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田径运动能有效地增强儿童少年体质。所以它是《中小学体育教学大纲》规定的主要教学内容。体育运动的实践证明:田径能提高人体走、跑、跳、投等基本活动能力;能促进人体各部位和各器官系统机能的发展,能全面发展力量、速度、耐力、柔韧、灵敏等身体素质。儿童少年不仅是一个国家的希望和未来,也是一个国家田径运动水平的希望和未来.为此.我们必须重视儿童少年的田径基础教学.一、重视素质教学全面发展身体能力 相似文献
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目的：了解某医学院校2019-2020学年在校的19191名大学生的体质健康水平,并提出相应对策。方法：对2019-2020学年在校的19191名大学生进行体质健康测试,测试项目包括肺活量、800米/1000米跑、50米跑、立定跳远、坐位体前屈、引体向上和一分钟仰卧起坐,使用excel对测试结果进行整理后,采用SPSSPRO进行在线统计分析。结果：2019-2020学年在校大学生的体质健康测试等级都集中分布在及格等级上,达到60.9%;肺活量、800米/1000米跑、50米跑、立定跳远、坐位体前屈、引体向上和一分钟仰卧起坐项目测试等级大部分为及格或不及格。结论：2019-2020学年在校大学生的体质健康水平欠佳,心肺功能有待提高,下肢力量和柔韧素质表现不佳,男生上肢力量薄弱,女生的腰腹力量有待提高。 相似文献
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通过以我国学生体质健康评价制度的演变和发展为导线,以我国学生体质健康测试项目为切入点,利用文献法、比较法、数理统计法对学生体质健康测试项目中400米跑与50米×8往返跑进行差异性研究。研究结果表明,在同一名学生身上测得的400米跑与50米×8往返跑项目成绩是具有显著性差异的,在学生体质测试项目上规定的五、六年级50米×8往返跑项目不能用400米跑项目进行简单的代替（或替换）。如果用400米跑代替50米×8往返跑进行学生体质测试,可能会造成比较大偏差,从而影响学生体质健康等级判定的准确性。 相似文献
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2014年5~8月夏训期间,对黑龙江省速滑队中最优秀的16名长距离速滑运动员(男运动员8名,女运动员8名,均为运动健将及国际健将等级)夏训前后实施训练监控,对血红蛋白、红细胞压积、血清睾酮、最大摄氧量、血乳酸、有氧阈和无氧阈等多项监控指标统计分析.研究结果:夏训后,女运动员最大摄氧量提高,具有统计学非常显著性意义(P<0.01);男女运动员800 m跑血乳酸峰值升高都非常显著(P<0.01);男女运动员有氧阈强度和无氧阈强度提高都具有显著性意义(P<0.05).研究结论:1.田径800 m跑可作为速滑长距离运动员无氧代谢供能能力评定手段之一,对比夏训前后运动员800 m跑成绩和血乳酸峰值,认为夏训增强了运动员无氧代谢供能能力.2.有氧阈和无氧阈测试可作为速滑长距离运动员有氧代谢供能能力评定手段之一,分析得出夏训增强了运动员有氧代谢供能能力.旨在探索适合我国优秀速滑长距离运动员的评价指标和方法,为运动训练实践提供理论研究依据. 相似文献
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目的:通过CART决策树算法,寻找学生健康体质测试数据中各指标的非线性关系,找到各指标对学生体质测试等级的影响程度,为体育教学工作的提高提供更多维度的支持。方法:对山东大学近万名本科生的健康体质测试数据进行处理和分组,分为男生组和女生组,通过CART决策树算法对两组数据进行分析,分别建立模型,并对决策树模型进行可视化表达。结果:(1)CART决策树算法可较好的通过各指标对学生健康体质测试成绩等级进行分类、训练、验证,预测结果正确率都可达到85%以上,且可判断各个指标的影响程度,为提高体育教学质量提供实证依据。(2)样本中男女生各项体质测试指标对等级的影响程度情况存在明显的差异,具体表现在男生体质测试成绩等级最关键的影响因素是引体向上项目,女生体质测试成绩等级最关键的影响因素是800m项目,建议在男女生差异化体育教学过程中,加强男生上下肢力量训练和女生心肺耐力锻炼,再辅以跑动能力练习。 相似文献
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目的：了解湘西地区12-14岁苗族农村留守儿童的体质和营养状况,为提高湘西地区少数民族学生的健康水平提供参考依据。方法：随机抽取湘西地区12-14岁苗族农村留守儿童619名,测试其身高、体重、胸围、肺活量、50m跑、握力和立定跳远,并评价其营养状况。结果：随着年龄增长,留守儿童的身高、体重、胸围、肺活量、握力和立定跳远均逐渐增加,50s跑时间逐渐减少;14岁男生的肺活量、13岁、14岁男生的握力和立定跳远显著高于同龄女生（P0.05）;除50m跑成绩外,留守儿童的各项体质指标均低于全国同龄儿童（P0.05）。结论：湘西地区12-14岁苗族农村留守儿童身体发育水平整体落后于全国平均水平;营养状况不容乐观。 相似文献
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目的 探讨小学儿童体力活动与身体素质、骨密度的关联,为促进小学儿童体质健康干预策略提供理论基础.方法 通过ActiGraph GT3X+型加速度计与CM-200超声骨密度仪分别对扬州市某小学313名六年级学生进行体力活动水平与骨密度的测量,最后对小学儿童身体素质指标进行测试.结果 与结论男孩的MVPA与50m跑、1mi... 相似文献
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<正> 耐久跑是小学体育课的基本教材,是发展儿童少年耐力素质,锻炼身体增强体质很有实效的一项体育运动,也是培养儿童少年不怕困难、坚毅顽强意志品质的好教材。小学阶段耐久跑的基本任务是:学习耐久跑的方法,培养耐久跑的能力。小学生对耐久跑是不感兴趣的。其主要原因是:教材内容不多,教学手段单一。因此,要教好耐久跑,必须改进组织教法。下面谈谈我在耐久跑教学中的一些做法。一、跑走交替任务:学习耐久跑的方法,发展一般耐力。组织与教法: 1.按教师的信号(如口令、哨声等),做跑与走的交替。 2.按设置的标志(如绕操场的边线端线,或设置 相似文献
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文章通过调查法、体育测量法和数理统计法,对辽宁省男子少年乒乓球运动员专项身体素质结构进行研究。研究表明:通过对专项身体素质的测试成绩,运用因子分析归类:移步换球、单跳绳、绕台跑、30×8往返跑、扣球击远等五项基本身体素质的测试可以反映出男子少年乒乓球运动员专项身体素质水平。 相似文献
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James H. Dugdale Calum A. Arthur Dajo Sanders Angus M. Hunter 《European Journal of Sport Science》2019,19(6):745-756
This study aimed to establish between-day reliability and validity of commonly used field-based fitness tests in youth soccer players of varied age and playing standards, and to discriminate between players without (“unidentified”) or with (“identified”) a direct route to professional football through their existing club pathway. Three-hundred-and-seventy-three Scottish youth soccer players (U11–U17) from three different playing standards (amateur, development, performance) completed a battery of commonly used generic field-based fitness tests (grip dynamometry, standing broad jump, countermovement vertical jump, 505 (505COD) and T-Drill (T-Test) change of direction and 10/20 m sprint tests) on two separate occasions within 7–14?days. The majority of field-based fitness tests selected within this study proved to be reliable measures of physical performance (ICC?=?0.83–0.97; p?p?2 (7)?=?101.646, p?相似文献
