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20世纪下半叶,综合科学课程引起了国际科学教育界的关注。80年代之后,我国的综合科学课程也有所发展。本文从课程内容组织的视角分析80年代之后我国综合科学课程的特点。从课程内容组织的宏观、中观和微观层次分析我国综合科学课程综合范围、综合的基础、综合方式、综合程度等方面的特点及发展过程。1综合科学课程内容组织的层次综合科学课程内容的组织是分层次的,可以从宏观、中观和微观三个层次来理解(见表1)。宏观层次的组织主要涉及了综合范围的确定;中观层次的组织涉及了整体的设计思路、综合方式等问题,这些问题反映了综合科学课程综… 相似文献
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马来西亚华文独立中学是马来西亚华人教育中的一支重要力量。华文独立中学工委会公布了最新的《初中综合科学课程标准》。这一标准包括初中综合科学课程的课程性质、课程目标、课程内容与实施建议等,不仅重视探究式教学,使学生形成对科学的整体认识与理解,而且主张科学课程联系生活世界并应用多元的评价方式对学生进行整体评价。马来西亚华文独立中学新《初中综合科学课程标准》为我国初中科学课程标准制定、课程设计、内容安排、评价方式的改革提供了启示。 相似文献
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论初中《科学》课程教材的设计 总被引：5，自引：0，他引：5
方红峰 《课程.教材.教法》2002,(10)
初中《科学》课程是义务教育阶段一门十分重要的课程,其核心理念是提高每个学生的科学素养。为此在教材设计时,应明确所持有的知识观、学生观和社会观,以产生均衡的课程;应将主题中心和探究过程相结合,来设定综合科学课程类型;并应从统一的科学概念与原理,科学、技术与社会的关系以及科学探究活动这三条基本途径对课程内容进行合。 相似文献
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讨论了科学课程应该涵盖的内容、应该具有的合理结构的体系,以及思维方式发展规律是设计科学课程体系合理结构的重要依据,在此基础上讨论了综合科学课程与分科科学课程的任务与定位,以及我国初中综合科学课程生存力不强的原因。 相似文献
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丁玉祥 《中学物理教学参考》2012,(4):2-3
四、课程标准的科学探究变化特点从"课程内容"看,"2011年版"的"课程内容"简化为"科学内容和科学探究",删掉了原"实验稿"中科学内容三个一级主题的目录,原来"实验稿"中"第三部分内容标准"调整为"第三部分课程内容",这样与"第二部分课程目标"一致.从"2011年版"的具体内容看,课程内容重点仍然是"科学探究与科学内容"."2011年版"的"科学探究"前言部分较精简, 相似文献
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《中国教师》：郭教授,您好!上海目前实施综介科学课程的情况如何？
郭长江：由于上海自20世纪80年代末就开始研究综合科学课程,在初中七、八、九年级试点过科学课程,现在又建立了合-分-合12年科学教育的体系,积累了比较丰富的综合科学课程研究的经验,也培养了一支基本胜任初中科学课程教学的教师队伍。 相似文献
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通过对义务教育初中科学课程的几个课程标准进行比较研究后发现,虽然这些科学课程标准都强调探究,在课程内容中都将科学探究单独设为一个主题,与科学知识主题并重但不同的科学课程标准在科学探究主题中对于探究要素的表述不尽相同,在科学知识主题中对于探究是否可用作行为动词、探究活动指向的学习目标及水平、探究案例的呈现方式等都存在一定差异。在科学课程教学中落实探究时,教师应注重探究常用技能的教学,避免形式上的探究教学,并开展探究活动的表现性评价。 相似文献
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1初中科学课程的尴尬
初中科学课程的实验始于1991年9月。上海师大编写的初中《理科》教材于1991年9月开始在上海闵行区的几所学校进行试验,随后又扩大到普陀等区（到2002年止）;浙江省于1991年9月小范围试验,1993至2001年在全省范围内实施初中综合科学课程试验（浙教版《自然科学》,余自强主编）。21世纪初,教育部组织编写了我国第一个初中综合科学课程的课程标准。 相似文献
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<正>科学课有综合科学与分科科学两种课程形态。综合的科学课过去称为自然,小学才有,现在有所不同,我国少部分地区也在初中推行科学课(国外的初中基本采用综合科学)。广义理解,分科的中学物理、化学、生物或地理等也应属于科学课。这里讨论的科学教师,专指前者, 相似文献
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初中物理教学要适当开展科学探究活动,加入科学探究活动的初中物理教学课程更加注重学生学习的过程,注重学习过程可以确保学生在融入科学探究活动的初中物理学习时进一步提升对物理学习的兴趣,培育学生自主学习的能力,从而达到提升学生物理综合素质的目的。结合传统物理教学实践,我们通过物理融入实际生活、物理结合实验教学、重视物理与其他学科的联系等途径提高初中学生的科学探究能力。 相似文献
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张菁 《首都师范大学学报(社会科学版)》1996,(6)
在我国，不论是农村学校还是城镇学校，初中开设综合性的理科课程，有利于培养学生的科学素养，有利于适应学生毕业后的实际需要。探讨初中理科课程综合化的必要性，可从以下五方面考虑：现代生产所引起的劳动力状况的变化及其对教育的新要求；科学技术的发展及其对现代教育内容的影响；义务教育科学教育目标的要求；初中学生思惟发展的基本特点；初中学生毕业后的大致走向。 相似文献
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Just as scientific knowledge is constructed using distinct modes of inquiry (e.g. experimental or historical), arguments constructed during science instruction may vary depending on the mode of inquiry underlying the topic. The purpose of this study was to examine whether and how secondary science teachers construct scientific arguments during instruction differently for topics that rely on experimental or historical modes of inquiry. Four experienced high-school science teachers were observed daily during instructional units for both experimental and historical