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Effects of health-related physical education on academic achievement: project SPARK. 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
J F Sallis T L McKenzie B Kolody M Lewis S Marshall P Rosengard 《Research quarterly for exercise and sport》1999,70(2):127-134
The effects of a 2-year health-related school physical education program on standardized academic achievement scores was assessed in 759 children who completed Metropolitan Achievement Tests before and after the program. Schools were randomly assigned to condition: (a) Specialists taught the Sports, Play, and Active Recreation for Kids curriculum; (b) classroom teachers were trained to implement the curriculum; and (c) controls continued their usual programs. The Trained Teacher condition was superior to Control on Language, Reading, and Basic Battery. The Specialist condition was superior to Control on Reading, but inferior on Language. Despite devoting twice as many minutes per week to physical education as Controls, the health-related physical education program did not interfere with academic achievement. Health-related physical education may have favorable effects on students' academic achievement. 相似文献
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定向运动健身方案对中学生体质影响的实验研究 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
目的针对目前学生体质存在的心肺功能和耐力素质下降等问题,探寻一种适合在学校开展、符合学生兴趣特点,发展有氧耐力效果良好的运动健身方案,达到增强学生体质的最终目标。方法选取西安市第六中学初二年级125名学生,按自然班分为实验班和对照班,其中实验班63名学生进行为期10周定向运动健身指导,并对所有学生进行实验前后体质指标测试。结果定向运动健身方案实施后学生心肺功能(台阶指数和肺活量)、有氧耐力(1 000 m/800 m)和身体素质(立定跳远、左右横跨和闭眼单脚站立)指标均有明显提高,与实验前相比呈显著性差异。结论定向运动健身方案对发展学生心肺功能和有氧耐力具有良好的效果,其他内蒙古素质也有不同程度地改善,达到了提高学生体质的目的 ,为定向运动以健身方案的形式引入中学校园,科学合理地指导学生进行体育锻炼提供实践基础。 相似文献
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体育锻炼改善大学生心理状况中兴趣的影响与作用研究 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
对兴趣在体育锻炼促进大学生心理健康发展中的影响进行研究的结果显示:不改变兴趣的实验组实验后心理状况呈非常显著变化,中途改变兴趣的呈显著变化,而且两者相比具有显著差异,兴趣的缺失会导致心理状况下降;在根据自己兴趣进行锻炼的基础上,不同锻炼类型和性别对心理状况的影响没有显著差异;在锻炼心理学的研究中如果把兴趣作为无关变量,应考虑对这一变量进行合理控制,否则会影响研究结论的可靠性. 相似文献
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R. Reina S. Healy A. Roldán I. Hemmelmayr A. Klavina 《Physical Education & Sport Pedagogy》2019,24(4):319-331
Physical Education teache?s (PET) self-efficacy (SE) is a cornerstone for a successful inclusion of students with special educational needs. This study aims to evaluate the effect of a training program called Incluye-T on the SE of Spanish in-service PETs (n?=?229) toward the inclusion of students with special education needs in physical education, compared with a control group (n?=?40). The study also evaluates how the training program is mediated by two demographic variables: teachers’ gender and teaching setting. The Self-Efficacy Scale for Physical Education Teacher Education Majors towards Children with Disabilities was used to measure SE pre and post-intervention. Significant improvements in SE were demonstrated for in-service PET compared to the control group for all the sub-scales of the SE scale: intellectual, physical, and visual impairments (p?相似文献
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The aim of the present study was to assess the effects of motivating and oudeterous (neither motivating nor demotivating) synchronous music on 400-m sprint performance while controlling for the potential confound of pre-performance mood. A panel of volunteer Caucasian males (n = 20; mean age = 20.5 years, s = 1.2) rated the motivational qualities of 32 musical selections using the Brunel Music Rating Inventory-2. An experimental group of volunteer Caucasian males (n = 36; mean age = 20.4 years, s = 1.4) completed three 400-m time trials under conditions of motivational music, oudeterous music, and a no-music control. Pre-performance mood was assessed using the Brunel University Mood Scale (BRUMS). A series of repeated-measures analyses of variance with Bonferroni adjustment revealed no differences in the BRUMS subscales. A repeated-measures analysis of variance on the 400-m times showed a significant effect (F1.24, 42.19 = 10.54, P < 0.001, eta 2 = 0.24) and follow-up pair wise comparisons revealed differences between the synchronous music conditions and the control condition. This finding supported the first research hypothesis, that synchronous music would result in better performance than a no-music control, but not the second hypothesis, that performance in the motivational synchronous music condition would be better than that in the oudeterous condition. It appears that synchronous music can be applied to anaerobic endurance performance among non-elite sports persons with a considerable positive effect. 相似文献
