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1.
国家大学科技园创新孵化和成果转化能力,已成为区域经济服务能力的重要支撑。本文运用三阶段DEA模型,在考虑环境变量影响下,测度国家大学科技园孵化效率。结果表明,调整后技术效率,中部和东北地区被低估,东部和西部地区被高估,环境因素主要制约中部大学科技园孵化效率提升。全国技术效率和规模效率被高估,纯技术效率被低估,但高估程度大于低估程度。环境变量作用表现在:完善地区基础设施,强化信息共享,可提高国家大学科技园孵化效率；推动区域经济发展,提高政府科技支持强度,可以分别降低孵化基金和从业人员的投入冗余,但人力资本密集程度对国家大学科技园孵化效率提升有一定延迟。 相似文献
2.
本文运用三阶段DEA模型对2018年我国中部42个国家级高新区的创新效率进行评价,实证结果显示：剔除环境因素和外部干扰后,中部高新区综合效率总体上有提升,规模效率总体上有所下降,纯技术效率大幅度且普遍得到提升,规模效率不高成为制约中部高新区综合创新效率提升的关键因素,且大部分高新区都处于规模效益递增的状态。同时,环境因素中的地区经济发展水平和产业结构因素不利于中部高新区创新效率的提升;而市场开放程度、政策支持和基础设施环境等因素都对创新效率具有促进作用,成为提升中部高新区创新效率的有效选择。 相似文献
3.
基于三阶段DEA的中国区域二氧化碳排放绩效评价研究 总被引：5，自引：2，他引：3
要在促进社会经济发展的同时减少二氧化碳排放量,关键在于提高二氧化碳排放绩效.客观正确地评估中国各省份经济发展过程中的二氧化碳排放绩效具有重要现实意义.文章从效率的角度,界定二氧化碳排放绩效的概念,将二氧化碳排放作为非期望产出纳入全要素研究框架,探索性地利用三阶段DEA方法和线性数据转换函数法来评价中国省际区域的二氧化碳排放绩效,剔除了环境变量和随机误差对结果的影响,为真实测度二氧化碳排放绩效提供了可行的方法.结果表明,传统DEA测度的二氧化碳排放平均技术效率和纯技术效率被低估,而平均规模效率被高估;中国区域间二氧化碳排放绩效发展显著不平衡,呈现出“东＞西＞中”的格局,与传统的经济格局存在一定出入. 相似文献
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5.
运用DEA方法,对我国53个国家级高新区效率进行了实证研究。结果发现,我国高新区效率普遍不高,并呈现东高西低的空间分布特点。通过将高新区效率分解为规模效率、利用效率和纯技术效率,进一步发现我国高新区利用效率普遍较高,而纯技术效率和规模效率较低,其中纯技术效率是影响我国高新区效率的主要因素;另外,发现我国多数高新区处于规模报酬递增阶段,但也有部分高新区处于规模报酬递减状态。 相似文献
6.
电子及通信设备制造业区域创新绩效演化研究 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
为探究电子及通信设备制造业的区域创新效率的差异,运用DEA方法中的BCC模型,基于2015年我国24个省级行政区域的截面数据测算电子及通信设备制造业区域创新的综合效率、规模效率和纯技术效率;运用DEA-Malmquist方法基于2009—2015年的面板数据评价各地区与四大综合经济区电子及通信设备制造业的技术创新绩效变化情况如技术效率的变化、技术进步与规模效率的变化以及全要素生产率。研究成果对电子及通信设备制造业的区域创新发展具有参考价值,最后对具体问题提出相应的政策建议。 相似文献
7.
针对DEA模型在处理相关性强的输入输出数据方面的不足,建立了基于PCA-DEA的组合评价模型,应用于我国煤炭产业的生态效率评价.本文首先回顾了生态效率的内涵,然后借鉴德国的环境经济账户,结合我国煤炭产业自身特点,构建煤炭产业生态效率评价指标体系;进而依据PCA-DEA组合评价模型流程,利用主成分分析法(PCA)提取影响生态效率的主成分,采用DEA模型对我国煤炭产业2001年-2010年间生态效率状况进行了评价.研究显示:①我国煤炭产业在2001年-2010年10年发展过程中,仅有2003年、2010年两年达到了DEA相对有效,表明投入产出要素的技术和规模效率处于最佳状态;②剩余8年均处于不同程度地无效率状态,其中有5年实现纯技术效率有效,3年纯技术效率和规模效率均无效,且规模报酬递减;③10年中的纯技术效率都大于规模效率,表明我国煤炭产业的综合技术无效主要原因在于规模无效.最后根据分析结果为提高煤炭产业生态效率提出了有针对性的对策建议. 相似文献
8.
