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在我国当前高等教育规模扩大和毕业生就业制度改革的今天,大学生就业难问题凸显,大学生就业率持续下降,而在性别差异之下,女大学生与男大学生相比,其就业问题更加突出。本文通过对1990年至2011年的关于女大学生就业相关文献进行综述,立足于不同的视角高度概括了性别差异对女大学生就业的影响。 相似文献
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随着高职外语教学改革的不断深化,人们越来越认识到培养学生英语应用能力的重要性。针对这种现状,高职院校纷纷开设了行业英语的课程,行业英语有广义和狭义之分,广义的行业英语就是指专门用途英语（ESP）,它包含职业英语（EOP）与学术英语（EAP）;狭义的行业英语就是职业英语,是指结合学生所学的专业及与其今后的职业相关的技能英语。要提高学生的行业英语能力,教师的教学是极其重要的环节。高职院校行业英语教师分为两种,一种是普通语言教师,另一种是专业教师。两种老师各自承担行业英语的课程都会有困难,需要语言教师与专业教师的多模式的合作教学才能达到行业英语教学的预期目标。 相似文献
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Jiqun Liu Yiwei Wang Soumik Mandal Chirag Shah 《Information processing & management》2019,56(3):1010-1025
An individual's Web search behavior can be influenced by a number of factors, including features and functions of a search engine as well as search education. In contrast to the long-lasting attention to the algorithm and interface dimensions of search, there is a lack of research concerned with the potential effects of user education on search behavior. To address this gap, we ran a three-session field-lab-combined study to examine the effects of user education from two distinct sources – peer advice and cognitive authority (operationalized as video-based student's advice and expert's advice respectively) – on Web search behavior in two different search task scenarios (i.e., factual specific and factual amorphous tasks). We also tested if these behavioral effects persist for a short period of time when the explicit search tips are removed. Using 185 task session data generated by 31 participants in two field and one lab sessions, this study demonstrates that: (1) both peer advice and cognitive authority are effective in stimulating immediate behavioral changes in Web search; (2) the immediate behavioral impact of search advice is broader in factual amorphous task than in factual specific task; (3) framing search tips as the advice from cognitive authority is more likely to generate continuing, short-term effects on Web search behaviors. This research has implications for the design of task-aware user education as well as the study of users’ interactions with IR systems in general. 相似文献
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工资刚性下美国征收碳关税对中国的减排与经济影响简 总被引：1，自引：1，他引：0
美国制定的《清洁能源安全法案》计划在2020年对未实施碳减排限额国家的高排放出口产品征收碳关税。本文基于全球贸易分析-能源模型（GTAP-E）,利用递归动态方法,在考虑短期工资刚性,经济处在非完全均衡状态（即存在失业）下,分析预测美国在2020年实施碳关税对中国碳排放与经济的影响。研究结果表明,相比于已有研究普遍采用的充分就业假设,在工资刚性条件下,美国征收碳关税将对中国经济造成更为显著的负面影响,并导致较严重的失业问题。隐含碳含量较高的部门及其上属关联部门的产出下降幅度更显著,而隐含碳含量较低的部门产出增幅减缓,贸易平衡将显著低于充分就业闭合下的情景;此外,美国征收碳关税的减排效果也将进一步降低。 相似文献
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广东省能源消费碳排放增长的结构分解分析 总被引：4，自引：0，他引：4
本文以广东省1997年、2002年、2007年可比价投入产出表以及历年能源消费资料为基础数据,从碳排放系数、能源消费结构、能源消费强度、中间投入结构、最终需求结构以及最终需求规模等6个因素对1997年-2007年广东省能源消费碳排放增长进行了结构分解分析。结果表明：①1997年-2007年广东省能源消费碳排放总量增加了204.50Mt-CO2,其中,最终需求规模扩张对碳排放增量的贡献率为182.8%,相反,能源消费强度的变化使碳排放减少了41.9%,其余4个因素的变化使碳排放减少了40.9%;②最终需求规模是引起各部门隐含排放增长的主要驱动力,但是在其他因素的共同影响下,半数部门因其产品需求而引起的隐含排放在1997年-2007年间并没有明显的增长。 相似文献
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数字化转型对企业劳动力就业的影响研究 《科学学研究》2023,41(2):241-252
数字经济时代,数字化转型对制造业企业劳动力就业的影响日益受到关注。本文基于中国A股制造业上市公司数据,实证检验了数字化转型对企业就业规模和就业结构的影响。本文发现数字化转型显著促进了劳动力就业,已经成为数字经济时代扩张劳动力需求、拉动就业的强劲驱动力。在影响机制方面,数字化转型可以通过市场规模效应、经营范围效应和生产率效应三条途径促进劳动力就业。基于异质性的研究发现,对于高科技企业、技术密集型企业和中西部地区企业,数字化转型的就业促进效应更加明显。最后,本文还发现数字化转型可以提高高学历人员占比和高技能人员占比,优化企业的劳动力结构。本文研究结论有助于准确评估数字化转型的就业效应,为实现数字经济时代下的充分就业和高质量就业提供经验证据和政策启示。 相似文献
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以新经济地理学经典的工资方程为理论基础,利用我国2000～2009年30个省(市)的面板数据,检验了各种类型的市场潜能(金融外部性)、就业密度(技术外部性)和地区工资的关系。分析发现,无论是全国样本还是分地区样本,市场潜能对地区工资的正向效应显著;就业密度外部性对地区工资具有"门槛"效应;除中西部地区外,国外市场潜能(出口开放)和国内市场潜能之间具有明显的替代关系。 相似文献
