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以TaqI限制性内切酶测定Fg基因的多态性与儿童单纯性肥胖进行关联研究，发现基因型的分布在单纯性肥胖组和正常体重组有显著差异(基因型分布P=0．029；等位基因频率p=0．005)。携带突变等住基因的儿童易于肥胖。从而推测Fg基因可能是儿童单纯性肥胖的基因标记。研究结果提示：通过测定基因基础不仅可以预测单纯性肥胖的倾向。而且可以为建立预防和干预肥胖的模型提供理论依据。 相似文献
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研究目的探讨单纯性肥胖儿童与正常体重儿童最大有氧能力的差异,并究其差异是否与ACE基因I/D多态性关联.研究方法以自行建立的无任何损伤的口腔上皮细胞法提取DNA,进行基因多态性分析.研究结果单纯性肥胖儿童最大有氧能力低于正常体重儿童(P＜0.01),但这种差异与心室结构不相关.推测,中枢机制不是青春前期儿童最大有氧能力差异的主要限制因素.血管紧张素转化酶基因插入/缺失遗传多态与青春前期儿童最大有氧能力不关联,但与其室容积关联. 相似文献
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《体育科技文献通报》2001,(1)
G804.5 20010041儿童单纯性肥胖的遗传学和运动性治疗研究进展=Advance of genetics and exercise treatmentresearch for simple obesity in children[刊,中,A]/何子红,马力宏//天津体育学院学报.-2000.-15(3).-25-28表2参28(SML)肥胖病//儿童//遗传学//基因型//治疗//方法 相似文献
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肥胖儿减肥的运动处方和营养调配 总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3
通过查阅大量运动、减肥、饮食等资料,对儿童运动与减肥、饮食与肥胖之间的关系进行系统研究,制定出一套适合儿童身心特点的单纯性肥胖儿减肥的运动处方和营养调配。旨在预防和治疗儿童单纯性肥胖症。 相似文献
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有氧运动对单纯性肥胖儿童血中瘦素、神经肽、胰岛素和肿瘤坏死因子的影响研究 总被引：4，自引：0，他引：4
目的：研究有氧运动对单纯性肥胖儿童血中瘦素（Leptin）、神经肽Y（NPY）、胰岛素（Insulin）和肿瘤坏死因子（TNFα）的影响，探讨有氧运动对单纯性肥胖儿童细胞因子与内分泌代谢的调控机制。方法：随机选取24名单纯性肥胖儿童和24名同质正常儿童作实验组和对照组，比较两组血中Leptin、NPY、Insulin、TNFα含量。肥胖组进行8周有氧运动训练，比较运动前后各成分的变化。结果：与正常对照组相比，单纯性肥胖儿童血中Leptin、NPY、Insulin、TNFα的含量发生异常增高；有氧运动后各项指标显著下降。结论：有氧运动对单纯性肥胖儿童的作用与血中Leptin、NPY、Insulin、TNFα水平的变化有关，坚持有氧运动可以改善它们在单纯性肥胖儿童血液中的水平。 相似文献
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近年来儿童单纯性肥胖越来越多,其身心健康问题日趋严重,成为社会广泛关注的儿童健康问题。目前,主要通过行为矫正、合理饮食和适量运动来控制儿童单纯性肥胖。主要从儿童单纯性肥胖的流行现状、诊断方法、对儿童健康的危害及防治措施等方面进行综述。 相似文献
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运用流行病学中的病例对照分析的研究方法,对85名学龄前儿童进行问卷调查,分析引起儿童单纯性肥胖的危险因素。结果显示,引起儿童单纯性肥胖的危险因素包含了儿童个人及其父母和家庭的不良饮食模式和行为习惯的多个方面。学龄前儿童作为一个特殊的群体,饮食模式及行为习惯的养成都易受到父母及家庭方面的影响,肥胖的形成也与父母及家庭因素有直接关系。 相似文献
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《体育科技文献通报》1998,(6)
G804.3,G804.5 9801891儿童少年单纯性肥胖的综合治疗=Therapy onsimple obesity injuveniles[刊,中,I]/王佩云//天津体育学院学报.-1998.-13(1).-52-53表3(XG)儿童//少年//肥胖//治疗//运动疗法//减肥单纯性肥胖是指进食热量多于人体消耗量而 相似文献
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运用文献法和逻辑分析法对单纯性肥胖的致因与能量控制的策略进行了研究,就单纯性肥胖形成的原因以及如何具体制定科学的训练和饮食计划进行了阐述。提出单纯性肥胖的致因主要有摄食过多、基础代谢率低、胃肠的消化吸收功能障碍等。根据致因分析了食物热量与单纯性肥胖的关系以及科学运动对改善单纯性肥胖的作用,最后提出做到摄入足够营养的同时又控制食物的摄入热量、根据热量搭配每日所需食物及每日运动计划等能量控制策略。 相似文献
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This study examined the effect of carbohydrate ingestion on metabolic and performance-related responses during and after a simulated 1h cycling time trial. Eight trained male cyclists (VO 2 peak = 66.5ml kg -1 min -1 ) rode their own bicycles mounted on a windload simulator to imitate real riding conditions. At a self-selected maximal pace, the cyclists performed two 1h rides (separated by 7 days) and were fed either an 8% carbohydrate or placebo solution. The beverages were administered 25 min before (4.5ml kg -1 ) and at the end (4.5ml kg -1 ) of the ride. With carbohydrate feeding, plasma