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P. Chelladurai S. E. Inglis K. E. Danylchuk 《Research quarterly for exercise and sport》2013,84(1):74-79
Abstract The purpose of this study was to determine the effects of a 15-week aerobic activity program on the total cholesterol (TC) and high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) levels of 25 high school students, ages 14–17 years (experimental group = 14, control group = 11). Participants in the activity program exercised 4 days per week in a specially designed physical education class, while the control group participated in the regular physical education program. Results of the analysis of covariance found significant reductions in TC in the training group (control group Adj M = 190.2 mg/dl, experimental group Adj M = 173.1 mg/dl, p > .05), but no significant changes in HDL-C (control group Adj M = 49.8 mg/dl, experimental group Adj M = 50 mg/dl). While the exercise program appeared to have a beneficial effect on TC in 12 of 14 participants (86%), HDL-C also dropped in 12 of 14 participants (86%). 相似文献
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ABSTRACTPurpose: To create a high-stress shooting among the crowd (SAC) program and to examine its effectiveness in reducing SWAT trainees’ stress level and their shooting performance in a simulated hostage-rescue situation. Method: After the SAC program was created, it was evaluated using a pretest and posttest experimental design: 98 young male SWAT trainees were randomly divided into experiment and control groups, with the former group trained in hostage rescue, shooting with real persons (high stress), and the latter group trained with “dummy” men (low stress); training for both lasted three days. Their shooting performance was assessed by a tactical shooting test in both high- and low-stress tests in a counterbalanced order, before and after the training, and monitored during the training, as were their stress levels by a set of physical (heart rate [HR] and heart rate recovery time [HRRt]), psychological (salivary cortisol and α-amylase), and self-reported anxiety measures. Results: The SAC program created needed high-stress for hostage rescue situations as reflected in increased physical, psychological, and anxiety scores and reduced shooting performance. Even with short SAC training, SWAT trainees’ capacity in handling high stress and tactical shooting performance were significantly improved. HR, HRRt, and anxiety tests have been found to be effective in monitoring stress and should be a part of future SWAT training. Conclusion: A SAC program involving real people was created, and its effectiveness was confirmed using a pretest and posttest experimental design. 相似文献
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Maria Chiara Gallotta Gian Pietro Emerenziani Sara Iazzoni Luigi Iasevoli Laura Guidetti 《Journal of sports sciences》2017,35(15):1547-1555
Aim of this study was to evaluate the effectiveness of two different 5-month physical education (PE) interventions conducted by a specialist PE teacher on primary school children’s skill- and health-related outcomes. About 230 children were randomly assigned to one of three intervention groups: experimental_1 group, experimental_2 group or control group (school curriculum given by the generalist teacher). Pre- and post-intervention tests assessed pupils’ fitness (pacer, curl-up, push-up, trunk lift, sit and reach tests) and gross motor coordination (shifting platforms, balance beam, jumping laterally, hopping on one leg over an obstacle tests). Both experimental groups significantly improved some fitness and coordinative tests after the intervention period when compared with control group. However, no differential changes on coordinative development were observed between the 2 experimental groups. Results of this study demonstrated that children benefitted from a well-structured PE intervention conducted and supervised by a specialist PE teacher improving their motor skills and fitness. 相似文献