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该文借助我国1990～2008年时序数据,综合采取序列平稳检验、协整分析、误差修正模型及其Granger因果关系检验等计量技术,考察了农业科技投入与农业劳动力非农转移就业之间的相关关系。实证结果显示:农业科技投入与农业劳动力非农转移就业之间存在长期均衡关系,其中农业科技人力投入对农业劳动力非农就业有显著正向影响,但农业科技财力投入对农业劳动力非农就业的作用尚不明显;农业劳动力非农就业短期波动受到农业科技财力和人力短期变动的影响不明显,其短期变动主要受前一时期非均衡程度的影响,当农业劳动力非农转移就业短期波动偏离长期均衡时,将以9.60%的调整力度将非均衡状态拉回至均衡状态;农业劳动力农外转移就业不是农业科技财力和人力投入增加的格兰杰原因,但农业科技财力和人力投入的前期变化能解释农业劳动力农外转移就业变化情况。最后是基于实证研究的政策启示。 相似文献
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在全球经济不景气的大背景下,我国产业结构也正处于调整升级的阶段,多种因素导致经济增速下滑,大学生就业形势较为严峻,而贫困大学生群体在自身和社会支持等方面相对处于弱势,就业更加困难,通过SWOT策略分析,为贫困大学生以及社会各层面做科学决策提供了分析和参考。 相似文献
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《International Journal of Information Management》1987,7(3):115-129
This paper examines the implications of recent and future technological changes and choices in the banking industry. It tries to avoid one common approach, namely: listing new computing and telecommunications equipment; assessing how rapidly it will diffuse into the banks; and then assessing the effects on employment and skills. The reason for avoiding this approach is because it has not been successful in building up a picture of the complex relationships between technological changes and employment and work. Our approach attempts to integrate classification of technological changes with study of banking operations and competition and cooperation within and between banking and financial organizations. The paper concentrates on issues surrounding technological innovations in the clearing banks. 相似文献
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大学生的就业观对其就业具有导向作用,新形势下,“90后”大学生的就业观发生了很大变化,出现了许多新问题和新情况.本文在分析“90后”大学生就业观特征及存在问题的基础上,探索高校大学生就业指导工作. 相似文献
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基于中国2007-2018年的省级面板数据,利用空间杜宾模型比较独立和协同情景中科技创新与科技创业的"本地-邻地"就业效应,并考察科技创新与科技创业在门槛约束下对就业的差异性影响.结果 表明,科技创新对本地和经济距离邻近地区就业具有促进作用,但科技创业未能对本地和邻地就业产生显著影响;科技创新与科技创业的协同对本地就业存在积极作用,且能同时带动地理和经济距离邻近地区的就业;提高科技创业水平能够抑制科技创新对就业的破坏作用,而提高科技创新水平能够强化科技创业对就业促进作用. 相似文献
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We investigated the searching behaviors of twenty-four children in grades 6, 7, and 8 (ages 11–13) in finding information on three types of search tasks in Google. Children conducted 72 search sessions and issued 150 queries. Children's phrase- and question-like queries combined were much more prevalent than keyword queries (70% vs. 30%, respectively). Fifty two percent of the queries were reformulations (33 sessions). We classified children's query reformulation types into five classes based on the taxonomy by Liu et al. (2010). We found that most query reformulations were by Substitution and Specialization, and that children hardly repeated queries. We categorized children's queries by task facets and examined the way they expressed these facets in their query formulations and reformulations. Oldest children tended to target the general topic of search tasks in their queries most frequently, whereas younger children expressed one of the two facets more often. We assessed children's achieved task outcomes using the search task outcomes measure we developed. Children were mostly more successful on the fact-finding and fully self-generated task and partially successful on the research-oriented task. Query type, reformulation type, achieved task outcomes, and expressing task facets varied by task type and grade level. There was no significant effect of query length in words or of the number of queries issued on search task outcomes. The study findings have implications for human intervention, digital literacy, search task literacy, as well as for system intervention to support children's query formulation and reformulation during interaction with Google. 相似文献
15.