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为了全面地描述社会不同群体在体育健身方面的需求,笔者以大连市金州区为调研切入点,选取了六种不同的社会分工群体,调查不同社会群体的体育健身需求与体育投入水平,探讨不同社会群体健身者的体育投入与体育参与之间的关系。调查的内容包含了体育健身投入水平与体育参与态度、体育健身投入与体育参与动机、体育健身投入与参与主体的愉悦感、体育健身投入与体育参与的可持续性之间的关系等。 相似文献
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Angus A. Leahy Madieke F.I. Michels Narelle Eather Charles H. Hillman Tatsuya T. Shigeta David R. Lubans 《Journal of sports sciences》2020,38(15):1708-1716
ABSTRACT The feasibility requirements of administering field-based cognitive assessments are rarely reported. We examined the feasibility of administering a group-based cognitive test battery in a school setting with older adolescents. Several types of reliability were also assessed in the control group. Preliminary efficacy and the relationship between changes in fitness and changes in cognitive control were also explored following a 14-week HIIT intervention (3 sessions/week). Participants completed a cognitive test battery measuring inhibition (flanker), and working memory (n-back) at baseline and post-test. Health-related fitness assessments were also conducted. Test administration took approximately 30.8 ± 1.5 minutes to complete with up to six participants simultaneously. The test battery demonstrated acceptable reliability (ICC = 0.5–0.81), with significant changes observed for flanker incongruent accuracy, and 2-back non-target accuracy from baseline to post-test. Regarding efficacy, small-to-moderate effects were observed for accuracy outcomes, while several small associations were found between changes in fitness and changes in cognition. Findings from the current study suggest a cognitive test battery can be administered with older adolescents in a school setting. However, there remains a lack of adequate reporting of administration requirements for field-based cognitive assessments. Efficacy findings should be confirmed with a larger and more representative sample of older adolescents. 相似文献
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发达与欠发达城市实施全民健身计划的基本对策 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
运用实证分析、献和数理统计等方法,对发达城市(北京、上海、广州)与欠发达城市(兰州、乌鲁木齐、哈尔滨)居民全民健身活动的意识、内容、场所、消费水平、健身方式及制约因素等方面的情况进行对比研究。从社会学、经济学和消费心理学的角度,对现状进行分析探讨。根据发达城市与欠发达城市的实际,制定切实可行的实施全民健身计划的对策。 相似文献
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David F. Stodden Larissa K. True Stephen J. Langendorfer Zan Gao 《Research quarterly for exercise and sport》2013,84(3):397-403
Purpose: This exploratory study examined the notion of Seefeldt's (1980) hypothesized motor skill “proficiency barrier” related to composite levels of health-related physical fitness (HRF) in young adults. Method: A motor skill competence (MSC) index composed of maximum throwing and kicking speed and jumping distance in 187 young adults aged 18 to 25 years old was evaluated against a composite index of 5 health-related fitness (HRF) test scores. MSC (high, moderate, and low) and HRF indexes (good, fair, and poor) were categorized according to normative fitness percentile ranges. 2 separate 3-way chi-square analyses were conducted to determine the probabilities of skill predicting fitness and fitness predicting skill. Results: Most correlations among HRF and MSC variables by gender demonstrated low-to-moderate positive correlations in both men (12/15; r = .23–.58) and women (14/15; r = .21–.53). Chi-square analyses for the total sample, using composite indexes, demonstrated statistically significant predictive models, χ 2 (1, N = 187) = 66.99, p < .001, Cramer's V = .42. Only 3.1% of low-skilled (2 of 65) individuals were classified as having a “good” HRF. Only 1 participant (out of 65) who demonstrated high MSC was classified as having “poor” HRF (1.5%). Conclusion: Although individual correlations among individual MSC and HRF measures were low to moderate, these data provide indirect evidence for the possibility of a motor skill “proficiency barrier” as indicated by low composite HRF levels. This study may generate future research to address the proficiency barrier hypothesis in youth as well as adults. 相似文献