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The purpose of the current study was to determine whether the implementation of a season-long team-building intervention program using team goal setting increased perceptions of cohesion. The participants were 86 female high school basketball players from 8 teams. The teams were randomly assigned to either an experimental team goal-setting or control condition. Each participant completed the Group Environment Questionnaire (GEQ; Carron, Brawley, & Widmeyer, 2002; Carron, Widmeyer, & Brawley, 1985), which assessed cohesion at both the beginning and end of the season. Overall, the results revealed a significant multivariate effect, Pillai's trace F(12, 438) = 2.68, p = .002. Post hoc analyses showed that at the beginning of the season, athletes from both conditions did not differ in their perceptions of cohesion. However, at the end of the season, athletes in the team goal-setting condition held higher perceptions of cohesion than athletes in the control condition. Overall, the results indicated that team goal setting was an effective team-building tool for influencing cohesiveness in sport teams. 相似文献
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《European Journal of Sport Science》2013,13(5):582-590
Abstract Physical education (PE) at school is an important starting point for long-term interventions improving quality of life in elderly. To evaluate the effectiveness of professionally led PE on motor and health-related abilities of Italian primary schoolchildren (3rd–5th graders), three schools were assigned to the experimental groups “A” (38 pupils, 17 M, 21 F) and “B” (37 pupils, 16 M, 21 F), and to control group “C” (26 pupils, 18 M, 8 F). All groups underwent a six-month, twice-a-week (60 min each session) PE intervention. The PE program of the EGs was age-tailored, included strength training and was administered by specialised teachers. Group A and B programs differed in the strength training devices used, while they were identical in terms of training load. The control group program was not structured and administered by generalist teachers. At baseline and follow-up, children underwent a motor and health-related abilities test battery. At follow-up, children in group C gained significantly more weight than children in the EGs and scored significantly less than the children in the EGs in the following assessments: counter movement jump (C:+0.15% vs. A:+4.1% and B:+6.99%), plate tapping (C:+13.56% vs. A:+19.37% and B:+36.12%), sit-and-reach (C:?311.15% vs. B:+409.57%), pinch strength (C:+2.39% vs. B:+10.83, on average) and sit-up (C:+29.69% vs. A:+72.61%). In conclusion, specialist-led pupils demonstrated greater increases in some motor and health-related abilities tests compared to generalist-led peers, while different strength training devices produced comparable increases of strength in both EGs. 相似文献
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健康体适能教学的实验观察 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
为进一步评估健康体适能的教学效果 ,观察了特定运动处方对受试者心脏功能 (FC)、肌肉力量(ST)和柔软度 (FL)的影响。实验前根据FC、ST和FL的检测结果 ,将 2 4 0名男女医学生随机分成 3个对照组和 3个实验组。对照组按原教学进度上体育课 ,实验组以提高健康体适能为教学目标 ,以特定的运动处方进行教学和锻炼。结果显示 ,3个实验组FC、ST和FL指标明显增强 ,且有统计学意义 (P <0 .0 5 )。说明为健康体适能教学所制定的运动处方适用于普通院校大学生的体育教学 ,并可收到良好的效果。 相似文献
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Edward D. Lipton 《Research quarterly for exercise and sport》2013,84(3):402-405