《Research Policy》2022,51(5):104494
This paper focuses on the creation of new markets through technological exaptation i.e. the repurposing of existing technologies to serve new functions in a different market domain. We conceptualize the ability of new ventures to create new market applications for existing technologies as dependent on the knowledge, skills, and cognitive frames developed by the founding teams’ members during their professional careers. Specifically, we hypothesize that the extent of the founding team's employment experience across different organizations influences the probability that the new venture will create a new market through technological exaptation. We also explain why experience in entrepreneurially prominent organizations changes this relationship at various levels of prior employment experience. We test our arguments using data on blockchain startups (and their founders/co-founders) in the worldwide energy sector established between 2010 and 2019. The results show that the likelihood that a new venture develops a new market application for blockchain technology in the energy sector is associated with the professional experience of the founding team members. We discuss the implications of these findings. 相似文献
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我国高校毕业生跨区域流动的机制、影响及其对策 总被引：6，自引：0，他引：6
本文通过一些相关统计指标的计算对比，证明了高校毕业生就业在沿海与内地之间的不平衡性。在此基础上，分析了高校毕业生跨区域流动的机制，认为沿海与内地区域经济发展的不平衡性、劳动人事制度改革的不同步性以及提供就业岗位能力等方面的差异共同影响了这种人力资源的初次配置过程，接着分析了高校毕业生跨区域流动的消极影响，认为它加剧了区域经济的不平衡性，同时也不利于调动高校投资主体的积极性。文章最后提出了相应的对策：一是加大西部开发的力度；二是调整西部高校的专业结构；三是在西部建立“地区年功序列”制度。 相似文献
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近年来,随着就业形势的日益严峻,医学生的就业能力成为影响就业的重要因素。笔者认为,人文素质教育是提高医学生就业能力的重要途径。本文将从中外对于就业能力的解释、医学生就业能力的核心构成要素以及以人文素质教育为核心提升医学生就业能力的策略三个方面入手对提高医学生的就业能力问题进行探讨。 相似文献
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《Information processing & management》2023,60(2):103234
Detecting suicidal tendencies and preventing suicides is an important social goal. The rise and continuance of emotion, the emotion category, and the intensity of the emotion are important clues about suicidal tendencies. The three determinants of emotion, viz. Valence, Arousal, and Dominance (VAD) can help determine a person’s exact emotion(s) and its intensity. This paper introduces an end-to-end VAD-assisted transformer-based multi-task network for detecting emotion (primary task) and its intensity (auxiliary task) in suicide notes. As part of this research, we expand the utility of the emotion-annotated benchmark dataset of suicide notes, CEASE-v2.0, by annotating all its sentences with emotion intensity labels. Empirical results show that our multi-task method performs better than the corresponding single-task systems, with the best attained overall Mean Recall (MR) of 65.25% on the emotion task. On a similar task, we improved MR by 8.78% over the existing state-of-the-art system. We evaluated our approach on three benchmark datasets for three different tasks. We observed that the introduced method consistently outperformed existing state-of-the-art approaches on the studied datasets, demonstrating its capacity to generalize to other downstream correlated tasks. We qualitatively examined our model’s output by comparing it to the labeling of a psychiatrist. 相似文献
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推动农村农地流转和劳动力转移有序健康发展是中国全面深化农村改革、实现乡村振兴的重要内容。本文利用江苏、江西、辽宁和重庆的1248户农户实地调查数据,运用双变量有序probit模型,实证分析了农户农地流转和劳动力转移决策行为的相关关系及其影响因素。研究表明：①农户农地流转和劳动力转移决策行为之间具有显著的正向相关关系,农户对土地和劳动力资源的配置决策具有方向一致性的特征。②农户农地流转和劳动力转移决策行为受到若干因素的显著影响。农户拥有的人力资本（劳动力数量、劳动力健康、劳动力教育、劳动力年龄、劳动力农业技能培训、受抚养子女比例和老年人比例）、社会资本（劳动力非农务工经验）、自然资本（承包地面积）、物质资本（耐用消费品资产、农业生产性固定资产）以及所在地外部环境特征（村庄农地流转情况、劳动力非农务工情况）都会显著影响农户农地流转和劳动力转移决策行为。本文认为,在农村经济结构转型升级、乡村振兴战略全面推进的新发展格局下,政府应为农村农地流转市场和劳动力市场的协调发展提供相应的政策支持,注重农户不同类型生计资本的数量积累和质量提升,从而进一步提高农户农地流转和劳动力转移的积极性和稳定性。 相似文献