glucose tended (P = 0.21) to rise before the time trial. Compared with rest, the plasma glucose concentration decreased significantly (P < 0.05) at the end of both rides, with no statistically significant difference being observed between treatments. Thereafter, plasma glucose increased significantly (P < 0.05) at 15 and 30 min into recovery, and was significantly higher at 30 min during the carbohydrate trial compared with the placebo trial. No significant changes in plasma free fatty acids were observed during the ride. However, a significant increase (P < 0.05) in free fatty acids was found at 15 and 30 min into recovery, with no difference between trials. Mean power output was significantly (P < 0.05) greater during the carbohydrate compared with the placebo trial (mean - S.E.: 277-3 and 269-3W, respectively). The greater distance covered in the carbohydrate compared with the placebo trial (41.5-1.06 and 41.0–1.06km, respectively; P < 0.05) was equivalent to a 44s improvement. We conclude that pre-exercise carbohydrate ingestion significantly increases endurance performance in trained cyclists during a 1h simulated time trial. Although the mechanism for this enhancement in performance with carbohydrate ingestion cannot be surmised from the present results, it could be related to a higher rate of carbohydrate oxidation, or to favourable effects of carbohydrate ingestion on the central component of fatigue. 相似文献
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Roy J. Shephard 《Journal of sports sciences》2013,31(7):603-620
The biology and medicine of rowing are briefly reviewed. Effort in a 2000 -m race is about 70% aerobic. Because the boat (and in some instances a cox) must be propelled, successful competitors are very tall, with a large lean mass and aerobic power. Large hearts may lead to erroneous diagnoses of a cardiomyopathy. Large respiratory minute volumes must be developed by chest muscles that are also involved in rowing. The vital capacity is typically large, and breathing becomes entrained. Expiration cannot be slowed relative to inspiration (as normally occurs at high rates of ventilation) and the limiting flow velocity may be reached, with the potential for airway collapse. Performance is strongly related to the power output at the ‘anaerobic threshold’, and lactate measures provide a guide to an appropriate intensity of endurance training. Peak blood lactate levels are higher in males (commonly 11–19 mmol·l -1 and occasionally as high as 25 mmol·l -1) than in females (9–11 mmol·l -1), probably because males have a greater muscle mass in relation to blood volume. The skeletal muscles are predominantly slow twitch in type, developing an unusual force and power at low contraction velocities. Many rowers have a suboptimal diet, eating excessive amounts of fat. Lightweight rowers also have problems of weight cycling. Aerobic power and muscle endurance often change by 10% over the season, but such fluctuations can be largely avoided by a well-designed winter training programme. Injuries include back and knee problems, tenosynovitis of the wrist and, since the introduction of large blades, fractures of the costae. 相似文献