稀土企业经营绩效评价 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
运用数据包络分析(DEA)的C2R和BC2模型,以2011年17家稀土上市公司为研究对象,对其经营绩效进行综合效率、纯技术效率、规模效率分析及投影测度分析.研究发现,我国稀土上市公司总体绩效并不理想,平均效率值只有0.8043,针对非DEA有效的决策单元,给出投入指标和产出指标的调整目标值. 相似文献
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中国高技术产业全要素生产率（TFP）的提升为经济的可持续发展提供了重要支持。以中国30个省市为研究目标,采用三阶段DEA模型和Malmquist生产率指数对“十一五”至“十三五”期间各地区高技术产业TFP进行了静态和动态研究。研究发现：在剥离了外部环境因素和随机扰动因素后,综合效率和规模效率被高估,纯技术效率被低估,而规模效率偏低则是制约我国高技术产业TFP提升的主要原因。通过Malmquist指数及其分解可知,我国高技术产业技术效率改进由纯技术效率占据主导,但技术进步迟缓依旧是扼制我国高技术产业TFP提升的瓶颈。因此,持续扩大产业规模,保持研发投入和技术创新是推动我国高技术产业长远发展的重要途径。 相似文献
10.
基于DEA科技企业孵化器绩效评价——以广东为例 总被引：5，自引：1，他引：4
根据DEA方法指标预选办法对指标进行了筛选,建立评价模型,并以广东省2006年科技企业孵化器为决策单元进行DEA计算,对它们的综合效率、技术效率以及规模效率进行分析,指出了广东省科技企业孵化器整体绩效偏低以及技术无效是绩效低下的主要原因,然后通过计算孵化器投入产出的影子价格,分析各投入要素对决策单元的稀缺程度,得出了提高科技人员的素质能显著地促进高技术企业孵化器效率提升的结论.为我国科技企业孵化器绩效评价提供了一种更为客观、有效的方法. 相似文献
11.
《中国科学院院刊(英文版)》2008,22(1):2-3
CAS should stick to the principle of rendering service to, and giving impetus for, the development of China＇s science enterprise by making S＆T innovations, said CAS President LU Yongxiang. The CAS president made the remarks in a recent talk to communicate the gist of the winter session of the Party＇s Leading-member Group at CAS, which was held from 7 to 11 January in Beijing. 相似文献
12.
Marjorie Armstrong-Stassen Margaret Landstrom Ramona Lumpkin 《The Information Society》1998,14(2):153-164
This study examined how students who had no prior experience with videoconferencing would react to the use of videoconferencing as an instructional medium. Students enrolled in seven different courses completed a questionnaire at the beginning of the semester and again at the end of the semester. Students at the origination and remote sites did not differ in their reactions toward videoconferencing but there was a significant difference for gender. Women reacted less favorably to videoconferencing. Compared to the beginning of the semester, students reported significantly less positive attitudes toward taking a course through videoconferencing at the end of the semester. There were no significant differences in students' attitudes toward videoconferencing across courses at the beginning of the semester but there were significant differences across the courses at the end of the semester. The results suggest the need for better preparation for both students and instructors. 相似文献
13.
《中国科学院院刊(英文版)》2008,22(1)
With great care, Dr. ZHOU Zhonghe takes out a package wrapped by cotton tissue from a drawer and says: "This is the gem of our collections: the fossil of a bird that lived 125 million years ago!" Then, pointing at a tiny mound, he explains: "Look, this is the claw and that is the head. It was in the egg shell and ready to hatch ... The species fell into a family of waterside inhabitants." 相似文献
14.
A joint study by Prof. ZHANG Zhibin from the CAS Institute of Zoology his co-workers from Norway US Swiss have indicated that historical outbreaks of migratory locusts in China were associated with cold spells suggesting that China's projected climate warming could decrease the pest's numbers. The study was published in Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences on September .…… 《中国科学院院刊(英文版)》2008,22(1):6-7
Ajoint study by Prof. ZHANG Zhibin from the CAS Institute of Zoology and his co-workers from Norway, US and Swiss have indicated that historical outbreaks of migratory locusts in China were associated with cold spells, suggesting that China＇s projected climate warming could decrease the pest＇s numbers. The study was published in Proceedings of theNational Academy of Sciences on 17 September, 2007. 相似文献
15.
Caroline Haythornthwaite 《The Information Society》2001,17(3):211-226
A computer-mediated group is a complex entity whose members exchange many types of information via multiple means of communication in pursuit of goals specific to their environment. Over time, they coordinate technical features of media with locally enacted use to achieve a viable working arrangement. To explore this complex interaction, a case study is presented of the social networks of interactions and media use among members of a class of computer-supported distance learners. Results show how group structures associated with project teams dominated who communicated with whom, about what, and via which media over the term, and how media came to occupy their own communication niches: Webboard for diffuse class-wide communication; Internet Relay Chat more to named others but still for general communication across the class; and e-mail primarily for intrateam communication. Face-to-face interaction, occurring only during a short on-campus session, appears to have had a catalytic effect on social and emotional exchanges. Results suggest the need to structure exchanges to balance class-wide sharing of ideas with subgroup interactions that facilitate project completion, and to provide media that support these two modes of interaction. 相似文献
16.
