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1.
Brock WH 《Endeavour》2002,26(3):87-91
Forging a scientific career in 19th-century Britain was difficult for most middle-class scientists. Despite his discovery of thallium in 1861 and later distinction as an experimental physicist that led him to the Presidency of the Royal Society (1913-1915), William Crookes (1832-1919) never obtained one of the limited number of academic or official positions. Scientific journalism and commercial activities were eventually to bring him financial security, but before that he was an opportunist willing to try his hand at anything that would win him national publicity. This is illustrated by his intervention in the great cattle plague epidemic that swept the UK between 1865 and 1866. 相似文献
2.
William A Smeaton 《Endeavour》1983,7(1):38-40
This article is published to mark the tercentenary of the birth of Réaumur. Today, his work is rather little appreciated but his contemporaries called him the Pliny of the eighteenth century, and in his breadth of knowledge and interest he has been likened to Francis Bacon. He is commonly remembered for his achievements in the systematic application of science to industry but he also did important biological work, particularly in entomology. 相似文献
3.
Humphries P 《Endeavour》2007,31(4):134-139
When Napoléon Bonaparte invaded Egypt in 1798, he took with him a group of savants to study the natural history, architecture, ancient history and society of Egypt. One young naturalist, Etienne Geoffroy Saint-Hilaire, went along and made his mark in the study of living and mummified animals, setting the course for his future successes and fame when he returned to Paris in 1801. But during his time in Egypt, when he was free to roam physically and intellectually, he formulated a radical, all-encompassing theory, which he claimed could explain all natural forces and processes in the world. 相似文献
4.
芥川龙之介因为受中国古典文学的影响．所以认为中国是一个神秘、美好的国家．中国人都是充满英雄色彩的豪杰．但是在他的中国之行后．这种认识发生了变化——对当时的中国现状及中国人感到了失望．这种对中国认识的变化影响了芥川的文学创作。本文试在前人研究的基础上探寻芥川对中国认识的变化过程并分析对其文学创作的影响。 相似文献
5.
托马斯·库恩是20世纪最伟大的科学哲学家和科学史学家。由他划时代著作《科学革命的结构》产生出来的"范式"和"范式转换"已经成为我们的日常生活用语。一方面,库恩自认在哲学上的最大贡献是"不可通约性",但这一点遭到多方非议。另一方面,当他被认为是"科学知识社会学"(SSK)强纲领的思想先驱时,他却拒绝承认SSK的主张;他在学术上的同路人少得可怜,与他在思想界的巨大影响完全不成比例。库恩从登上学术舞台开始,就遭到不同程度的误解,他一直在寻找自己的身份定位。本文试图通过梳理矛盾的库恩形象,他与学生的关系以及影响他的思想形成的几大事件,从"误解"与"被误解"的角度来阐释库恩的心路历程。我们的目的不是"去魅",更不想树立新的偶像,而是试图还原一个真实的库恩。 相似文献
6.
This case study analyzes the Internet-based resources that a software engineer uses in his daily work. Methodologically, we studied the web browser history of the participant, classifying all the web pages he had seen over a period of 12 days into web genres. We interviewed him before and after the analysis of the web browser history. In the first interview, he spoke about his general information behavior; in the second, he commented on each web genre, explaining why and how he used them. As a result, three approaches allow us to describe the set of 23 web genres obtained: (a) the purposes they serve for the participant; (b) the role they play in the various work and search phases; (c) and the way they are used in combination with each other. Further observations concern the way the participant assesses quality of web-based resources, and his information behavior as a software engineer. 相似文献
7.
Endersby J 《Endeavour》2001,25(1):3-7
Joseph Hooker became one of the most influential botanists of his day. He is best remembered as a friend of Charles Darwin and an early advocate of natural selection. However, after returning to Britain from his first major voyage, Hooker spent years struggling to find a paid position that would allow him to pursue his studies of plant classification and distribution. As he worked to establish himself, he also helped transform the status of botany as a discipline. In all his efforts, Hooker relied on a network of unpaid, colonial collectors, whose often-forgotten contributions to Victorian natural history are vital to the understanding of the professionalization of the sciences in the 19th century. 相似文献
8.
