《锻炼态度》与《体育锻炼行为》问卷对在校大学生分层随机调查,运用方差分析、相关分析、回归分析与路径分析等方法分析数据,结果表明：锻炼者与非锻炼者在体育锻炼态度各维度上呈现显著性差异;性别因素不能影响锻炼人群在体育锻炼态度的各项维度得分的差异性的结果,非锻炼人群也是如此;体育锻炼活动中,决定行为意向的关键变量因素是态度;具有高情感体验、或高认知的大学生,并不一定是锻炼者。路径分析说明,行为习惯、情感体验、行为认知、目标态度、主观标准一方面通过行为态度间接作用体育行为,另一方面,行为习惯、目标态度、主观标准对体育行为还具有直接的预测作用。 相似文献
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Joseph F. Norman Bunny J. Pozehl Kathleen A. Duncan Melody A. Hertzog Steven K. Krueger 《Cardiopulmonary Physical Therapy Journal》2012,23(4):19-25