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1.
The XVII 2002 Commonwealth Games held in Manchester, England, was the first major international multi-sport event to include elite athletes with disabilities (EADs) in its main sports programme and medal table. In this exploratory article we seek to examine some of the complex issues surrounding the inclusion of EADs in the Manchester Games by analysing the coverage afforded those athletes by six national British newspapers. The results suggest that: (1) there was a tendency by the British media to discuss the performances of EADs in terms more-or-less consistent with a medicalized understanding of disability; (2) the inclusion of EADs in the Games signalled the ‘end of a sporting apartheid’ between ‘able-bodied’ athletes and EADs; and (3) that the participation of EADs in the Games was said to reflect the alleged growing ‘inclusion’ of people with disabilities in the wider society more broadly. The paper concludes by discussing some of the unintended consequences of including EADs in the Games, including those brought about by the classification system used to group athletes into events according to their particular impairment. Those which were associated with the supposed need for greater media coverage of EADs in ‘able-bodied’ sports competitions such as the Commonsealth Games. 相似文献
2.
In November 2013, local citizens of Munich and the surrounding districts voted in a referendum against a city’s bid for the 2022 Winter Olympic Games. Since this is but one example of such a failed referendum—others being the ones in Poland, Switzerland and Austria—it is astonishing that it seems to become common practice to conduct public polls regarding the bid for a mega sport event. The city of Hamburg, for instance, will be the next German city to hold a referendum on its bid for the 2024 Olympic Games in November 2015. Against this backdrop, we introduce the ‘Arenatheoretical Model’ into mega event research and conduct a qualitative content analysis of the media coverage on the Munich referendum. Three nationwide German newspapers were analysed as the model suggests that this coverage has a profound influence on the public opinion in other parts of the country. The aim was to identify arguments brought forward to explain the outcome of the referendum. Besides a number of other issues, such as concerns regarding event legacy and regional matters, major findings stress the significance of a damaged brand image of international sport organisations and ‘their’ events. Based on these insights, a number of implications can be derived for other cities/nations and sport organisations that depend on a favourable public opinion in their efforts to stage a mega sport event. 相似文献
3.
《Sport Management Review》2016,19(4):402-416
This paper addressed the following research questions: (1) How do the different event stakeholders view the principles associated with democratic governance (performance, accountability, transparency and stakeholder participation) in relation to planning major sports events? and (2) How informative are democratic governance principles for studying major sports events? An exploratory study of the stakeholders involved in the 2010 Vancouver Olympic Winter Games, 2014 Glasgow Commonwealth Games, and 2015 Toronto Pan American Games was undertaken using 55 interviews. Stakeholders’ perceptions of the principles were generally similar to definitions found in the governance literature (cf. Bevir, 2010, Callahan, 2007). However, this paper demonstrates that accountability, transparency and participation should be divided into internal and external aspects in order to better understand and enact the governance of sport events. As well, stakeholder participation was found to be a central principle, evolving over time and having to be planned and actively enacted to foster an emotional connection with the event. Thus, democratic governance principles can be used to examine the governance system (structures, processes) and stakeholder relationships found in major sport events, and highlight key areas of importance for event organizers and stakeholders in governing this complex environment. A model illustrating the interrelationships between the principles is offered. 相似文献
4.
AbstractIn recent years, volunteering has received strong research attention from both scholars and practitioners. For the most part, involvement in volunteer activities has been identified as an important determinant of future volunteering. Through revalidating an existing instrument, the purpose of this study was to assess the dimensions of volunteer satisfaction at the 2012 London Olympic Games and its impact on future volunteer behaviour. The findings of this study shed light on the identification of volunteer satisfaction factors in the mega sporting event setting, particularly for a unique type of volunteer (i.e. media worker) assigned to a special set of tasks. Unlike Galindo-Kuhn and Guzley’s results that revealed participation efficacy and group integration to be strong predictors of volunteer satisfaction, organizational support was the primary predictor for media centre volunteers’ re-participation intention towards future volunteering programmes. 相似文献
5.
