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儿童单纯性肥胖的遗传学和运动性治疗研究进展 总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3
对儿童单纯性肥胖的遗传学和运动性治疗的研究进展进行了综述,着重论述了与儿童单纯性肥胖相关的基因和基因标记、有关运动治疗儿童单纯性肥胖的争议,从而讨论了根据基因型预测儿童单纯性肥胖的研究倾向以及根据基因型对外界因子（饮食和运动）的敏感性制定控制和治疗肥胖的方案,同时对其今后研究趋势作了展望。 相似文献
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季钢 《体育科技文献通报》2005,13(10)
对18名单纯性肥胖青少年及18名同质非肥胖青少年血压、经颅多普勒脑血流动力学指标进行了检测和对比。1.分析与讨论(1)青少年肥胖的成因及危害有关专家认为,儿童肥胖者中绝大多数是单纯性肥胖,发生原因主要与以下因素有关:①饮食不节制,高脂肪和高糖类食物摄取过量;②运动量不足。儿童、青少年肥胖会给成年后的健康带来潜在危险。同时体重超重导致儿童、青少年体形欠佳、活动能力差;青少年肥胖者易患高血压、糖尿病、脂肪肝等“成人病”,在医学上称为成人疾病年轻化;肥胖伤害青少年的自尊心,使其心灵受到刺激。为了躲避他人嘲笑,很容易“不… 相似文献
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有氧运动对单纯性肥胖儿童血中瘦素、神经肽、胰岛素和肿瘤坏死因子的影响研究 总被引：4，自引：0，他引：4
目的：研究有氧运动对单纯性肥胖儿童血中瘦素（Leptin）、神经肽Y（NPY）、胰岛素（Insulin）和肿瘤坏死因子（TNFα）的影响，探讨有氧运动对单纯性肥胖儿童细胞因子与内分泌代谢的调控机制。方法：随机选取24名单纯性肥胖儿童和24名同质正常儿童作实验组和对照组，比较两组血中Leptin、NPY、Insulin、TNFα含量。肥胖组进行8周有氧运动训练，比较运动前后各成分的变化。结果：与正常对照组相比，单纯性肥胖儿童血中Leptin、NPY、Insulin、TNFα的含量发生异常增高；有氧运动后各项指标显著下降。结论：有氧运动对单纯性肥胖儿童的作用与血中Leptin、NPY、Insulin、TNFα水平的变化有关，坚持有氧运动可以改善它们在单纯性肥胖儿童血液中的水平。 相似文献
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随着国民生活水平的改善,我国学龄期儿童的生长发育和健康水平有了很大的提高,在营养不良迅速下降的同时,又出现了营养过剩的另一个极端,即发生了肥胖。据文献报道,全世界至少有十分之一的6至17岁学龄期儿童身体超重或肥胖,其中95%～97%的肥胖儿童为排除神经、内分泌及遗传代谢性疾病的单纯性肥胖（Simple Obesity）。 相似文献
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以TaqI限制性内切酶测定Fg基因的多态性与儿童单纯性肥胖进行关联研究，发现基因型的分布在单纯性肥胖组和正常体重组有显著差异(基因型分布P=0．029；等位基因频率p=0．005)。携带突变等住基因的儿童易于肥胖。从而推测Fg基因可能是儿童单纯性肥胖的基因标记。研究结果提示：通过测定基因基础不仅可以预测单纯性肥胖的倾向。而且可以为建立预防和干预肥胖的模型提供理论依据。 相似文献
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肥胖,绝大多数属于单纯性肥胖。导致单纯性肥胖最根本的原因是机体能量代谢失衡,脂肪过度堆积。肥胖已日益成为当今社会严重威胁人类健康的重要因素,运动减肥是最有效、最宜于健康的,而且副作用最小。本文针对单纯性肥胖人群运动减肥的机制及方法进行了探讨。 相似文献
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运用流行病学中的病例对照分析的研究方法,对85名学龄前儿童进行问卷调查,分析引起儿童单纯性肥胖的危险因素。结果显示,引起儿童单纯性肥胖的危险因素包含了儿童个人及其父母和家庭的不良饮食模式和行为习惯的多个方面。学龄前儿童作为一个特殊的群体,饮食模式及行为习惯的养成都易受到父母及家庭方面的影响,肥胖的形成也与父母及家庭因素有直接关系。 相似文献
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近年来,随着我国人民生活水平的不断提高,出现了越来越多的肥胖儿童,这些肥胖儿童绝大多数是无内分泌,代谢病因的单纯性肥胖儿童。由于近年来儿童肥胖症的发病率明显上升,且儿童肥胖症极易发展成为成人肥胖症,同时又是高血压、冠心病、糖尿病等疾病的 相似文献
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过去10年,我国城市社区居民增长的体重几乎等同于西方人在过去30年增长的体重,超重与肥胖可谓人体的定时炸弹,是看得见的人体健康第一杀手,改善社区居民超重与肥胖体质,应成为新常态下各级政府和相关部门的工作重点,这对提高国民体质、促进国民经济的增长具有重要的作用。分析我国城市社区居民体重质量状况与超重、肥胖的成因及危害,提出全面提高社区居民对健康的认识水平、构建科学的基层公共体育服务体系、加强社区体育指导员的培训和管理、建立科学减肥运动处方等改善城市社区居民超重与肥胖体质状况的策略。 相似文献
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通过对2013年河北省大学生体质监测的部分数据进行整理分析,揭示河北省大学生BMI与其各项体质指标的关系,结果显示河北省大学生多数学生处于BMI正常范围,且体重指数正常组的体质指标多数高于体重指数偏低或者超重肥胖的组别,偏轻组也较高于超重肥胖组。说明超重肥胖组的各项体质指标的下降与其体重指数过大相关。 相似文献
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The role of schools and physical education in promoting health, producing a ‘healthy nation’ and in tackling obesity has been increasingly recognised in recent years. In England this is evidenced by various policies, strategies and responses from government that have highlighted schools to be instrumental in addressing health broadly and obesity specifically. In addition, individual schools and teachers at the local level appear to be responding to the