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本研究运用文献资料法、田野调查法在对体育健身功能性“农家乐”进行概念释义、背景描述及价值分析的基础上,对其理论与实践结构进行了探讨分析。结果表明：体育健身功能性“农家乐”是融合了“体育”与“农家乐”两个不同社会要素的经营实体,二者相互促进,相互影响;体育健身功能性“农家乐”的理论结构由定位、政策、模式及管理构成,不同层面所承担的职责和发挥的功能属性不尽相同;体育健身功能性“农家乐”的实践结构由规划系统、融资系统、操作系统、管理系统、监督系统以及考评系统等六部分构成,以此形成了一个良性循环的社会实践系统。通过本研究,为“农家乐”与“体育”的相关研究开辟了新思路、新领域。 相似文献
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Mikko Huhtiniemi Kasper Salin Jukka Lahti Arja Sääkslahti Asko Tolvanen Anthony Watt 《Physical Education & Sport Pedagogy》2021,26(1):1-15
ABSTRACT Background: Fitness testing is a commonly applied learning and teaching practice implemented in both secondary and elementary school physical education (PE). Many teachers believe that by using a variety of different tests, they are able to provide students with feedback regarding their fitness status, and furthermore, increase students’ willingness to be physically active later in their lives. However, empirical evidence concerning students’ affective responses during fitness testing classes is limited. Purpose: The primary aim of the study was to investigate whether students’ perceptions of enjoyment and anxiety differed between two different types of fitness testing classes and PE in general. In addition, the measurement invariances over time and between Grade 5 (aged 11–12) and Grade 8 (aged 14–15) groups were determined. Method: A total sample of 645 Finnish Grade 5 (N?=?328, 50% boys, mean age?=?11.2, SD?=?0.36) and Grade 8 students (N?=?317, 47% boys, mean age?=?14.2, SD?=?0.35) participated in the study. Series of multi-group confirmatory factor analyses were conducted to test the level of measurement invariance between general PE and fitness testing classes, and between age groups. Strict factorial invariance was supported for both enjoyment and anxiety scales allowing for latent mean comparisons. Latent mean differences were studied using z-tests. Results: Grade 5 students perceived significantly lower levels of enjoyment and cognitive processes and a higher level of somatic anxiety in fitness testing classes compared to general PE. Additionally, for Grade 8 students, levels of enjoyment and cognitive processes were significantly lower and somatic anxiety and worry higher in fitness testing classes than in general PE. Furthermore, enjoyment was significantly higher, and cognitive processes, somatic anxiety and worry lower among Grade 5 students compared with Grade 8 students in both contextual PE and during fitness testing class. Conclusion: Results of this study indicate that students’ perceptions of enjoyment were lower in fitness testing classes compared to PE in general. Additionally, students perceived lower levels of cognitive anxiety and higher levels of somatic anxiety in fitness testing classes than in general PE. It is noteworthy that students might not significantly dislike fitness testing per se but instead have significantly more positive affects towards PE in general. Generally, practitioners conducting fitness testing lessons are encouraged to embrace different strategies such as fostering basic psychological needs or promoting mastery climate to facilitate enjoyment and diminish anxiety. 相似文献
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Cristina Cadenas-Sanchez Jairo H. Migueles Irene Esteban-Cornejo Jose Mora-Gonzalez Pontus Henriksson María Rodriguez-Ayllon 《Journal of sports sciences》2020,38(7):731-740
