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资源型城市往往存在城镇居民可支配收入差距过大的问题,在进入新世纪后,受多种因素的影响收入差距出现新的变化,其原因主要有金融危机的爆发、煤炭资源的整合、中低收入群体收入增长较慢、社会保障制度不健全等。解决的途径主要有促进资源经济的转型发展．带动相关产业的大力发展,增加中低收入群体的收入,以及继续完善社会保障制度和政策等。 相似文献
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食品价格上涨对不同收入等级城镇居民消费行为与福利的影响——基于QUAIDS模型的研究 总被引：4，自引：0，他引：4
本文利用2007年中国居民收入调查数据(CHIPS),运用二次几乎完美需求系统(QUAIDS)模型和补偿变量法,实证分析了食品价格上涨对不同收入等级城镇家庭消费行为与福利的影响.结果表明,面对食品价格上涨,低收入家庭倾向于维持原有食品消费数量而减少其它商品消费数量.而高收入家庭倾向于减少一些高档食品消费而维持其他商品消费数量.另外,食品价格上涨对低收入家庭福利的影响程度高于高收入家庭,以食品价格上涨20％为例,低收入家庭福利损失9.05％,而高收入家庭福利损失仅仅为5.91％.因此,政府要充分考虑到低收入家庭在面临食品价格上涨时所表现出的脆弱性进而制定相应的福利政策,以帮助低收入群体抵御食品价格上涨的影响. 相似文献
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面板模型是当今国际流行的数据分析方法。本文通过建立消费支出的PANEL-DATA模型,对江西省城镇居民收入等级因素对各项消费支出的影响进行了研究。结果显示,收入差距是影响消费结构的重要因素,不同收入组的居民消费行为差异很大。最后根据分析提出了缩小居民收入差距、扩大消费需求等对策。 相似文献
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《内蒙古科技与经济》2021,(1)
分析了安徽省城镇居民收入和消费的现状,从收入层次结构探索对消费的影响角度,从收入比重、平均消费倾向、影响因子和分配地位4个角度切入,探索了不同收入阶层之间收入和消费的差别,表明各个阶层收入差距明显,最后从缩小收入差距,完善就业政策入手提出了相关政策建议。 相似文献
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中国城镇居民生活消费诱发的完全能源消耗 总被引：8，自引：1，他引：7
利用投入产出分析方法,结合城乡居民生活消费数据,测算了1995年～2004年中国城镇居民生活消费诱发的完全能源消耗。研究结果显示：①1995年～2004年,中国城镇居民生活消费诱发的完全能耗占一次能源消耗总量的比例从19%增加到30%,人均完全生活能耗从656kg标准煤增加到1040kg标准煤,其中,由生活消费品支出诱发的间接能耗占完全生活能耗的比例从69％上升到79%;②不同收入阶层和不同省区的城镇居民消费诱发的人均能耗存在显著差异,高收入阶层和经济发达的沿海省区城镇居民生活消费诱发的完全能耗远高于中低收入阶层和内陆地区,前者的能耗增长速度也快于后者;③以交通出行和居住消费为特征的生活方式转变是诱发能耗增加的重要因素,从全国平均看,居住消费和交通支出诱发的能耗占完全生活能耗的比例2004年达到41％;不同收入阶层和不同区域之间城镇居民居住消费和交通支出诱发的能耗存在着较大差异,高收入阶层和经济发达地区远高于中低收入阶层和中西部地区;④1995年～2004年,全国城镇人均完全生活能耗由于能源强度下降减少了313kg标准煤,如无能源强度下降,人均完全生活能耗将达到697kg标准煤。能源强度下降对高收入阶层和沿海地区的能耗降低效果尤为明显;⑤未来低收入阶层和欠发达区域的生活消费增加将会诱发完全生活能耗的进一步增长。改善民生、保障居民生活消费需要维持一定数量的能耗,降低能源强度对于控制能耗和温室气体排放至关重要,与此同时,需要引导高收入阶层和经济发达地区转变消费模式,积极发展低碳生活方式。 相似文献
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北京市城镇居民不同收入家庭消费结构分析与预测 总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3
１引言九十年代以来,随着北京市城镇居民收入水平的显著提高,居民的收入差距也在逐渐扩大。按收入水平划分,北京市城镇居民家庭分为高、中、低三种类型,即高收入户（包括中等偏上收入户）、中等收入户和低收入户（包括中等偏下收入户）（依据《北京市统计年鉴》）。在... 相似文献
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甘肃省1992年～2005年城镇不同收入群体的虚拟水消费特征 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
水资源短缺已经成为制约社会经济发展的关键因素,虚拟水理论的提出为解决该问题提供了新思路。本文核算了甘肃省1992年～2005年城镇不同收入群体虚拟水消费量,并从虚拟水消费量与消费性支出、单位消费性支出的虚拟水和虚拟水消费多样性指数三方面,分析城镇各收入群体虚拟水消费特征。从计算结果可以发现：①过去的14年中各收入组群的虚拟水消费量整体上呈逐年下降趋势,且1992年～1997年下降的速度要快于1998年～2005年;②各收入群体的单位消费性支出的虚拟水值整体呈现下降趋势,下降幅度最大的是最低收入户组,下降幅度最小的为最高收入户组,1992年～1997年间下降的速度远快于1998年～2005年;③14年中虚拟水消费多样性指数不断增加,各组群的虚拟水消费多样性指数在1992年～1997年间的变化幅度,比1998年～2005年间变化幅度大。通过以上分析发现,在不影响人类生活质量,满足人类对于生活消费品的需求的同时,改变消费结构和改善消费模式,提高消费的多样性,是切实可行的节水措施,这一点对于地处西北干旱区、社会经济高速发展的甘肃省来讲,尤其重要。 相似文献
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随着经济危机的深入,广东省出口导向型发展模式受到极大的冲击,急需通过拉动本省居民消费需求来维持经济的平稳发展。本文运用协整和误差修正模型,对广东省城镇居民收入-消费关系进行实证研究,结果表明：城镇居民收入与消费之间存在长期均衡关系。因此,增加居民收入,完善信贷市场,健全社会保障体系是促进城镇居民消费的有效途径。 相似文献
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我国城乡居民消费影响因素的比较分析 总被引：5，自引：0，他引：5
本文通过建立协整方程和误差修正模型,从城乡比较视角分析我国居民消费需求的影响因素,研究发现:收入水平对城乡居民消费的影响程度最大,而收入分配和政府支出对城乡居民消费影响的绝对程度基本相同,但二者对城乡居民消费的影响效应却存在显著性差异;政府支出对城镇居民消费具有正向挤入效应,而对农村居民消费则产生负向挤出效应;尽管城乡居民消费与收入分配差距都呈负向变动关系,但农村居民消费对收入分配差距弹性系数较大. 相似文献
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Marjorie Armstrong-Stassen Margaret Landstrom Ramona Lumpkin 《The Information Society》1998,14(2):153-164
This study examined how students who had no prior experience with videoconferencing would react to the use of videoconferencing as an instructional medium. Students enrolled in seven different courses completed a questionnaire at the beginning of the semester and again at the end of the semester. Students at the origination and remote sites did not differ in their reactions toward videoconferencing but there was a significant difference for gender. Women reacted less favorably to videoconferencing. Compared to the beginning of the semester, students reported significantly less positive attitudes toward taking a course through videoconferencing at the end of the semester. There were no significant differences in students' attitudes toward videoconferencing across courses at the beginning of the semester but there were significant differences across the courses at the end of the semester. The results suggest the need for better preparation for both students and instructors. 相似文献
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A joint study by Prof. ZHANG Zhibin from the CAS Institute of Zoology his co-workers from Norway US Swiss have indicated that historical outbreaks of migratory locusts in China were associated with cold spells suggesting that China's projected climate warming could decrease the pest's numbers. The study was published in Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences on September .…… 《中国科学院院刊(英文版)》2008,22(1):6-7