obesity issue in varied and different ways. However, we and other researchers feel that the discourse surrounding obesity and some of the reports, messages, policies and measures being taken to tackle it are misleading, misguided and could do more harm than good. At the same time, as physical educators committed to the health and development of young people, we feel unable to ignore the issue and compelled to act. We contend that ‘every child of every size matters’ and can benefit from regular engagement in physical education and physical activity and furthermore that, as a profession, we have a responsibility to provide all young people, of all sizes, with meaningful, relevant and positive physical education and physical activity experiences. Given this, we consider what role physical education can and should realistically, sensibly and safely play in addressing childhood overweight and obesity. Firstly, some of the key ‘facts’, issues and debates concerning obesity are explored and the way in which the issue appears to be being addressed in many schools is critiqued. We then briefly summarise some of the formal guidance and recommendations available to schools on obesity, before concluding with some practical recommendations to support physical education teachers in effectively engaging all children in physical activity both within and beyond physical education. 相似文献
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为探索改善湖北省师范类体育教师中存在的亚健康现状的有效措施,采用数理统计法、文献资料法、问卷调查法、实验研究法等方法,对湖北省师范类体育教师的健康及健康行为现状进行调查,调查结果显示：湖北省师范类体育教师的身体健康状况不容乐观,患病率最高的疾病为咽炎,占总人数的33.0%,其次是腰背痛、颈椎病和肩周炎,分别占总数的23.0%、19.3%和16.7%;44岁以上的超重人员比较多,体育教师的BMI值及超重和肥胖的比例随年龄的增长有增长的趋势,男体育教师的超重及肥胖的比例高于女体育教师,肥胖较容易发生在60-74岁之间,体育教师晚睡晚起,缺乏健康饮食的关注,吸烟喝酒现象比较多,对自己所患疾病一直进行相关治疗的教师只占调查总人数的11.0%。 相似文献
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甘肃省居民身体质量指数、腰围、腰臀比特点及一般身体锻炼效果研究 总被引：4，自引：0，他引：4
身体质量指数与体脂肪率存在着较高的相关关系 ,是评估体脂肪率简便而实用的方法之一 ,但是在实际运用中应充分考虑性别和各年龄组之间的差异。甘肃省居民超重和肥胖现象已相当突出 ,男性 30岁、女性 4 0岁组以上超重比例已达三分之一左右 ;一般的身体锻炼对控制体重或去脂效果不甚明显。有效控制肥胖 ,一是教育人们养成良好的生活方式、注意合理饮食、加强锻炼、保持健康心态等 ;二是研究制定适宜的运动控制体重等处方进行健康干预。 相似文献
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刘志远 《体育科技文献通报》2021,(2):37-38
为了了解近三年来武汉市洪山区高中生肥胖率变化,收集武汉市洪山区高中生2016-2018年体质健康数据库的数据作为研究对象。运用文献资料法、数理统计法和对比研究法,以国家学生体质健康标准(2014年修订)为评价标准对学生BMI数据进行分析。结果:2016-2018年武汉市洪山区高中生超重肥胖检出率呈上升趋势。武汉市洪山区高中生肥胖率随着年龄的增长呈下降趋势。武汉市洪山区高中学段中男生肥胖检出率要高于女生肥胖检出率。建议:加强学生健康意识培养,合理优化膳食结构,加强学生适量体育锻炼。 相似文献
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引入韦伯-费希纳定律、时间自相似和Sigma算法对2010和2014两年全国7~18岁学生超重、肥胖检出率的调研数据进行再分析。结果发现:(1)从2010到2014年,我国7~18岁学生超重、肥胖检出率在性别上无拓扑差异,即中小学男女生的超重、肥胖检出率均呈自限性过程;(2)从2010到2014年,我国7~18岁学生超重、肥胖检出率在城乡上有拓扑差异,主要表现为乡村好于城市;(3)从2010到2014年,我国7~18岁学生超重、肥胖检出率在时间上产生了拓扑相变,主要表现为城市男生的超重检出率和城市女生的超重、肥胖检出率均呈上升趋势,而城市男生和乡村男女生的肥胖检出率均维持不变。结果表明当前我国城乡中小学生群体中只有城市女生肥胖检出率呈持续上升趋势。 相似文献
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目的:通过整群随机抽样、问卷调查等研究方法,以芜湖市619名肥胖小学生为研究对象,分析城市肥胖儿生成的原因.发现儿童肥胖症成因中,饮食结构影响列首位;其余依次为学习压力过重,无暇锻炼身体;因居住条件限制,活动不足而发胖;家庭遗传倾向.同时,为克服小学生肥胖问题提出了一些干预措施. 相似文献
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《European Journal of Sport Science》2013,13(2):73-75
