共查询到20条相似文献，搜索用时 31 毫秒
1.
Study on arsenic level in public water supply of Delhi using hydride generator accessory coupled with atomic absorption spectrophotometer 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
Sanjeev Lalwani T. D. Dogra D. N. Bhardwaj R. K. Sharma O. P. Murty 《Indian journal of clinical biochemistry : IJCB》2006,21(1):70-76
Exposure to arsenic has been associated with several health hazards. Worldwide the main reason for chronic human intoxication
with arsenic is intake of contaminated drinking water. Air acetylene type of atomic absorption spectrophotometer in combination
with hydride generator accessory was used to analyze arsenic level in 25 water samples collected from 25 booster pumping stations
and 313 water samples collected from tap water supply of 62 areas of Delhi. Results were analyzed using SPSS and Barlett’s
Chi Square Test. Mean arsenic level detected in water samples collected from booster pumping stations was 0.00976 ppm (Range
0.000–0.017 ppm, Standard Deviation 0.006 and Standard error of Mean 0.00118). Maximum arsenic level (0.017 ppm) was found
in water samples of booster pumping stations of Mehrauli, Punjabi Bagh and Ramjas Road. Mean arsenic level detected in samples
collected from tap water supply was 0.013 ppm (Range 0–0.0430 ppm, Standard Deviation 0.00911 and Standard error of Mean 0.000515).
In water samples of 42 areas arsenic level detected was exceeding WHO/EPA permissible limit of 0.01 ppm (10 ppb). The mean
arsenic level detected in water samples of booster pumping station was within WHO/EPA permissible limit while mean arsenic
level detected in tap water samples was marginally higher. Mixing of ground water and contamination through broken or leaking
channel could be the possible reason of higher arsenic level in tap water. Continuous monitoring of quality of drinking water
is required particularly in view of water contamination caused by industrial waste and uncontrolled ground water extraction. 相似文献
2.
Asha Lata Singh Vipin Kumar Singh Anushree Srivastava 《Indian journal of clinical biochemistry : IJCB》2013,28(4):422-425
Arsenic contamination of ground water has become a serious problem all over the world. Large number of people from Uttar Pradesh, Bihar and West Bengal of India are suffering due to consumption of arsenic contaminated drinking water. Study was carried out on 30 individuals residing in Ballia District, UP where the maximum concentration of arsenic was observed around 0.37 ppm in drinking water. Blood samples were collected from them to find out the problem related with arsenic. Cytogenetic study of the blood samples indicates that out of 30, two persons developed Klinefelter syndrome. 相似文献
3.
人畜饮用水中砷、氟、矿化度的超标,是影响三江源区饮水安全的因素之一。本文针对人畜饮水中砷、氟超标情况,引进F-Catch、As-Catch2高性能粒状吸附材料,进行技术开发,设计出JCD-砷(氟)吸附系统。这种吸附材料对氟、砷酸、亚砷酸具有很高的吸附能力,吸附能力是目前国内外砷、氟吸附剂吸附能力的6倍以上,能吸附大量0.01ppm以下低浓度的氟离子和砷酸、亚砷酸。将JCD-砷(氟)吸附系统与活性碳联用形成砷、氟水处理工艺流程,该工艺流程的处理能力可达到0.5m3/h,按照国家农村用水标准每人每天40L水,能够解决200人的安全饮用水,适合于农村人畜安全饮水的需求。并在项目区进行了试验示范,将含砷原水打入JCD-砷(氟)吸附系统,吸附系统中的功能材料As-Catch2与进水中的砷进行物化反应。再通过JCD-砷(氟)吸附系统中的As-Catch2层下方的30cm高度的多孔质活性炭滤层,利用活性炭具有的高效吸附作用,吸附水中的微污染物质,最终出水进入集水箱中,通过泵打入居民生活用水管道,进入用户家中得以安全使用。设备处理速率快、时间短,无需进行预处理,实现了砷、氟、磷等指标的同时去除,砷去除率达到100%,氟去除率达到85%以上,处理后的水质满足国家生活饮用水卫生标准,且系统不产生污泥,节省了污泥处理费用,设备结构简单、具有灵活的可变性、成本较低,自动化程度高、操作简单、易于管理,为三江源区人畜安全饮水提供了技术保障。 相似文献
4.