Richard Joseph 《普罗米修斯》2015,33(4):465-474
Don Lamberton’s enthusiasm for the study of information economics has played an influential role in many academic careers. This paper searches for those attributes that distinguish Don Lamberton as an influential academic. Lamberton’s influence was not solely grounded in the ideas that he promoted; it was also evident in the way he practiced his scholarly craft. The idea of the academic as a master craftsman is developed to explore this important yet often neglected aspect of Don Lamberton’s working life. He was a master craftsman who invited and encouraged followers to join with him in a quest to appreciate and understand the role of information in the economy. 相似文献
9.
Eskildsen KR 《Isis; an international review devoted to the history of science and its cultural influences》2012,103(1):24-53
The Danish amateur scholar Christian Jürgensen Thomsen has often been described as a founder of modern "scientific" archaeology. Thomsen's innovation, this essay argues, reflects developments within neighboring fields, such as philology and history. He reacted against historians who limited themselves to histories of texts and therefore abandoned the earliest human history. Instead, he proposed a new history of objects, which included the entire history of humankind. Thomsen's work as director of the Royal Museum of Nordic Antiquities in Copenhagen was especially important for this renewal. The arrangement of artifacts not only helped him formulate his theories, but also allowed him to present his arguments in a language of objects. At the same time, Thomsen's definition of archaeology as a museum science placed his branch of archaeology in a closer relationship with other museum sciences, such as geology and comparative anatomy. From the 1840s, Thomsen's museum became a model for how the study of human artifacts could deliver scientific insights into human nature and the laws of human development. 相似文献
10.
专利侵权滥诉,是指专利权人在明知或者应知其所拥有的专利权并不真正具备专利性,而只是在形式上合法的假性专利权的前提下,仍然向法院起诉未经其许可而使用该专利技术者侵犯其专利权的滥用权利行为。专利权人明知其假性专利权而进行的专利侵权诉讼是恶意诉讼行为;专利权人在应知而不知其假性专利权的情况下进行的专利侵权诉讼属於过失诉讼行为。假性专利的恶意诉讼行为和过失诉讼行为都是专利侵权滥诉行为,专利侵权滥诉是滥用专利权行为之一。 相似文献
11.
《追风筝的人》中的阿米尔对忠诚的朋友哈桑犯下了可怕的罪行,然而他本身亦是狭隘的民族宗教观和父亲罪恶的替罪羊。碍于主流社会对哈拉扎人的偏见,阿米尔违背自己的本性嘲讽、诋毁哈桑,由于父亲的忽视阿米尔牺牲了友情来成全父亲对自己的认可,外界力量粗暴地撕扯着阿米尔的内心,给他敏感纤细的灵魂背上了沉重的枷锁。 相似文献
12.
著名的“大众诗人”柯仲平虽然诗文创作数量不多,但他从青年时期开始就致力于诗歌大众化民族化道路的实践,尤其是延安时期,他的诗歌以及他所组织领导的诗歌运动和民众剧团产生了非常广泛的影响,受到了广大民众包括毛泽东同志的高度赞扬。但在现当代文学史上,学术界对他的研究还很不够,尤其在文艺大众化民族化方面,对他的重视不够,对他的贡献认识不足。本文力图通过梳理历年来学术界对他的研究,指出研究的不足和努力的方向,希望更多的文学爱好者和文学艺术家,能秉承柯老遗风,继续吹响文艺大众化民族化的号角。 相似文献
13.
叶渚沛是著名冶金学家,曾在联合国教科文组织工作。新中国成立后,他毅然辞职辗转返回祖国,1958年创建了中国科学院化工冶金研究所,提出用化工原理强化冶金过程,为我国钢铁和有色金属工业的发展做出了重要贡献。本文以叶渚沛的学术成长经历为主线,介绍了他在我国化工冶金等领域所取得的学术成就,辅以讲述他为支援抗战所做的有益工作。 相似文献
14.