Ajoint study by Prof. ZHANG Zhibin from the CAS Institute of Zoology and his co-workers from Norway, US and Swiss have indicated that historical outbreaks of migratory locusts in China were associated with cold spells, suggesting that China＇s projected climate warming could decrease the pest＇s numbers. The study was published in Proceedings of theNational Academy of Sciences on 17 September, 2007. 相似文献
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Caroline Haythornthwaite 《The Information Society》2001,17(3):211-226
A computer-mediated group is a complex entity whose members exchange many types of information via multiple means of communication in pursuit of goals specific to their environment. Over time, they coordinate technical features of media with locally enacted use to achieve a viable working arrangement. To explore this complex interaction, a case study is presented of the social networks of interactions and media use among members of a class of computer-supported distance learners. Results show how group structures associated with project teams dominated who communicated with whom, about what, and via which media over the term, and how media came to occupy their own communication niches: Webboard for diffuse class-wide communication; Internet Relay Chat more to named others but still for general communication across the class; and e-mail primarily for intrateam communication. Face-to-face interaction, occurring only during a short on-campus session, appears to have had a catalytic effect on social and emotional exchanges. Results suggest the need to structure exchanges to balance class-wide sharing of ideas with subgroup interactions that facilitate project completion, and to provide media that support these two modes of interaction. 相似文献
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《中国科学院院刊(英文版)》2008,22(1):2-3
CAS should stick to the principle of rendering service to, and giving impetus for, the development of China＇s science enterprise by making S＆T innovations, said CAS President LU Yongxiang. The CAS president made the remarks in a recent talk to communicate the gist of the winter session of the Party＇s Leading-member Group at CAS, which was held from 7 to 11 January in Beijing. 相似文献
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Electronic data interchange (EDI) provides means for interorganizational communication, creates network externalities, requires an advanced information technology (IT) infrastructure, and relies on standards. In the diffusion of such innovations, institutional involvement is imperative. Such institutions contain governmental agencies, national and global standardization organizations, local government, and nonprofit private organizations like industry associations. The last type of organizations we call intermediating institutions. They intermediate or coordinate ("inscribe") the activities of a group of would-be adopters. Unfortunately, little is known of how these organizations shape the EDI diffusion trajectory. In this article we examine one specific type of intermediating organizations?industry associations?and how they advanced the EDI diffusion process in the grocery sectors of Hong Kong, Denmark and Finland. We identify six institutional measures, placed into a matrix formed by the mode of involvement (influence vs. regulation) and the type of diffusion force (supply push vs. demand pull), that can be mobilized to further the EDI diffusion. Industry associations were found to be active users of all these measures to varying degrees. Their role was critical especially in knowledge building, knowledge deployment, and standard setting. Furthermore, institutional involvement varied due to policy and cultural contingencies and power dependencies. 相似文献
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《中国科学院院刊(英文版)》2008,22(1)
With great care, Dr. ZHOU Zhonghe takes out a package wrapped by cotton tissue from a drawer and says: "This is the gem of our collections: the fossil of a bird that lived 125 million years ago!" Then, pointing at a tiny mound, he explains: "Look, this is the claw and that is the head. It was in the egg shell and ready to hatch ... The species fell into a family of waterside inhabitants." 相似文献
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Puay Tang 《The Information Society》1998,14(1):19-31