ABSTRACTThe aim of this study was to examine the associations of fitness and physical activity with academic achievement in children with overweight/obesity. A total of 106 (10.0 ± 1.1y, 61 boys) children participated. The fitness components were assessed by field and laboratory-based tests. Physical activity was measured via accelerometry. The academic achievement was assessed by a standardised test and school-grades. Field-based cardiorespiratory fitness was associated with language skills (ß-standardised- ranging from 0.281 to 0.365, p < 0.01). The field-based muscular strength was associated with grade point average, natural and social sciences, and foreign language (ß = 0.280–0.326, all p ≤ 0.01). Speed-agility was associated with some language-related skills (ß = 0.325–0.393, all p ≤ 0.01). The laboratory-based muscular strength also showed an association with mathematics skills (ß = 0.251–0.306, all p ≤ 0.01). Physical activity did not show significant association with academic achievement (p > 0.01). Overall, the significant associations observed for muscular strength and speed/agility were attenuated and disappeared in many cases after additional adjustments for body mass index and cardiorespiratory fitness, indicating that these associations are inter-dependent. Our study contributes by indicating that other fitness components apart from cardiorespiratory fitness, such as muscular strength and speed-agility, are positively associated with academic achievement. However, these associations appear to be dependent on body mass index and cardiorespiratory fitness. 相似文献
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Bruce G. Simons-Morton Nancy M. O'hara Denise G. Simons-Morton Guy S. Parcel 《Research quarterly for exercise and sport》2013,84(4):295-303
Abstract The promotion of cardiorespiratory fitness through increased physical activity has become a national public health objective for both adults and children. Based on numerous small-scale studies it appears that children are highly fit but the population distribution is unknown due to the lack of rigorous population studies. Very little is known about the extent of children's physical activity; the available evidence does not support the hypothesis that children obtain sufficient activity to explain their generally high levels of fitness. Due to the lack of evidence of substantial carry-over effects of youth fitness to adult health and the likelihood of children's resistance to vigorous fitness routines, there is little reason to recommend an aerobic training focus in physical education. A focus on enjoyable moderate to vigorous physical activity (MVPA) with carry-over value to adulthood is recommended. Physical education is an important vehicle for promoting physical activity by children; it appears, however, that children may obtain little MVPA during physical education class. 相似文献
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Wanda Forczek Irene Baena-Chicón Alfonso Vargas-Macías 《European Journal of Sport Science》2017,17(9):1161-1176
Background: Flamenco is a highly emotional and demanding dance form. It is important to understand how the dancer’s body works in order to improve fitness levels and reduce injuries. Thus, our investigation reviewed studies on kinesiological aspects of flamenco over recent years. Methods: The review was restricted to experimental studies. Literature searches were conducted using the following databases: PubMed, Scopus, and Ebsco: SPORTDiscus with Full Text, Medline, Health Source: Nursing/Academic Edition, Health Source – Consumer Edition. After limiting the search, 180 potential articles remained for analysis. Results: A total of 27 papers on different aspects of flamenco dance were finally selected: biomechanics (14), podiatry (6), injury incidence (3), anthropometry (2), and physiology (2). These studies have applied well-established methods from sports studies. However, we noted a number of potential limitations when applied to flamenco. Conclusions: The evidence from this review shows that flamenco dancing demands high levels of effort. Further research is required to understand how the dancer’s body works in order to improve fitness levels and reduce injuries. Most of the results presented here are consistent among studies. However, there is a great scarcity of research addressing flamenco movement in a more comprehensive perspective. 相似文献