亚当·斯密从研究人性入手,认为人类本性之目标有六个:自保、种的繁衍、秩序、幸福、种的完善以及自由.以此为理论预设,斯密对未来理想商业社会进行了勾勒,借此批判他所处的西欧社会之弊端,并提出相应的改革方案.斯密理想商业社会旨在实现人的幸福和自由.在这里,幸福与自由被赋予特定的内涵,这一内涵标志着斯密摆脱了后人给他贴上的标签:追求一种简单的布尔乔亚式的理想社会. 相似文献
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16.
Ronald Anderson 《Endeavour》2001,25(4):157
James Clerk Maxwell's Treatise on Electricity and Magnetism forms one of the major scientific texts of the 19th century, describing the phenomena of electricity and magnetism and the interaction between them. The sources Maxwell acknowledged as the inspiration for his own approach were the Englishman Michael Faraday and his fellow Scotsman William Thomson (later Lord Kelvin). In the Treatise Maxwell presents an approach he maintains was equivalent mathematically to the well established Continental electromagnetism but focused on an action via a medium approach to electromagnetism and located within a British experimental tradition. Exploring these features reveals the Treatise to be in accord with other deep themes in Maxwell's writings, which ground him intellectually and personally in the world of 19th century British Natural Philosophy. 相似文献
17.
罗彻斯特是桑菲尔德的男主人,他有文化,但固执傲慢,按他的性格,不可能跟一个没有知识的人进行对话,更不用说心灵的交流了.然而,作为一个既无姿色又无财产的家庭教师,简爱为什么会爱上他而她又被这样一个傲慢的男主人所爱呢?作者将就这一问题与大家探讨。 相似文献
18.
井伏鳟二在文坛独树一帜,他登上文坛的时候正值无产阶级文学风靡日本,周围的朋友大都加入到了无产阶级文学的阵营,但是井伏鳟二却保持着自己独特的个性。他的创作关注普通入的生活,幽默的笔调与其间透出的淡淡哀愁相交织,绘制出了一幅幅劳动人民努力生活的画面。二战中井伏鳟二被军部征用,成为了“日本笔部队”的一员。这也成为他将战争纳入创作的主题的契机值此,井伏鳟二开始直面战争关注社会,写出了一系列的带有强烈现实主义色彩的战争小说。托尔斯泰是有名的非暴力主义者,他提倡理想的世界应当不分阶级不分国界,以爱为准则,拒绝一切暴力,人们靠着道德来约束自己的行为。笔者经考察研究井伏鳟二在早稻田大学学习文学期间深受托尔斯泰的影响。他的战争小说中所表达的战争观和托尔斯泰的非暴力主义有着一定的相似之处。井伏鳟二的战争小说在他的文学生涯中是一个巨大转折,他对战争暴力行为持严厉批评的战争观也对后世人们对战争的认识有着深远的意义。 相似文献
19.
《普罗米修斯》2012,30(1):67-71
Dr Peter Wilmshurst is a consultant cardiologist. He is a leader in his field, and also a whistleblower, drawing attention to that which he believes to be wrong. He was presented with the HealthWatch Award 2003. Peter Wilmshurst has clashed with universities, editors, the medical establishment, and – perhaps inevitably – with the pharmaceutical industry. It is this last encounter that has taken him to court and that has made explicit and very public the relevance of the UK's libel laws to scientific research. 相似文献
20.
Roberts M 《Endeavour》2001,25(1):33-37
Darwin returned to Shrewsbury in mid-June 1831 and spent that summer learning geology. He made geological maps of Shropshire and visited Llanymynech and other localities. From 3-20th August he joined Sedgwick on his tour of North Wales; they geologised west of Shrewsbury before travelling through Llangollen, Ruthin, Conwy to Bangor finally reaching Anglesey. Darwin left Sedgwick at Menai and walked to Barmouth making a special visit of Cwm Idwal. He returned to Shrewsbury on 29th August to open the letter from Fitzroy inviting him to join the Beagle. During this summer Darwin gained skills in all aspects of geology, including chemical analysis, which were to prove vital in the development of his ideas on natural selection. 相似文献