The increasing prospects of digital piracy has prompted the perceived need by electronic publishers to adopt technical systems of protection, and governments to reform their copyright laws. This article is a preliminary study of the management of intellectual property by electronic publishers, defined as those involved in the production of online databases, and CD-ROMs. It focuses on three main issues: (1) how electronic publishers view the increasing threat of piracy; (2) the methods of protection employed to protect intellectual property in digital format; and (3) the importance of technological protection of intellectual property in electronic publications. The analysis is based on a sample of 23 UK electronic publishers. The interviews revealed an interesting assortment of protection methods and did not show that technological protection was a preferred way. Instead, the means of protection, in addition to copyright law, comprised niche markets, pricing, trust, bad publicity, and nontechnical and technical means. 相似文献
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Milton Mueller 《The Information Society》2001,17(3):151-163
Long-standing conflict between domain name registrants and trademark holders prompted the Internet Corporation for Assigned Names and Numbers (ICANN) to create a global, mandatory arbitration procedure known as the Uniform Dispute Resolution Policy (UDRP). The UDRP has been used in 2166 cases involving 3938 domain names as of 1 November 2000. The policy gives the initiator of a complaint, generally a trademark holder, the right to choose which ICANN-accredited dispute resolution service provider (RSP) will handle the case. During the preparation of the UDRP,some feared that complainant selection would lead to "forum shopping" that might bias the results. This article performs a statistical assessment of the forum-shopping thesis and finds support for it. There are statistically significant differences in the various RSPs' propensity to take away names from defendants; there are also major differences in the number of cases brought to each RSP. RSPs who take away names have the larger share of cases. The study examines other variables that might explain differences in market share, such as price, the plaintiff's nationality, or the time taken to decide a case. It finds that nationality and time also are correlated with market share. The study concludes that shopping for a favorable outcome is an important factor in the UDRP. 相似文献
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Prof. Raymond C.K. Chen a neuropsychologist with the CAS Institute of Psychology has made novel progress in his studies of schizophrenia. His work has been reported by a recent issue of Behavioural Neurology.…… 《中国科学院院刊(英文版)》2008,22(1):15-15
Prof. Raymond C.K. Chen, a neuropsychologist with the CAS Institute of Psychology, has made novel progress in his studies of schizophrenia. His work has been reported by a recent issue of Behavioural Neurology. 相似文献
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Leah A. Lievrouw 《The Information Society》1998,14(2):83-96
The main premise of this article is that in information societies generally, and in virtual social contexts particularly, a distinctive style of interaction to facilitate the communication of difference, heterotopic communication , has emerged. It rests on two cultural foundations: an ideological belief in the positive, socially integrating power of communication, and a prevailing ethic of instrumental rationality, subjective individualism, and strategically practiced self-interest. The former is demonstrated by the use of simulation and spectacle as sources of information; exhibitionism/voyeurism as a communicative style; and the awareness of surveillance. The latter is seen in the competitive use of knowledge as a commodity; a surface globalism masking deep parochialism; lateral as well as vertical information inequity; and the use of public versus private as strategies for engagement rather than as spaces. Those who engage in heterotopic communication resort to their 'own devices' both in the sense of personal agendas, strategies, interests, and interpretations, and in the form of the telecommunication tools that help realize them. These personal and technological devices allow individuals with the right educational and technical resources to avoid exposure to disagreement, difference, or other information that does not serve their direct purposes or reflect their particular views of the world; yet they also help convey the appearance of openness, availability, and cooperation. This style of interaction is used strategically in combination with information and communication technologies to gain social or economic advantages, but it may encourage social separatism and parochialism, inhibit the negotiation of disputes, and emphasize competing interests. 相似文献