Manish K. Singh Shailendra Dwivedi Suraj S. Yadav Praveen Sharma Sanjay Khattri 《Indian journal of clinical biochemistry : IJCB》2014,29(1):29-37
Arsenic a metalloid and environmental contaminated has been found to be associated with public health problems in the affected areas. It is naturally occurred in groundwater and its accumulation in plant and animals leads to toxicity in several tissues most notably hepatic organ. Arsenic exposures (3 mg/kg body weight/day for 30 days) in mice exhibited increased arsenic and Zn levels in hepatocytes associated with enhanced oxidative stress in hepatocytes while there were no significantly changes were observed in Cu level. An increase in the lipid peroxidation and decrease in the levels of reduced glutathione and activity of superoxide dismutase, catalase, and glutathione peroxidase were observed in arsenic treated mice as compared to controls. Arsenic exposure in mice also caused a significant change in serum biomarkers in the SGOT, SGPT and creatinine as compared to the controls. There were no significant changes in the serum levels of total protein in these mice. Co-administration of arsenic and fruit extract of amla (500 mg/kg body weight/day for 30 days) caused a significant reduction of arsenic transference associated with significantly decreases hepatic arsenic levels and balanced the antioxidant enzyme and levels of serum hepatic enzymes like SGOT and SGPT. The results of the present study clearly demonstrate the antioxidant property of amla that could be responsible for its protective efficacy in arsenic induced hepatic toxicity. 相似文献
5.
BackgroundArsenic contamination in the ground water of rural India is a recurrent problem and decontamination is mostly based on the chemical or physical treatments until now. Microbial bioremediation is eco-friendly, cheap, time-efficient and does not produce any toxic by-products.ResultIn the present study, a high arsenic tolerant bacteria Brevundimonas aurantiaca PFAB1 was isolated from Panifala hot spring located in West Bengal, India. Previously Panifala was also reported to be an arsenic-rich hot spring. B. aurantiaca PFAB1 exhibited both positive arsenic reductase and arsenite oxidase activity. It was tolerant to arsenite up to 90 mM and arsenate up to 310 mM. Electron microscopy has proved significant changes in cellular micromorphology and stalk appearance under the presence of arsenic in growth medium. Bioaccumulation of arsenic in As (III) treated cells were 0.01% of the total cell weight, while 0.43% in case of As (V) treatment.ConclusionsAll experimental lines of evidence prove the uptake/accumulation of arsenic within the bacterial cell. All these features will help in the exploitation of B. aurantiaca PFAB1 as a potent biological weapon to fight arsenic toxicity in the near future.How to cite: Banerjee A, Sarkar S, Gorai S, et al. High arsenic tolerance in Brevundimonas aurantiaca PFAB1 from an arsenic-rich Indian hot spring. Electron J Biotechnol 2021:52. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ejbt.2021.05.006 相似文献
6.