《Sport Management Review》2016,19(3):352-360
The successful hosting of test events in the lead-up to a major event is not only a useful logistical tool and systems evaluation, but also signals to the world that the host city is ready and competent to host the main event. With the intense scrutiny of the media on all aspects of the venue, the city, and the competition, test events offer the potential for a city to establish (or enhance) its reputation as an event host, or to create doubt in its ability to host major events. The case follows the media coverage of the 2014 Pan Pacific Swimming Championships held on the Gold Coast Queensland, Australia, which served as a test event for the newly renovated Gold Coast Aquatics Centre in the lead-up to the 2018 Commonwealth Games. The case considers the implications and impacts of negative media coverage of an international event on the destination image of the host city. The case highlights the need for image recovery strategies for stakeholders within the destination who are concerned with the city's ability to host international sport events. 相似文献
6.
研究中国举办大型体育赛事存在问题的目的在于分析存在问题的原因,找出解决问题的对策,为大型体育赛事的可持续发展和中国今后举办体育赛事提供可资借鉴的理论依据。存在的主要问题:1、夸大体育赛事对社会的影响,包括政治、经济和文化等方面的影响。2、政府对举办赛事大量投入,包括各种隐性支出。3、体育赛事市场营销收入不高。4、动用过多的人力参加赛事组织工作。5、安保方面投入大量的人力、物力和财力,影响举办城市市民和观众的日常生活。6、大量体育场馆赛后闲置,增加赛事组织者和举办城市的经济负担。解决存在问题的对策:1、客观评价赛事对举办城市的社会影响,把办好体育赛事放到首位。2、加强政府对赛事的政策性支持,增加政府对赛事支出的透明度,减少隐性支出。3、建立专业化的市场营销团队,打造赛事品牌,增加赛事的收入。4、提升赛事的管理水平,核定工作岗位,控制各方面工作人员数量。5、加强对安保工作的科学化管理,赛事安全与举办城市市民和观众在正常环境中生活和观赛同步。6、从观念到行动,提高对比赛场馆赛后利用率的重视程度。 相似文献
7.
A legacy emphasis was one of the fundamental pillars of the London 2012 Olympic Games. The notion of an Olympic legacy was predicated on assumptions that the event's value would not purely derive from the sporting spectacle, but rather from the ‘success’ of enduring effects met out in London and across the country. For physical education students and practitioners, Olympic legacy agendas translated into persistent pressure to increase inspiration, engagement, participation and performance in the subject, sport and physical activity. Responding to this context, and cognizant of significant disciplinary scholarship, this paper reports initial data from the first phase of a longitudinal study involving Key Stage Three (students aged 11–13) cohorts in two comparable United Kingdom schools: the first an inner-city (core) London school adjacent to the Olympic Park in Stratford, East London (n = 150); the second a (peripheral) school in the Midlands (n = 198). The research involved the use of themed questionnaires focusing on self-reported attitudes towards the Olympic Games and experiences of physical education, sport and physical activity. Students from both schools demonstrated a wide variety of attitudes towards physical education and sport; yet, minor variances emerged regarding extreme enthusiasm levels. Both cohorts also expressed considerably mixed feelings towards the impending Olympic Games. Strong and variable responses were also reported regarding inspiration levels, ticketing acquisition and engagement levels. Consequently, this investigation can be read within the broader context of legacy debates and aligns well with physical educationalists' ongoing discomfort regarding legacy imperatives being enforced upon the discipline and its practitioners. Our work reiterates a shared disciplinary scepticism that while an Olympic Games may temporarily affect young peoples' affectations for sport (and maybe physical education and physical activity), it may not provide the best, or most appropriate, mechanism for sustained attitudinal and/or social changes en masse. 相似文献
8.
Marcus P. Chu 《Sport in Society》2016,19(10):1622-1634
This article intends to understand factors that determine provincial governments’ attitudes in supporting China’s international mega sports events. Through examining the tasks completed by the Guangdong provincial government for the 2010 Guangzhou Asian Games and the 2011 Shenzhen Summer World University Games, the findings confirmed that the political consideration of central leaders, the personal judgements of provincial authorities as well as the factional connection of municipal chiefs were all significant. The article concludes that to scrutinize all the powerful figures of the central, provincial and municipal governments is essential for future academic works with the aim of comprehending the attitude of the Chinese provincial governments towards any sport-related issues. 相似文献
9.
