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1.
个体化与竞争情境下大学生不同成就动机对操作技能的影响 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
研究考察了个体化和竞争情境下大学生不同成就动机倾向对操作技能的影响。被试为110名师范大学学生。经成就动机倾向问卷测试将被试分为追求成功动机和避免失败动机。随机选取32名被试，追求成功与避免失败各半。将情境类型设置为竞争情境和个体化情境。实验的因变量为双手协调技能的操作成绩。研究结论包括：在个体化情境下，追求成功动机双手协调技能的操作时间短于避免失败成就动机，且差异显；在竞争情境下，追求成功动机双手协调技能的操作时间短于避免失败成就动机，且差异非常显。 相似文献
2.
依据心理控制源理论,运用心理测量及数理统计法,对87名优秀青年篮球运动员在任务结果变化时操作技能成绩受到的影响进行研究,为教练员解决在比赛中如何使用队员的问题提供一些参考。结果表明,外控型运动员易受任务结果的影响,而内控型运动员受任务结果的影响不大。 相似文献
3.
《湖北体育科技》2020,(8):744-748
目的富媒体环境下合作学习,基于MOOC《学习跨栏跑》,探讨对学生成绩的影响。方法准实验设计,体育专业男生69人按教学班自然分组。以学习方法为自变量,实验处理3水平:富媒体+合作学习、合作学习、传统技能学习;因变量为跨栏跑技术和理论成绩,速度为协变量。结果教学方法主效应下,理论成绩富媒体+合作学习组对合作学习组、传统技能学习组差异极显著(p<0.000);技术成绩富媒体+合作学习组对合作学习组无显著差异(p=0.936),对传统技能学习组差异显著(p=0.002)。结论设置学习目标、个体责任、小组组建和人际交往、小组自评和竞争为合作学习要素,以老师促进性活动和富媒体技术为教学支架,构建课堂内外一体化的学习环境,显著提高体育专业学生跨栏跑理论成绩,技术成绩略有提升。 相似文献
4.
不同性别体育专业学生专业成绩和个性特征与心理控制源倾向的关系及比较研究 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
运用文献资料法、问卷调查法、数理统计法等研究方法,探讨学生专业成绩和个性特征与心理控制源倾向的关系。结果表明：情绪稳定、性格偏内向和非精神质特征可促进专业成绩的提高;心理控制源偏内控者专业成绩高于偏外控者。说明某些心理因素对学习行为的有效性产生明显的影响。 相似文献
5.
Bi Daoyuan 《中国体育科技》1999,(3)
本实验研究了图式在运动技能形成与保持中的作用。事先建立图式的实验组比未建立图式的对照组动作的复作在成绩好,无论是在即时回忆还是在延缓回忆的条件下都是如此。对于较为复杂的动作,存在着图式与测量方式之间的交互作用。建立图式的实验组比对照组相对动作的保持好。 相似文献
6.
图式--在运动技能形成与保持中的作用 总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3
本实验研究了图式在运动技能形成与保持中的作用。事先建立图式的实验组比未建立图式的对照组动作的复作在成绩好,无论是在即时回忆还是在延缓回忆的条件下都是如此。对于较为复杂的动作,存在着图式与测量方式之间的交互作用。建立图式的实验组比对照组相对动作的保持好。 相似文献
7.
本实验研究了动作图式在运动技能形成与保持中的作用。40名被试分成2组。实验结果表明,事先建立动作图式的实验组比未建立动作图式的对照组双杠与艺术体操动作的复作成绩好,无论在即时回忆还是在延缓回忆的条件下都是如此。对于较为复杂的艺术体操动作,存在着图式与测量方式之间的交互作用,建立图式的实验组比对照组对动作的保持好。 相似文献
8.
表象训练运用于"行进间单手肩上投篮"教学的实验研究 总被引：4，自引：0，他引：4
运用表象训练进行实验研究,并列出了具体的教学方案。结果表明：实验班的学生行进问单手肩上投篮的成绩显著好于对照班。 相似文献
9.