Abstract Recent data indicate that levels of overweight and obesity are increasing at an alarming rate throughout the world. At a population level (and commonly to assess individual health risk), the prevalence of overweight and obesity is calculated using cut-offs of the Body Mass Index (BMI) derived from height and weight. Similarly, the BMI is also used to classify individuals and to provide a notional indication of potential health risk. It is likely that epidemiologic surveys that are reliant on BMI as a measure of adiposity will overestimate the number of individuals in the overweight (and slightly obese) categories. This tendency to misclassify individuals may be more pronounced in athletic populations or groups in which the proportion of more active individuals is higher. This differential is most pronounced in sports where it is advantageous to have a high BMI (but not necessarily high fatness). To illustrate this point we calculated the BMIs of international professional rugby players from the four teams involved in the semi-finals of the 2003 Rugby Union World Cup. According to the World Health Organisation (WHO) cut-offs for BMI, approximately 65% of the players were classified as overweight and approximately 25% as obese. These findings demonstrate that a high BMI is commonplace (and a potentially desirable attribute for sport performance) in professional rugby players. An unanswered question is what proportion of the wider population, classified as overweight (or obese) according to the BMI, is misclassified according to both fatness and health risk? It is evident that being overweight should not be an obstacle to a physically active lifestyle. Similarly, a reliance on BMI alone may misclassify a number of individuals who might otherwise have been automatically considered fat and/or unfit. 相似文献
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In this review, we examine the original obesity paradox phenomenon (i.e. in cardiovascular disease populations, obese patients survive better), as well as three other related paradoxes (pre-obesity, "fat but fit" theory, and "healthy" obesity). An obesity paradox has been reported in a range of cardiovascular and non-cardiovascular conditions. Pre-obesity (defined as a body mass index of 25.0-29.9 kg · m?2) presents another paradox. Whereas "overweight" implies increased risk, it is in fact associated with decreased mortality risk compared with normal weight. Another paradox concerns the observation than when fitness is taken into account, the mortality risk associated with obesity is offset. The final paradox under consideration is the presence of a sizeable subset of obese individuals who are otherwise healthy. Consequently, a large segment of the overweight and obese population is not at increased risk for premature death. It appears therefore that low cardiorespiratory fitness and inactivity are a greater health threat than obesity, suggesting that more emphasis should be placed on increasing leisure time physical activity and cardiorespiratory fitness as the main strategy for reducing mortality risk in the broad population of overweight and obese adults. 相似文献