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Alan M. Nevill Roger L. Holder Andrew Bardsley Helen Calvert Stephen Jones 《Journal of sports sciences》2013,31(4):437-443
A regression analysis of competitors' tournament results in relation to their world rankings was proposed to identify the effect of home advantage in international ‘grand-slam’ tennis and ‘major’ golf tournaments. The results provided little evidence of home advantage in either the grand-slam tennis or the golf tournaments held in 1993. The only possible evidence of home advantage was found in the Wimbledon tennis and the US Open golf championships. Even these findings can be explained, at least partially, by (1) the availability of information concerning the low world rankings of the British tennis players competing at Wimbledon, and (2) selective entry, allowing only the world's top-ranked foreign golfers into the US open golf tournament. In both cases, the lower ranking home competitors have a greater opportunity to perform above their anticipated world rankings. Therefore, provided entry into tennis and golf tournaments is truly ‘open’ to both the host nation's representatives and foreign competitors alike, home advantage does not appear to be a major factor influencing the competitors' performance in such competitions. These findings may be explained by the relatively objective nature of the scoring systems used in tennis and golf, unlike the subjective influence of refereeing decisions on the results of team-games such as soccer. 相似文献
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许良 《体育科技文献通报》2011,19(2):1-4
基于1985、1995和2005年全国学生体质调研数据,对各时期我国城乡学生形态、机能、体能发展水平进行系统地定量研究,动态分析20年全国城乡学生体质发展的特点与规律。主要研究结果：（1）近20年城乡学生生长发育持续提前,城市学生各项形态指标生长水平高于乡村,身高城乡差距缩小,体重、胸围城乡差距加大;（2）城市学生肺活量水平高于乡村,城乡学生肺活量20年持续下降,前10年乡村学生下降快、后10年城市学生下降快;（3）乡村学生800m、1000m跑水平高于城市,城市女生50m跑、仰卧起坐水平高于乡村,其他素质城乡学生水平波动较大;（4）城市女生50m跑20年持续下降,城乡学生800m和1000m跑、城市学生50m×8往返跑20年加速下降,其他素质20年间有增有降发展极不平稳。 相似文献
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采用测量、问卷调查、数理统计等方法,分析定向运动学习前后对大学生身心健康的影响.结果经T检验和x2检验且表明：定向运动不仅能增强学生体质健康水平,而且有助于学生的情绪调节,增强自信心与创新意识,培养勇敢顽强的意志品质,建立良好的人际关系,能有效地促进学生身心健康发展.为了全面提高大学生整体素质,积极实践,构建定向运动课内外一体化教学模式,进行定向运动课程模块化教学,以满足学生的多元化需求. 相似文献
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重新认识体育的社会关联 总被引：3，自引：1，他引：2
体育与政治之间存在一个悖论，体育的发展与经济实力之间没有直线相关，体育与教育部分重叠，体育与宗教最为近缘，体育可借用科学手段，体育的艺术禀性日益明显，体育与养生反映着两种人生观。 相似文献
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本文在专家访谈、问卷调查、数理统计和文献资料分析的基础上,探析了上海社区体育竞赛参与者的特点、参与者对社区体育赛事运作管理的看法等问题。在此基础上从引进社区体育赛事的志愿者、整合社区体育赛事的各种资源、开发社区体育竞赛的无形资产、组建非营利性的专业团队、规范社区体育赛事的服务管理等方面提出了进一步满足上海社区居民日益增长的体育竞赛参赛需求的对策与措施。 相似文献
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对全面把握游泳训练环节的探讨 总被引：4，自引：0，他引：4
从系统观点出发,结合训练实践,对全面把握游泳训练环节进行探讨。认为应强化非智力因素在运动员多年训练中的作用,在育材全过程中不断选材,从整体上把握动态训练的全过程,把培养高水平运动员的整个过程置于一个严格的科学控制之下。 相似文献