以高中生为实验对象,观察他们在团队目标设置条件、无明确目标条件下对体育足球课上颠球和定点踢远这两个项目的影响。36个被试者随机地分到下列三个组中：①团队目标组;②个人目标组;③“尽力而为”组。实验时间为五周。通过实验期间的记录的成绩使用数理统计分析方法进行研究,研究结果表明团队目标设置的方式在体育教学中能使学生足球颠球和踢远成绩提高,学生之间更有合作学习精神。 相似文献
10.
在普通高校篮球教学中运用合作学习教学模式的实验研究 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
根据篮球运动的自身特点,结合篮球选项课的教学,对合作学习教学模式在普通高校篮球选项课教学中的运用进行了实验研究,结果显示：实验班实验前后的篮球技术成绩有显著性差异;实验后学生的社交焦虑水平显著降低。 相似文献
11.
Roger T. Johnson Robert Bjorkland March L. Krotee 《Research quarterly for exercise and sport》2013,84(2):129-134
Abstract There are three types of student-student interaction patterns which can be structured for students learning a physical skill: cooperative, competitive, and individualistic (Deutsch, 1962; Johnson & Johnson, 1975). In this study, one hundred and fifteen university students were randomly assigned to condition, stratifying for physical ability on a pretest. The golf skill of putting was taught to each condition in six periods of 45 min each, with putting ability, altitudes toward the instructor, attitudes toward peers, attitudes toward self and attitudes toward the different interaction patterns being measured. The results indicate that cooperative interaction tends to promote putting skill and more positive attitudes toward the instructor and each other. Students in the cooperative and competitive conditions showed a preference for their own interaction patterns, while all students indicated less positive feelings for the individualistic condition. 相似文献
12.
Mark H. Anshel 《Research quarterly for exercise and sport》2013,84(3):305-317
The purpose of this study was to determine the effects of consistent positive and negative feedback on motor performance and a shift in locus of control. Comparisons of the data were made on the basis of age, sex, type of feedback, and internal–external (I–E) disposition. Extreme internal and external participants were offered positive or negative feedback on a rotary pursuit motor task over 20 trials, twice per week, for 6 weeks (a total of 240 trials). The results were as follows: (a) all eighth-grade (13-year-old) subjects displayed superior motor skill performance as compared to fifth-grade (10-year-old) students; (b) subjects across age groups who received positive feedback performed better than subjects given negative feedback; (c) a significant locus of control by feedback interaction indicated that high internals were superior to high externals under positive feedback conditions but that negative feedback produced inferior performance by internals compared to heightened performance by externals; (d) older subjects were more internal than younger subjects based on locus of control questionnaire data both prior to and immediately following the 6-week experiment; and (e) neither age group demonstrated a significant shift in locus of control in response to both the positive and negative feedback conditions. 相似文献
13.
Reza Abdollahipour Gabriele Wulf Rudolf Psotta Miriam Palomo Nieto 《Journal of sports sciences》2015,33(17):1807-1813
The present study was designed to fill a gap in the literature on attentional focus and sports performance. Specifically, in contrast to most previous studies in which an external focus was directed at an implement, we used a gymnastics skill that did not involve the use of an implement. Furthermore, while most studies used only outcome measures of performance, we also assessed movement quality. Twelve-year-old gymnasts performed a maximum vertical jump with a 180-degree turn while airborne, with their hands crossing in front of their chest during the turn under three different focus conditions. Under the external focus condition, participants were asked to focus on the direction in which a tape marker, which was attached to their chest, was pointing after the turn. Under the internal focus condition, they were asked to focus on the direction in which their hands were pointing after the turn. Under the control condition, no focus instructions were given. The external focus condition resulted in both superior movement form and greater jump height than did the other two conditions, which produced comparable results. The present findings show that, similar to other tasks, the performance of form-based skills can be enhanced relatively easily by appropriate external focus instructions. 相似文献
14.