Joseph Dian Bondu R. Selvakumar Jude Joseph Fleming 《Indian journal of clinical biochemistry : IJCB》2018,33(1):86-90
Abstract A variety of methods, including the Ion Selective Electrode (ISE), have been used for estimation of fluoride levels in drinking water. But as these methods suffer many drawbacks, the newer method of IC has replaced many of these methods. The study aimed at (1) validating IC for estimation of fluoride levels in drinking water and (2) to assess drinking water fluoride levels of villages in and around Vellore district using IC. Forty nine paired drinking water samples were measured using ISE and IC method (Metrohm). Water samples from 165 randomly selected villages in and around Vellore district were collected for fluoride estimation over 1 year. Standardization of IC method showed good within run precision, linearity and coefficient of variance with correlation coefficient R2 = 0.998. The limit of detection was 0.027 ppm and limit of quantification was 0.083 ppm. Among 165 villages, 46.1% of the villages recorded water fluoride levels >1.00 ppm from which 19.4% had levels ranging from 1 to 1.5 ppm, 10.9% had recorded levels 1.5–2 ppm and about 12.7% had levels of 2.0–3.0 ppm. Three percent of villages had more than 3.0 ppm fluoride in the water tested. Most (44.42%) of these villages belonged to Jolarpet taluk with moderate to high (0.86–3.56 ppm) water fluoride levels. Ion Chromatography method has been validated and is therefore a reliable method in assessment of fluoride levels in the drinking water. While the residents of Jolarpet taluk (Vellore distict) are found to be at a high risk of developing dental and skeletal fluorosis. 相似文献
7.
来冶锡系统中砷的行为和分布的研究 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
锡冶炼过程中,杂质砷主要来源于锡精矿。杂质砷在锡冶炼流程中不及时开路,将反复积累,恶性循环,严重影响锡冶炼厂各项技术经济指标和经济效益。因此,杂质砷的及时、有效开路是提高技术经济指标,降低生产成本,提高经济效益的关键之一。文章根据广西华锡集团来宾华锡冶炼有限公司生产实践进行研究,论述了杂质砷在锡冶炼各主要工序中的行为和分布。指出了杂质砷在锡冶炼流程中大量循环对生产的影响,提出了砷开路的初步建议。 相似文献
8.
基于混沌优化的支持向量机地下水位动态预测 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
地下水位动态受到自然因素和人为因素的影响,随机性明显,因此在地下水物理过程分析的基础上构建地下水位动态预测的随机性模型对地下水资源评价具有重要意义。本文将小样本机器学习理论——统计学习理论中的支持向量机理论引入地下水位动态预测。最小二乘支持向量机是支持向量机的一种,考虑到地下水位动态序列的长度和峰值突变性的特点,本文提出一种改进的支持向量机-峰值识别最小二乘支持向量机;并针对支持向量机算法存在的参数优化、训练和测试速度等问题,结合混沌优化方法,建立了基于混沌优化的峰值识别最小二乘支持向量机地下水位动态预测模型;最后本文以内蒙古河套灌区义长灌域1990年~2004年3个灌期(夏灌(4月~6月)、秋灌(7月~9月)和秋浇(10月~11月)降水量、平均气温、蒸发量、引水量、地下水开采量、地下水排泄量和地下水位埋深共15年45个样本资料为数据源,将该模型和原最小二乘支持向量机模型分别用于义长灌域地下水位动态预测。结果表明,该模型的拟合值、检验值和预测值与实际值复合的很好,拟合的平均相对误差绝对值为2.0868%,检验的平均相对误差绝对值为3.4777%,预测的平均相对误差绝对值为6.8589%,且训练和测试速度快,而原最小二乘支持向量机模型预测的平均相对误差绝对值为20.6767%。因此,该模型用于地下水位动态预测是可行和有效的。 相似文献
9.
含砷洗氯水可采用盐酸中和,石灰和硫酸铁两段除砷的方法处理,溶液中的砷能降至0.5mg/L以下,达到国家规定的工业污水砷排放标准。一段砷渣可采用二次富集方法提高渣含砷。 相似文献
10.
11.