体育是“一带一路”倡议人文交流的重要依托,体育赛事对实现民心相通发挥积极作用。英联邦运动会的长期举办推动了英联邦国家的整体发展,是体育赛事交流的典型案例。通过对英联邦运动会与“一带一路”体育赛事的对比,分析其对“一带一路”体育赛事的借鉴作用,并探讨“一带一路”体育赛事交流的构想与策略。认为:开展“一带一路”体育赛事交流应建立“一带一路”体育组织,组建相应的工作机构,举办“一带一路”国家运动会;构建“多边体育合作机制”,不断扩大“一带一路”体育赛事的覆盖面,重视赛事风险并避免负面影响,鼓励、支持多国举办“一带一路”体育赛事。 相似文献
10.
Rachel Arnold Christopher R. D. Wagstaff Lauren Steadman Yasmin Pratt 《Journal of sports sciences》2017,35(12):1187-1196
Organisational stressors have been found to be prevalent and problematic for sport performers, with research identifying demographic differences in the stressors encountered. Nevertheless, extant sport psychology research on the topic of stress has generally focused on able-bodied athletes; whilst that which has been conducted on performers with a disability has typically recruited relatively small samples to explore a narrow selection of organisational stressors, or examined other components of the stress process. The purpose of the present study was to explore the various organisational stressors that athletes with a disability encounter. The sample comprised 18 elite athletes with a disability (10 male, 8 female) who had a classified disability and experience of competing at a major championships in their sport (e.g., Paralympic Games, World Championships). Participants took part in a semi-structured interview which was analysed by drawing from grounded theory procedures. A total of 316 organisational stressors were identified, which were abstracted into 31 concepts and four, previously conceptualised, exploratory schemes: leadership and personnel issues, cultural and team issues, logistical and environmental issues, and performance and personal issues. This study not only provides the first illustration of the prevalence of organisational stressors for athletes with a disability, but also significantly points to salient similarities and distinct differences between the stress experiences of performers with and without a disability. 相似文献
11.
The significance of sport, especially mega sport events, has been widely acknowledged as contributing to the development of nationalism and national identity.1 The use of the National Games by the nationalist government to promote Chinese nationalism and manage national identity in the Republic of China from 1910 to 1948 is examined in this paper. It begins with an interpretation of how Western sport was introduced to China, how China achieved its sovereignty of sport and how sport aided national salvation and nation-building. It examines the birth and the development of Chinese National Games, and the interplays of National Games and nationalism in the context of political and economic perspectives. It concludes that the promotion of National Games met the demands of China's national salvation and the principles of Chinese nationalism such as sovereignty, territorial integrity and patriotic sentiments. The National Games in the Republican China era played a role that was more than that of a sport event but one of shaping Chinese independent nationhood and national identity. 相似文献
12.
The management of the Olympic Games has changed significantly since the 1984 Los Angeles Olympic Games. The introduction of commercialisation probably saved the Olympic Games from a fateful crisis. It brought financial stability and attracted cities to bid for the Games. On the other hand, the impact of hosting the Olympic Games increased as more stakeholders became involved in its management. In addition, the global community became concerned about environmental issues. Global organisations including the International Olympic Committee (IOC) were required to take actions towards sustainable development. In this context, the debate regarding the Olympic legacy became of interest among stakeholders and researchers. The IOC introduced indicators to measure impact and legacy, which is now referred to as Olympic Games Impact (OGI). However, there are some issues in the current OGI study. This paper aims to suggest a theoretical approach which would contribute to solve the issues by focusing on sustainable sport legacy as an example. The proposed theoretical approach is focusing on event objective and analysing the relationship between sport policy and sport legacy development concentrated on the process and opportunity rather than the outcome. 相似文献
13.
大型体育赛事影响城市发展评价指标体系的建立及实证分析 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
采用德尔菲法等,建立大型体育赛事对城市发展影响的评价指标体系.以第6届全运会、第9届全运会为案例,运用评价指标体系评估大型体育赛事对广州城市发展的影响.从宏观评估结果看,大型体育赛事对广州城市经济发展的影响不明显;从微观评估结果看,大型体育赛事对广州城市发展的影响主要表现在人均铺装道路面积和人均拥有公共体育设施面积的扩大,以及对城市旅游事业的促进,但该影响具有阶段性特征. 相似文献
14.