Evelyn Gay Hall 《Research quarterly for exercise and sport》2013,84(2):306-314
Abstract The purpose of this study was twofold: (a) to determine the effect of locus of control (internal-external), success-failure, and trait anxiety (A-trait) on the perception of threat to self following competitive motor performance, as measured by postperformance state anxiety (A-state); and (b) to examine effects of success-failure relative to locus of control, as measured by self-protective answers on a postperformance attribution questionnaire. In addition, postperformance A-state relative to number of internal attributions was investigated. Two groups of subjects (N = 32) satisfying the criteria for internal-external control were subdivided by sex and randomly assigned to success-failure conditions. A-trait and preperformance A-state were assessed by the Spielberger State-Trait Anxiety Inventory (STAI) prior to the experimental treatment, and A-state measurement was repeated following the experimental treatment. Multivariate analysis of covariance revealed significant interaction effects of success-failure and locus of control relative to postperformance A-state. Univariate ANOVA revealed that externals were significantly higher on A-trait than internals. Regression analyses showed significant relationships for A-trait and pre- and postperformance A-state, as well as for relationship of postperformance A-state to number of internal attributions. 相似文献
15.
我国职业体育竞赛表演业的组织机制研究 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
职业体育竞赛表演业组织治理机制是指导、监管和控制职业体育竞赛表演行业组织运作的制度和方法的一个完整系统.研究我国体育竞赛表演行业组织结构的现状,分析我国体育竞赛表演业组织机制存在的问题,从内部治理以及外部治理的角度给出了相关建议. 相似文献
16.
Michael G. Bemben Jody L. Clasey Benjamin H. Massey 《Research quarterly for exercise and sport》2013,84(1):96-99
Purpose: Suprapostural task performance (manual tracking) and postural control (sway and frequency) were examined as a function of attentional focus, age, and tracking difficulty. Given the performance benefits often found under external focus conditions, it was hypothesized that external focus instructions would promote superior tracking and reduced postural sway for both age groups, most notably as a function of tracking difficulty. Method: Postural sway, frequency of postural adjustments, and tracking accuracy under two levels of task difficulty were assessed for younger (M age = 20.98 years) and older (M age = 70.80 years) participants while they manually tracked a pursuit-rotor target. Participants received instructions to focus on either their actions (internal focus) or the effect of their actions (external focus). Results: Analyses revealed a beneficial effect of an external focus on suprapostural performance on the less-difficult (0.5 Hz) tracking task, and this performance was associated with a modest improvement in medial-lateral postural sway. Conclusion: The findings offer limited support for external focus-of-attention benefits under a mildly challenging tracking task. While older adults tend to adopt a conservative postural control strategy regardless of tracking task difficulty, external focus instructions on a suprapostural task promoted a modest, beneficial shift in postural control. 相似文献
17.
Dan Southard 《Research quarterly for exercise and sport》2013,84(4):652-666
In two separate experiments, this study examined changes in motor pattern and performance accuracy when low-level throwers focused on internal variables, external variables, and/or velocity of throw. In Experiment 1 the task goal was to improve the throwing pattern. In Experiment 2 the task goal was to throw as accurately as possible at a target. The results of Experiment 1 indicated that increasing velocity was most effective for changing the throwing pattern, with external focus more effective than internal focus. The results of Experiment 2 indicated that external focus was the most accurate condition and increasing velocity was most effective for changing the throwing pattern. 相似文献
18.
Southard D 《Research quarterly for exercise and sport》2011,82(4):652-666
In two separate experiments, this study examined changes in motor pattern and performance accuracy when low-level throwers focused on internal variables, external variables, and/or velocity of throw. In Experiment 1 the task goal was to improve the throwing pattern. In Experiment 2 the task goal was to throw as accurately as possible at a target. The results of Experiment 1 indicated that increasing velocity was most effective for changing the throwing pattern, with external focus more effective than internal focus. The results of Experiment 2 indicated that external focus was the most accurate condition and increasing velocity was most effective for changing the throwing pattern. 相似文献
19.