BackgroundTraditional methods of obtaining arsenic have disadvantages such as high cost and high energy consumption. Realgar is one of the most abundant arsenic sulphide minerals and usually treated as waste in industry. The aim of the present study was to screen an arsenic tolerant bacterium used for bioleaching arsenic from realgar.ResultsAn acidophilic iron-oxidizing bacterium BYQ-12 was isolated from Wudalianchi volcanic lake in northeast China. BYQ-12 was a motile, rod-shaped gram-negative bacterium with an optimum growth at 30°C and pH 2.5. 16S rDNA phylogeny showed that BYQ-12 was a new strain of Acidithiobacillus ferrooxidans. The inhibitory concentrations (ICs) of arsenite and arsenate were 32 and 64 mM, respectively. A significant second-order model was established using a Box–Behnken design of response surface methodology (BBD-RSM) and it estimated that a maximum arsenic bioleaching rate (73.97%) could be obtained when the pulp concentration, pH and initial ferrous ion concentration were set at optimized values of 0.95% w/v, 1.74 and 3.68 g/L, respectively. SEM, EDS and XRD analyses also revealed that there was direct bioleaching besides indirect electrochemical leaching in the arsenic bioleaching system.ConclusionFrom this work we were successful in isolating an acidophilic, arsenic tolerant ferrous iron-oxidizing bacterium. The BBD-RSM analysis showed that maximum arsenic bioleaching rate obtained under optimum conditions, and the most effective factor for arsenic leaching was initial ferrous ion concentration. These revealed that BYQ-12 could be used for bioleaching of arsenic from arsenical minerals. 相似文献
12.
广义水资源合理配置总控结构研究副标题用 总被引：2，自引：1，他引：1
水资源合理配置是实现水资源可持续利用的重要手段,本文分别从配置水源、配置对象和配置目标3个方面对广义水资源合理配置的内涵进行诠释,提出广义水资源合理配置中的配置水源在包含一般性的地表地下水资源配置外,还将降水和土壤水也纳入到配置体系中;配置对象上增添了天然生态配水项;配置指标拓展到广义的层面,提出了3层配置指标,从而更加全面真实的反映了区域水资源的供需平衡状况。同时本文指出广义水资源合理配置必须以平原区水循环转化为理论基础,才能建立面向经济生态系统的广义水资源合理配置总控结构,该总控结构可分为6个层次：评价层、预测层、控制层、模拟层、响应层和结果层。并以宁夏为例,建立基于广义水资源合理配置总控结构下的配置模式,结果表明在该配置结构下,宁夏经济生态广义水资源缺水量最小,区域经济发展迅速,绿洲生态稳定性良好。 相似文献
13.
农业污水灌溉对石家庄市近郊灌区地下水环境的影响 总被引：16，自引：0，他引：16
如何在水资源匮乏的干旱，半干旱地区合理有效地利用城市污水不仅是一个资源再生的问题，同时也是一个保护环境，使区域经济保持可持续发展的问题。本文作者通过对石家庄市近郊具有几十年污水灌溉历史的典型灌区的地下水进行了采样分析，评价了华北平原区农业污水灌溉对区域地下水环境的影响。首先，简要回顾了各国污水利用的历史和现状，比较了有关使用城市污水灌溉的利弊。然后，在对比确认污水灌溉对地下水的补给效果的基础上，基于电导率、硝酸根以及溶解氧浓度的测试结果，分析了污灌区地下水的水质变化特性。在污水灌溉区的硝态氮浓度很高，分布在35mg/l～130mg/l范围内，井深小于40m的井水的硝酸根离子浓度超标率为100%。而在用地下水进行灌溉的地区，硝酸根离子浓度都在35mg/l以下。此外，经过长期污灌的地区，地下水水化学类型已从原有的重碳酸硫酸钙（钙镁）型水演变成了重碳酸氯化钙（钙镁）型水，矿化度也比较高。在一般情况下，由于城市污水来源是连续的，而农作物需水是有季节性的。在作物非生长期，污水很容易进入地下水。这可能是造成长期利用污水灌溉的地区水化学性质改变的主要原因。 相似文献
14.