我国竞技体育运动项目结构特征及奥运设项效益研究 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
运用数理统计法以我国高水平体育后备人才基地运动项目设置、各省（区、市）十运会和雅典奥运会所取得的成绩为研究对象，从运动项目结构和效益两个维度出发，分析我国运动项目结构的非均衡特征及形成机制，考察运动项目结构与全运战略和奥运战略的协调程度，对运动项目设项效益进行量化分析。研究表明，我国运动项目布局主要以全运竞争格局为导向，区域布局与普及率失衡，项目结构与奥运战略存在一定偏差，奥运设项效益偏低，通过竞赛体制改革，增进奥运战略导向力度，对运动项目结构进行调整是提高奥运设项效益的有效途径。 相似文献
15.
北京2008年奥运会增设武术项目影响因素研究 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
霍方 《体育科技文献通报》2009,17(8):6-8
武术比赛作为非奥运会项目的赛事活动，在2008年第29届奥运会上将与奥运项目一同进行比赛。面对这一现实，提出了武术进入奥运会的项目、奥运会面临瘦身的现实、东西方不同文化内涵等影响因素，确定了选好比赛项目、做好国内外宣传、争取奥委会支持等措施。 相似文献
16.
文章在总结奥运会与世博会合作的基础上,重点梳理了两大盛会合作的历史背景与功效,指出两大盛会的三次合作对于现代奥运会和世博会的发展有着重要的推动作用,提出了现代奥运会的意义已远远超越了体育本身,世博会的价值也不再只局限于对经济和科技的推动,两大盛会在精神和文化层面存在着相互带动和促进,在精神和文化价值方面有着认同;最后从两大盛会举办权的争夺、参与国家和人数以及赛事盈亏能力等方面进行了对比与分析。 相似文献
17.
Cora McCloy 《国际体育史杂志》2013,30(9):1155-1170
The Canadian federal government has a history of financing the hosting of large-scale international sport events, beginning with the 1930 Hamilton British Empire Games. Since the 1961 Fitness and Amateur Sport Act, the number, cost and impact of hosting these events has grown exponentially in an era of increasing efforts to showcase the nation on an international stage. Hosting events routinely results in a large infusion of government funding: the upshot is intensive bid competitions. Immediately following the act, the federal government furtively worked towards a hosting policy to guide its efforts in that regard. This paper tracks events and government processes influencing the development of a rational and planned approach for selecting those events (and cities) that benefited amateur sport and met other federal goals. A relatively obscure but key sport policy is uncovered and examined: the 1967 federal sport hosting policy. 相似文献
18.
Mega events have recently attracted the attention of social scientists due to their important role for festival capitalism, urban regeneration and political propaganda. Their planning stage often produces elaborate strategies for maximising the benefits before, during and after the actual event, which has given rise to interdisciplinary studies of event legacy and leveraging. This paper aims to advance ongoing debates on the outcomes of sports mega events by bringing together the literatures on mega event legacy, leveraging and actor-network theory. Drawing on a case study on the usage of the Queen Elizabeth Olympic Park, the main legacy of the London 2012 Olympic Games, the paper develops a novel conceptual framework for researching the multi-scalar outcomes of mega events and locating respective studies within the resulting wider research agenda. The proposed concept extends Preuss' (2007) legacy cube in two ways by visualising its five research dimensions in what we call the ‘legacy rings’ and by using three rather than two sub-dimensions per ring, thereby replacing the often restrictive dyads of dualistic thinking through more comprehensive but still understandable triads of triadic thought (Jöns, 2006, 2018). 相似文献
19.
Ian Brittain 《Sport, Education and Society》2013,18(1):75-94
Relatively little work has been carried out upon the effect of educational environment upon the sporting involvement of children with disabilities. This paper is concerned with the educational experiences of a group of athletes who competed in the Sydney 2000 Paralympic Games. It highlights the major influence that the impact of the educational experiences of a child with a disability can have upon many areas of the child's life. Not only do the experiences of physical education within school have a long‐term effect upon the participation, or otherwise, of individuals with disabilities in sport in later life, but they could also possibly affect the competitive strength of future Great Britain teams in the field of disability sport. 相似文献
20.