Electronic data interchange (EDI) provides means for interorganizational communication, creates network externalities, requires an advanced information technology (IT) infrastructure, and relies on standards. In the diffusion of such innovations, institutional involvement is imperative. Such institutions contain governmental agencies, national and global standardization organizations, local government, and nonprofit private organizations like industry associations. The last type of organizations we call intermediating institutions. They intermediate or coordinate ("inscribe") the activities of a group of would-be adopters. Unfortunately, little is known of how these organizations shape the EDI diffusion trajectory. In this article we examine one specific type of intermediating organizations?industry associations?and how they advanced the EDI diffusion process in the grocery sectors of Hong Kong, Denmark and Finland. We identify six institutional measures, placed into a matrix formed by the mode of involvement (influence vs. regulation) and the type of diffusion force (supply push vs. demand pull), that can be mobilized to further the EDI diffusion. Industry associations were found to be active users of all these measures to varying degrees. Their role was critical especially in knowledge building, knowledge deployment, and standard setting. Furthermore, institutional involvement varied due to policy and cultural contingencies and power dependencies. 相似文献
17.
Puay Tang 《The Information Society》1998,14(1):19-31
The increasing prospects of digital piracy has prompted the perceived need by electronic publishers to adopt technical systems of protection, and governments to reform their copyright laws. This article is a preliminary study of the management of intellectual property by electronic publishers, defined as those involved in the production of online databases, and CD-ROMs. It focuses on three main issues: (1) how electronic publishers view the increasing threat of piracy; (2) the methods of protection employed to protect intellectual property in digital format; and (3) the importance of technological protection of intellectual property in electronic publications. The analysis is based on a sample of 23 UK electronic publishers. The interviews revealed an interesting assortment of protection methods and did not show that technological protection was a preferred way. Instead, the means of protection, in addition to copyright law, comprised niche markets, pricing, trust, bad publicity, and nontechnical and technical means. 相似文献
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Milton Mueller 《The Information Society》2001,17(3):151-163
Long-standing conflict between domain name registrants and trademark holders prompted the Internet Corporation for Assigned Names and Numbers (ICANN) to create a global, mandatory arbitration procedure known as the Uniform Dispute Resolution Policy (UDRP). The UDRP has been used in 2166 cases involving 3938 domain names as of 1 November 2000. The policy gives the initiator of a complaint, generally a trademark holder, the right to choose which ICANN-accredited dispute resolution service provider (RSP) will handle the case. During the preparation of the UDRP,some feared that complainant selection would lead to "forum shopping" that might bias the results. This article performs a statistical assessment of the forum-shopping thesis and finds support for it. There are statistically significant differences in the various RSPs' propensity to take away names from defendants; there are also major differences in the number of cases brought to each RSP. RSPs who take away names have the larger share of cases. The study examines other variables that might explain differences in market share, such as price, the plaintiff's nationality, or the time taken to decide a case. It finds that nationality and time also are correlated with market share. The study concludes that shopping for a favorable outcome is an important factor in the UDRP. 相似文献
19.
Prof. Raymond C.K. Chen a neuropsychologist with the CAS Institute of Psychology has made novel progress in his studies of schizophrenia. His work has been reported by a recent issue of Behavioural Neurology.…… 《中国科学院院刊(英文版)》2008,22(1):15-15
Prof. Raymond C.K. Chen, a neuropsychologist with the CAS Institute of Psychology, has made novel progress in his studies of schizophrenia. His work has been reported by a recent issue of Behavioural Neurology. 相似文献
20.
Prof. SUN Changpu from the CAS Institute of Theoretical Physics coworkers from University of Basel in Switzerland have worked out a way - at least in theory - to split a beam of molecules according to their chirality. The technique involves passing the molecules through three different laser beams is similar to the famous Stern-Gerlach effect whereby a beam of atoms passing through a magnetic field is split in two according to the atoms' spin states 《中国科学院院刊(英文版)》2008,22(1):23-23
Prof. SUN Changpu from the CAS Institute of Theoretical Physics and coworkers from University of Basel in Switzerland have worked out a way --at least in theory --to split a beam of molecules according to their chirality. The technique involves passing the molecules through three different laser beams and is similar to the famous Stern-Gerlach effect, whereby a beam of atoms passing through a magnetic field is split in two according to the atoms＇ spin states （Phys. Rev. Lett. 99 130403）. 相似文献