六盘山生态旅游区水质变化对人类旅游活动干扰的动态响应 总被引：2，自引：1，他引：1
本文以水质动态监测数据为基础,从旅游水环境干扰指数和旅游者可接受改变限度（Limits of Acceptable Change,LAC）的双重视角来分析六盘山生态旅游区水质变化对人类旅游活动干扰的响应。分析结果表明：①在旅游季节内,旅游区水质主要指标在Ⅱ类水质标准范围内,个别指标达到Ⅲ类。但部分区段水质干扰程度达到3级和4级严重干扰的水平;②在旅游区不同采样点,水质变化差异较大。其中核心区维持在正常水平,随着旅游方式的改变,干扰逐渐加大,民俗村、宾馆变化最剧烈;③旅游者对水体浊度的可接受改变程度为8.95NTU;④旅游水环境干扰指数与其它响应变量显著相关,可作为评估旅游系统干扰响应程度的一项简易而有效的指标。目前六盘山旅游活动已开始对部分地区水质以及旅游者的游憩体验产生负面影响,规范旅游区开发建设十分迫切。 相似文献
15.
S. Anbhazhagan Santosh S. Winkins 《Indian journal of clinical biochemistry : IJCB》2008,23(2):198-199
Several chemicals which induce cytotoxicity are broadly classified into three types and they are organophosphate, organochlorine
and carbomate compounds. Perchloroethylene has been clearly identified as a carcinogen in experimental animals and it’s a
very common carcinogen used for dry clean purpose. Hence, in the present study, blood samples from dry cleaners were taken,
Superoxide dismutase, Catalase and Glutathione peroxidase activity was estimated in blood samples of dry cleaners. There was
a significant increase in the activity of Catalase, Glutathione Peroxidase, Superoxide Dismutase in dry cleaners of chronically
exposed to perchloroethylene as compared to controls. The increased activities of antioxidant enzymes may be a compensatory
regulation in response to increased oxidative stress induced by perchloroethylene. 相似文献
16.
Subhash C. Arya Nirmala Agarwal Beena Michael 《Indian journal of clinical biochemistry : IJCB》2014,29(4):510-513
Analytical functioning of a point-of-care analyzer, i-Smart 30 (i-sens: Seoul, South Korea), for electrolyte quantification was investigated at Sant Parmanand Hospital, a tertiary-care hospital in Delhi, India. Samples that were received for electrolyte assay were assayed, double-blinded for their Na and K level using the arterial blood gas analyzer, the ABL 555 (Radiometer, Copenhagen) and the i-Smart 30 electrolyte analyzer. There was satisfactory correlation between the results obtained with the two analyzers with an encouraging bias, standard deviation and the 95 % limits of agreement between the data generated for Na and K levels. The performance of the i-Smart 30 would be satisfactory during the point-of-care measurements of Na and K levels in emergency rooms and clinical laboratories with inadequate infrastructure only if its day-to-day performance was monitored to ensure reliability of the generated reports. 相似文献
17.
Qun-Ke Xia Jia Liu Istvn Kovcs Yan-Tao Hao Pei Li Xiao-Zhi Yang Huan Chen Ying-Ming Sheng 《国家科学评论(英文版)》2019,6(1):125
Understanding the concentration and distribution of water in the Earth''s mantle plays a substantial role in studying its chemical, physical and dynamic processes. After a decade of research, a comprehensive dataset of water content in upper-mantle samples has been built for eastern China, which is now the only place with water-content data from such diverse types of natural samples, and provides an integrated picture of the water content and its distribution in the upper mantle at a continental scale. The main findings include the following: (i) the temporal heterogeneity of the water content in the lithospheric mantle from early Cretaceous (∼120 Ma) to Cenozoic (<40 Ma) was tightly connected with the stability of the North China Craton (from its destruction to its consolidation); (ii) the heterogeneous water content in the Cenozoic lithospheric mantle beneath different blocks of eastern China was not only inherited from tectonic settings from which they came, but was also affected later by geological processes they experienced; (iii) the distinct water content between the lowermost crust and lithospheric mantle of eastern China and its induced rheological contrast at the base of the crust indicate that the continental crust–mantle boundary could behave either in a coupled or decoupled manner beneath different areas and/or at different stages; (iv) the alkali basalts of eastern China demonstrate a heterogeneous distribution of water content in the mantle; local and regional comparisons of the water content between the lithospheric mantle and basalts'' source indicate that the Cenozoic alkali basalts in eastern China were not sourced from the lithospheric mantle. Instead, the inferred high water contents in the mantle sources suggest that the Cenozoic eastern China basalts were likely sourced from the mantle transition zone (MTZ); and (v) both oceanic and continental crusts may carry a certain amount of water back into the deep mantle of eastern China by plate subduction. Such recycled crustal materials have not only created a local water-rich zone, but have also introduced crustal geochemical signatures into the mantle, both accounting for crustal geochemical imprints in the intra-plate magmatic rocks of eastern China. 相似文献
18.