science topics. The main data sources include classroom observations and teacher interviews. The arguments were analyzed using Toulmin's argumentation pattern revealing specific patterns of arguments in teaching topics relying on these 2 modes of scientific inquiry. The teachers presented arguments to their students that were rather simple in structure but relatively authentic to the 2 different modes. The teachers used far more evidence in teaching topics based on historical inquiry than topics based on experimental inquiry. However, the differences were implicit in their teaching. Furthermore, their arguments did not portray the dynamic nature of science. Very few rebuttals or qualifiers were provided as the teachers were presenting their claims as if the data led straightforward to the claim. Implications for classroom practice and research are discussed. 相似文献
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通过问卷调查发现,初中科学教师对于科学世界观、科学探究和科学事业方面的认识偏向于传统的科学本质观。缘此,在初中科学教师教育课程中要增设HPS教育,帮助他们从"科学元勘"诸学科的多维视野下理解科学的本质,发展科学本质观。具体策略包括:通过对科学哲学的探讨,认识科学的逻辑结构和发展模式;通过对科学史的考察,凸显科学的人文意蕴;通过对科学社会学的审视,理解科学的社会建制。 相似文献
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Daner Sun Zu Hao Wang Wen Ting Xie Chirn Chye Boon 《International Journal of Science Education》2013,35(5):808-838
The last two decades have witnessed the gradual implementation of integrated science curriculum at the junior secondary level in China. However, in most provinces of China, the implementation is not as successful as expected. Challenges were reported, yet without fine-grained investigation, with respect to science teachers' instruction on integrated science. In this study, we aim to detect major problems by investigating the instruction of integrated science at the secondary level. Classroom observation focused on the teacher and student verbal behavior, teachers' competency of instructional organization, their presentation of instructional content, and the organization of learning activities. Findings revealed that students were provided with limited opportunities for participating and engaging in learning as science teachers were dominant in classroom talk. Teachers emphasized on the integration of knowledge within one subject (within-subject knowledge), but not the integration of knowledge between subjects (cross-subject knowledge), resulting in the unsuccessful instruction of the integrative content. What is more, teachers were inadequately competent in designing and delivering science, technology and society content, scientific inquiry and scientific experiments, which also affected the quality of instruction on integrated science. 相似文献
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In order for students to truly understand science, we feel that they must be familiar with select subject matter and also understand how that subject matter knowledge was generated and justified through the process of inquiry. Here we describe a high school biology curriculum designed to give students opportunities to learn about genetic inquiry in part by providing them with authentic experiences doing inquiry in the discipline. Since a primary goal of practicing scientists is to construct explanatory models to account for natural phenomena, involving students in the construction of their own explanatory models provides