Kara K. Palmer Abigail L. Matsuyama J. Megan Irwin Jared M. Porter 《Physical Education & Sport Pedagogy》2017,22(6):580-588
Background and purpose: Attentional focus cues have been shown to impact motor performance of adults and children. Specifically, an external focus of attention results in improved motor learning and performance as compared to adopting an internal focus of attention. The purpose of this study was to determine the effects of an internal and external attentional focus cue on children’s object control skill performance during a commonly used motor skill assessment.Methods: Using a within-participant design, a total of 44 children (Mage?=?7.7 years, 20 boys and 24 girls) completed all three attentional focus conditions. The object control subscale of the Test of Gross Motor Development-2nd Edition (TGMD-2; Ulrich, 2000. Test of Gross Motor Development-2. Austin: Pro-Ed.) served as the motor skill assessment in present study. The TGMD-2 is a normed and criteria-referenced assessment frequently used to assess fundamental motor skill competence in children. The object control subtest of the TGMD-2 assesses a child’s ability to complete six fundamental motor skills – striking a stationary ball, stationary dribble, catch, kick, overhand throw, and underhand roll. All participants completed the object control subtest of the TGMD-2 under three different attentional focus conditions: baseline (i.e. neutral focus), internal, and external. The internal cue focused on movement performance and the external cue focused on movement outcome. In all three conditions, a video demonstration of proper skill performance was used to ensure no difference in visual demonstration, but the overlaying audio was changed to encompass each attentional focus condition. Children’s motor performance was recorded and later coded by a single researcher blinded to the study. A repeated-measures analysis of variance was used to determine if children’s motor scores changed among the three conditions.Results: Findings demonstrated that children’s performance differed among the three conditions (F(2,43)?=?3.5, p?Post hoc analysis revealed that children scored significantly better in the external cue condition compared to the baseline (difference?=?1.98, p?Conclusion: Children performed better when given a verbal instruction to focus their attention externally rather than a verbal instruction with no attentional focus cue. No significant differences exist between the internal and external focus condition or between the neutral and internal condition. Our findings align with the literature and support that external attentional focus cues have a positive effect on motor performance. From a teaching and learning standpoint, using consistent instructions appears to be essential for young learners. Slight changes in verbal cues can have a significant effect on how well children execute fundamental motor skills. 相似文献
20.
Femke van Abswoude Nienke B. Nuijen John van der Kamp Bert Steenbergen 《Research quarterly for exercise and sport》2018,89(2):190-199
Purpose: A large pool of evidence supports the beneficial effect of an external focus of attention on motor skill performance in adults. In children, this effect has been studied less and results are inconclusive. Importantly, individual differences are often not taken into account. We investigated the role of working memory, conscious motor control, and task-specific focus preferences on performance with an internal and external focus of attention in children. Methods: Twenty-five children practiced a golf putting task in both an internal focus condition and external focus condition. Performance was defined as the average distance toward the hole in 3 blocks of 10 trials. Task-specific focus preference was determined by asking how much effort it took to apply the instruction in each condition. In addition, working memory capacity and conscious motor control were assessed. Results: Children improved performance in both the internal focus condition and external focus condition (?p2 = .47), with no difference between conditions (?p2 = .01). Task-specific focus preference was the only factor moderately related to the difference between performance with an internal focus and performance with an external focus (r = .56), indicating better performance for the preferred instruction in Block 3. Conclusion: Children can benefit from instruction with both an internal and external focus of attention to improve short-term motor performance. Individual, task-specific focus preference influenced the effect of the instructions, with children performing better with their preferred focus. The results highlight that individual differences are a key factor in the effectiveness in children’s motor performance. The precise mechanisms underpinning this effect warrant further research. 相似文献