Abstract It was the purpose of this investigation to conduct a program in perceptual-motor development and to determine changes in, and assess relationships between, changes in perceptual-motor development on visual perception and reading readiness of first-grade children. Four classes were equated on the variables age, height, sex, and weight. Two of the classes (experimental) were exposed to the perceptual-motor program for 12 weeks and the other two classes (control) took part in the conventional physical education program. All students participated in their regular classroom activities. All subjects were evaluated in perceptual-motor development, visual perception, and reading readiness prior to and immediately following the research program. The difference scores (pre- and post-test) were evaluated by two-way ANOVA to determine if there were any significant differences between groups. F ratios for the three variables tested were all significant beyond the .01 level in support of the perceptual-motor program. 相似文献
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The purpose of this study was to determine the effectiveness of storyboarding (i.e., participants' written narrative) on improving fitness among university employees over 10 weeks. Groups consisted of storytelling during the program orientation, storytelling plus two coaching sessions, or the normal program only (control). Using difference (pretest from posttest) scores, a one-way multivariate analysis of variance indicated significant differences between groups (p < .01). For percent body fat, only the coached group was statistically superior to the control group (p < .03), while the two experimental groups were statistically similar. For submax VO2, both storyboarding groups were superior to the control group (p < .04). It was concluded that storyboarding may be an effective means for changing selected health behaviors. 相似文献
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针对各高校体育教师对学生身体素质普遍下降的趋势明显的现状,通过调查研究和校本实践运用等方法进行探究。探究其产生根源是：以往的学生体质健康测试指标的评价目的集中倾向于一次性的测试成绩就确定学生本学年在校期间的体质健康状况。通过新课程改革,明确体育课程形成性评价的目的和功能性,确定学生体质健康状况校本评价特征、评价类型、评价内容与方法。让形成性评价更加清晰化,具体化,为高专院校体育教育工作者提供相关技术参考,以实现＂构建高专院校学生体质健康状况形成性评价体系＂的新的评价理念。 相似文献
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为了更客观评价学生体质健康状况,有效提高学生体质。本课题采用文献资料法、实验测试法和数理统计分析法,对我校2010级大专护理180名学生4项体质健康指标分两组别三个阶段的测试评价方式进行测评。运用SPSS16．0中一般线性模型（general linear model , GLM）的repeated measures过程对4项体质健康指标重复测量数据的均值进行重复测量方差分析。结果显示：实验组学生的4项体质健康指标重复测量数据的均值高于对照组,说明了阶段性地评价,学生体质明显提高,效果优于终结性评价。构建与实施学生体质健康状况形成性评价机制方案,有效提高学生自主学习,积极主动参与锻炼能力,促进学生全面发展。 相似文献
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元认知--体育教学认知论研究的新发展 总被引：5，自引：0，他引：5
元认知是一种高级的认知，通常被定义为对认知的认知。在我国，为了适应“素质教育”的目标要求，“教学生合学习”势在必行，越来越多的认知心理学家开始注意认知主体对自身认知活动的计划、监控、评价和调节，重视元认知研究。体育心理学也由动作技能的外部控制研究转向了内部控制、调节等认知因素的研究。对元认知的理论及相关研究进行了初步的分析，旨在为体育教师寻找一奈省时省力、高质高效的教学途径，重视培养学生有意识地了解自己的学习状态和学习能力，提高学生的元认知能力，因材施教，以提高学生的体育学习效率。 相似文献
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James A. Dimmock Bree E. Hallett Robert J. Grove 《Research quarterly for exercise and sport》2013,84(3):641-647
Our study assessed implicit and explicit evaluations of overweight individuals among a sample of fitness center employees (N = 70). Participants completed a general demographics questionnaire and an explicit, self-report Antifat Attitudes Test (AFAT). Participants also completed two Implicit Association Tests (IATs) to measure implicit attitudes toward overweight individuals. In one IAT, participants responded to pictures of overweight and thin individuals in a neutral context. A second IAT required participants to respond to pictures of the same individuals exercising on a treadmill. Consistent with hypotheses, average scores fell below the midpoint on the AFAT subscales, suggesting an absence of a significant explicit bias. The sample exhibited moderately strong implicit weight biases, however, in both the neutral (IAT D = .39) and exercise contexts (IAT D = .39). The findings do not support the premise that implicit biases against overweight individuals vary according to the context in which the judgments are made. 相似文献
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运用文献资料、专家访谈、实验法、问卷调查、数理统计等方法,以建构主义理论为理论依据,对普通高校公共体育篮球选项课应用“分层-合作-研究性”体育教学模式进行了实验研究,结果表明：根据统计实验组和对照组的考试成绩,实验组的学生在理论成绩、技术水平、学习能力等方面普遍优于对照组的学生;“分层-合作-研究性”体育教学模式对提高学生分析问题、解决问题和培养实践能力等方面优于传统体育教学模式;“分层-合作-研究性”体育教学模式比传统体育教学模式更有利于培养学生课内主动参与、合作学习的意识以及课外锻炼的意识和习惯,“分层-合作-研究性”体育教学模式比传统体育教学模式的教学效果更佳。 相似文献