a major emphasis in the classroom. The students work in groups structured like scientific communities to build, revise, and defend explanatory models for inheritance phenomena. The overall instructional goals include helping students understand the iterative nature of scientific inquiry, the tentativeness of specific knowledge claims (and why they should be considered tentative), and the degree to which scientists rely on empirical data as well as broader conceptual and metaphysical commitments to assess models and to direct future inquiries. 相似文献
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在我国其它省市实验区科学课程面对综合还是分科选择的难题之时,浙江省的科学课程改革与实施坚持着“综合”的导向,因而审视与反思浙江省综合科学课程推进中的问题成为必要。本文基于科学课程实施现状的调研、七个维度三个层次设计的访谈、对典型地区学校的课堂观察,提出浙江省综合科学课程推进中的问题,表现为“综合科学”与“组合科学”两种科学课程形态的并存;科学教师对科学课程性质与目标认识不到位;对课程资源理解不一,科学教材之外的课程资源开发不足;有效科学教学方式与方法的使用亟待专业引领。进而立足于综合科学课程实施中的难点,提出有效推进科学课程实施的根本在于以培养与培训相结合促进科学教师专业发展;以教材比较研究促进科学教材的完善;改革中考,促进科学教师对科学教学评价的探索。 相似文献
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Martina S. J. van Uum Roald P. Verhoeff Marieke Peeters 《International Journal of Science Education》2016,38(3):450-469
Inquiry-based science education (IBSE) has been promoted as an inspiring way of learning science by engaging pupils in designing and conducting their own scientific investigations. For primary school teachers, the open nature of IBSE poses challenges as they often lack experience in supporting their pupils during the different phases of an open IBSE project, such as formulating a research question and designing and conducting an investigation. The current study aims to meet these challenges by presenting a pedagogical framework in which four domains of scientific knowledge are addressed in seven phases of inquiry. The framework is based on video analyses of pedagogical interventions by primary school teachers participating in open IBSE projects. Our results show that teachers can guide their pupils successfully through the process of open inquiry by explicitly addressing the conceptual, epistemic, social and/or procedural domain of scientific knowledge in the subsequent phases of inquiry. The paper concludes by suggesting further research to validate our framework and to develop a pedagogy for primary school teachers to guide their pupils through the different phases of open inquiry. 相似文献
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探究性实验教学模式在高中生物课堂教学中占据着重要的地位,对学生学习生物知识也有积极的意义。在高中生物课堂教学中教师要注重引导学生树立正确的探究性实验思维方式,运用科学的实验步骤进行生物实验教学。文章对高中生物探究性实验教学中教师的课堂开展步骤以及模式进行论述。 相似文献
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This study has two purposes: the first is to explore experienced science teachers’ perspectives on inquiry teaching, and the second is to categorize these perspectives into patterns. Fifteen junior high school science teachers experienced at inquiry teaching were selected, and a semi-structured interview was conducted to collect the teachers’ perspectives on inquiry and inquiry teaching. The findings indicate that these experienced science teachers hold multiple perspectives on inquiry and inquiry teaching. The two patterns generated from these teachers’ perspectives of inquiry and inquiry teaching were systematic-based inquiry instruction and learning-based inquiry instructions. Suggestions for science teacher educators are discussed in this paper. 相似文献