试验站和农户管理水平下冬小麦水分利用效率比较 总被引：2，自引：1，他引：1
华北平原水资源缺乏与粮食需求增多之间的矛盾日益尖锐,提高作物水分利用效率是缓解这一矛盾的重要途径之一。基于试验站试验数据和农户调查数据,对比分析了试验站和农户管理水平下华北平原冬小麦水分利用效率的差异;结合农户田块试验数据,验证了试验站管理水平下关键期淡水灌溉模式在农户田块推广的可行性。结果表明:试验站管理水平下冬小麦水分利用效率为14.30kg(/hm2·mm);农户管理水平下,88.96%农户田块面积的冬小麦水分利用效率低于试验站管理水平,主要原因是研究人员与农户种植目的不同、知识水平差距较大以及家庭联产承包责任制对农户种植积极性的制约等;农户之间作物水分利用效率差异明显,可能是农户田块土壤肥力、田块大小以及灌溉水质有一定差异等导致;试验站管理水平下关键期淡水灌溉模式适合在农户的田块进行推广,不仅能保证作物高产,而且可以提高作物水分利用效率。 相似文献
19.
近年来,气候变化尤其是气候变暖已成为一个全球性问题。下垫面作为大气的直接热源、水源,对气候的形成及维持具有重要意义。因此,研究地温变化特征及其与气温变化之间的关系,对探究气候变化机理具有重要意义。本研究利用中国581个气象站1961-2010年0cm地温、气温数据,将全国分为8个区域,采用相关分析、M-K非参数检验等方法,对0cm地温的时空变化、区域分异以及季节分异特征进行了研究,并分析了0cm地温变化与气温变化的关系。研究表明：中国0cm地温呈先降低后升高的趋势,2000年突变后升温趋势更为明显;中国大部分地区0cm地温都表现为升温趋势,且北方地区较南方升温更加明显,在过去50年中,南北温差呈现缩小的趋势;就各季节而言,冬季升温最明显,夏季升温最弱;相关分析表明,气温与0cm地温变化趋势及程度在大部分地区很相近,但在20世纪70年代之前及20世纪后期,0cm地温与气温变化存在较大差异。相对于气温的变化,0cm地温的升温幅度更大,突变时间较晚。 相似文献
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克拉玛依农业开发区位于温带荒漠气候区,开发建设10余年来地下水位发生了明显抬升,土壤盐渍化威胁变得十分严重。本文利用地下水水位重复观测、地形测量、气象与径流监测数据分析了开发区的地下水位变化过程,并探讨了地下水位变化与气候、地貌、土壤、周围径流补给以及灌溉的关系。发现开发区的地下水位10年间基本呈现持续上升的过程,自1999年建设以后开发区地下水位发生了普遍抬升,整个开发区地下水位平均上升了7.30m,年平均0.73m/a,但存在明显的空间差异。分析认为灌溉是开发区地下水位上升的主要原因,但南部玛纳斯河下泄径流和北侧山麓洪积扇地下水的补给也起到一定的作用,气候变化影响不大。区内地下水位上升的空间差异主要与地貌及土壤组成条件关系密切。 相似文献